ascertained by law. and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assist ance of Counsel for his defence. ARTICLE VII. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. ARTICLE VIII. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. ARTICLE IX. The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. ARTICLE X. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. ARTICLE XI. The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State. ARTICLE XII. The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; -The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted; -The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President. as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list. the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. ARTICLE XIII. Section 1.-Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 11.-Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. ARTICLE XIV. Section I.-All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Section II.-Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. Section III.-No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil, or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. Section IV.-The validity of the public debt of the United States, author ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void. Section V.-The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. ARTICLE XV. Section 1.-The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Section II.-The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. INDEX. PAGE PAGE Election of president and vice- president-objections to popu- 90 lar elections... 235 84 Elections, irregularities in. 246 81 -state control.. 151 -second resolution of the.. 102 -state control, the limit of. 152 -the spirit of the. 90 -supervisors of.... 153 -veto in the.. 173 Electoral commission.. 247 Conventions, state, called. 97 -plan still a failure. 240 Copyrights and patent rights. 200 -system, failure of the.. 237 Copyrights, international. 201 Electors, presidential, the ap- -law of. 200 pointment of.. 103 Copywriting, steps to be taken.. 201 Counterfeiting defined... 197 Embargo and non-importation -power to punish for.. 197 -the punishment of.. 198 England, impeachment in. Country, state of the.. 67 Course of events, the later in England.. 45 Court of claims, the.. 290 the. (ourt the trial 144 Courts, of the District of Colum- bia.... 291 -the circuit, etc.. 280 -district 290 rights of. -the territorial.. 201 Entering and clearing.. -state. 305 Crime of treason. 297 Eligibility to office [see suffrage.] acts.. -later course of events in.. -colonies, controlling ideas of -revolution, the first... English revolution, the second. Englishmen, guarantee of the Establishment of a monetary sys- tom... 185 149 45 188 24 43 44 125, 171 26 222 192 Dartmouth college case.. 226 Excises, duties and imposts.. 177 Decision, the original package. 186 Executive, a single... 232 Delaware.. 32 -an independent.. 231 Delegated powers.. 211 -and inherent powers. 229 -departments, creation of as- 270 Demonetization of silver.. 194 -length of term and re-eligibil- Department of agriculture. 175 ity of.. 233 -interior. 274 -need of a national. 231 -justice.. -navy -state. 272 -responsibility. 276 274 -style and title of the.. 233 270 Exemption from arrest. 166 -treasury 271 Export duties.. 221 -war... 272 Expost-facto laws. 221 Direct taxes defined. 133 Expulsion, punishment and.. 160 Discovery, the right of. 21 District courts.. 290 Failure of the electoral system... 237 Features of the American state.. 52 Districting the states. 154 Federal convention- District of Columbia ceded. 210 -meeting and organization.... 76 Division of powers... 229 -three groups of questions.... 76 -of political powers.. 366 Federalist, the. 100 -the first, of North America... 21 Felonies and piracies.. 203 Dred Scott decision... 344 Fineness and weight of coins.. 193 Dual Government. 46 First amendment proposed in 1789 133 Dual system.. 37 -compromise.. 86 Due process of law. .296, 348 Duties, imposts and excises.. 177 -election by the house of repre- 239 Economists, the political.. 177 -electoral plan 237 Effect of amendments XIII, XV. 351 -three presidential elections.. 238 242 Fiscal agencies, first of the gov- ernment.... 182 sentatives.. 244 Forts, etc... 211 -of 1800.. 238 Frame-work of the colonial gov- -of 1824. 244 ernments... 34 -of 1876.. 247 -of the government... 80 Election of president and vice- France and Spain, the colonies president.. 234 compared with those of. 38 -conventions first decision... 234 -electoral plan 235 Franklin, Dr., anecdote of. 91 -law of 1877. 247 growth of.. 44 of senators.. 155 Free and slave states.. 341 -objections to by congress. 235 -question of election.. 234 French and Indians, wars with... 53 95 |