Introduction to English PhoneticsEdinburgh University Press, 6 Feb 2017 - 240 halaman The second edition of this distinguished textbook introduces undergraduates to the concepts, terminology and representations needed for an understanding of how English is pronounced around the world. Assuming no prior knowledge, this textbook guides the reader through the vocal tract and explains how the sounds of speech are made, offering an accessible and expanded introduction to areas including transcription, vowels and acoustic analysis. As far as possible, it uses naturally-occurring conversational speech so that readers are familiar with the details of everyday talk (and not just the careful pronunciations presented in dictionaries.) The book also includes a new concluding chapter that works through a piece of spoken data to show the reader how a more complete phonetic analysis can be conducted. Examples are taken from around the English-speaking world, including North America, Australia, New Zealand and varieties of British English. The book takes an open-minded approach to what sounds of English might be significant for making meaning, and highlights the significance of word meaning, morphology, sociolinguistics and conversational interaction in phonetic analysis. |
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acoustic airflow alveolar alveolar ridge approximants aspiration bilabial called cardinal vowels Chapter close closure clusters comes common complete consonants dental described diacritic discussed duration example feel Figure final followed fricatives friction front further giving hear hold initial involves kind known language larynx lateral less letter linguistic lips look lower marked means mouth move nasal nasalised Note notice occur oral palatal period phonetic phrase pitch place of articulation plosive portion possible pressure produced pronounced raised range release represent rhotics rounded secondary articulation seen sequence shape short shows sometimes sounds speakers spectrogram speech start starts syllable symbol talk tongue tongue tip transcribed transcription usually utterance varieties of English velar velum vibration vocal folds vocal tract voice quality voiceless voicing vowel waveform words