exceeding sixteen ounces to the thousand, three cents per pound.

159. Iron or steel railway fish-plates, or splice-bars, one and one-fourth of one cent per pound.'

160. Malleable iron castings, not specially enumerated or provided for in this act, two cents per pound.

[Blacksmiths' hammers and sledges, axles, or parts thereof, and malleable iron in castings, not otherwise provided for, two cents and a half per pound.]

161. Wrought-iron or steel spikes, nuts, and washers, and horse, mule, or ox shoes, two cents per pound.

[Wrought-iron railroad chairs, and wrought-iron nuts and washers, ready punched, two cents per pound.]

162. Anvils [two cents and one half per pound.], anchors, or parts thereof [two cents and one-fourth per pound.], mill-irons and mill-cranks, of wrought iron, and wroughtiron for ships, and forgings of iron and steel for vessels, steam-engines, and locomotives or parts thereof, weighing each twenty-five pounds or more, two cents per pound.

163. Iron or steel rivets, bolts, with or without threads or nuts, or bolt-blanks, and finished hinges or hinge-blanks, two and one half of one cent per pound.

[Wrought board-nails, spikes, rivets, and bolts, two and a half cents per pound.]

[Cast-iron bolts and hinges, two and a half cents per pound.] 164. Iron or steel blacksmiths' hammers and sledges, track-tools, wedges, and crowbars, two and one-half of one cent per pound.

165. Iron or steel axles, parts thereof, axle-bars, axleblanks, or forgings for axles, without reference to the stage or state of manufacture, two and one-half of one cent per pound.

[Blacksmiths' hammers and sledges, axles, or parts thereof,2 and malleable iron in castings not otherwise provided for; two cents and a half per pound.]

1 Wrought-iron fish-plates, fish-joints, or splice-bars, were classed, by assimilation, with wrought-iron railroad chairs, at two cents per pound (S. 276); steel fish-plates as manufactures of steel not otherwise provided for, at forty-five per cent. (S. 1032.)

2 Axles have been held not the less dutiable under this provision, because accompanied by iron wagon-boxes fitted and attached, and wrenches, nuts, and bolts also attached. (S. 3207.)

166. Forgings of iron and steel, or forged iron, of whatever shape, or in whatever stage of manufacture, not specially enumerated or provided for in this act, two and one-half cents per pound.'

167. Horseshoe-nails, hob-nails, and wire-nails, and all other wrought-iron or steel nails, not specially enumerated or provided for in this act, four [five] cents per pound.

168. Boiler tubes, or flues, or stays, of wrought-iron or steel, three cents per pound.

169.

Other wrought-iron or steel tubes or pipes, two and one quarter cents per pound.

[Steam, gas, and water tubes and flues of wrought-iron, three and a half cents per pound.]

170. Chain or chains of all kinds, made of iron or steel, not less than three-fourths of one inch in diameter, one and three-quarter cents per pound; less than three-fourths of one inch and not less than three-eighths of one inch in diameter, two cents per pound; less than three-eighths of one inch in diameter, two and one-half cents per pound.

[Chains, trace-chains, halter-chains, and fence-chains, made of wire or rods, not less than one-fourth of one inch in diameter, two cents and a half per pound; less than onefourth of one inch in diameter, and not under number nine, wire gauge, three cents per pound; under number nine, wire gauge, thirty-five per centum ad valorem.]

171. Cross-cut saws, eight [ten] cents per linear foot. 172. [On] Mill, pit, and drag saws, not over nine inches wide, ten [twelve and one-half] cents per linear foot; over nine inches wide, fifteen [twenty] cents per linear foot. Circular saws, thirty per centum ad valorem.

173.

174. Hand, back, and all other saws, not specially enumerated or provided for in this act, forty per centum ad valorem.

[All hand-saws not over twenty-four inches in length, seventy-five cents per dozen, and in addition thereto, thirty per centum ad valorem; over twenty-four inches in length,

1 The department held hammered forgings of scrap-iron for axles dutiable at one and one-fourth cents, as iron not otherwise provided for (S. 4898), and again (S. 5310), at two and one-half cents, as axles.

one dollar per dozen, and in addition thereto, thirty per centum ad valorem.]

[All back saws not over ten inches in length, seventy-five cents per dozen, and in addition thereto, thirty per centum ad valorem; over ten inches in length, one dollar per dozen, and in addition thereto thirty per centum ad valorem.]

175. Files, file-blanks, rasps, and floats of all cuts and kinds, four inches in length and under, thirty-five cents per dozen; over four inches in length and under nine inches, seventy-five cents per dozen; nine inches in length and under fourteen inches, one dollar and fifty cents per dozen; fourteen inches in length and over, two dollars and fifty cents per dozen.

[Files, file-blanks, rasps, and floats of all descriptions, not exceeding ten inches in length, ten cents per pound, and in addition thereto thirty per centum ad valorem; exceeding ten inches in length, six cents per pound, and in addition thereto, thirty per centum ad valorem.]

176. Steel ingots, cogged ingots, blooms, and slabs, by whatever process made; die blocks or blanks; billets and bars, and tapered or beveled bars; bands, hoops, strips, and sheets of all gauges and widths; plates of all thicknesses and widths; steamer, crank, and other shafts; wrist or crank pins; connecting rods and piston rods; pressed, sheared, or stamped shapes, or blanks of sheet or plate steel, or combination of steel and iron, punched or not punched; hammer-moulds, or swaged steel; gun-moulds not in bars; alloys used as substitutes for steel tools; all descriptions and shapes of dry sand, loam or ironmolded steel castings, all of the above classes of steel not otherwise specially provided for in this act, valued at four cents a pound or less, forty-five per centum ad valorem; above four cents a pound and not above seven cents per pound, two cents per pound; valued above seven cents and not above ten cents per pound, two and three-fourths cents per pound; valued at above ten cents per pound, three and one-fourth cents per pound: Provided, That on all iron or steel bars, rods, strips, or steel sheets, of whatever shape, and on all iron or steel bars of irregular shape or section, cold-rolled, cold-hammered, or polished in any way in addition to the ordinary process of hot-rolling

or hammering, there shall be paid one-fourth cent per pound, in addition to the rates provided in this act; and on steel circular saw-plates there shall be paid one cent per pound in addition to the rate provided in this act.1

[Steel in ingots, bars, coils, sheets, and steel wire, not less than one-fourth of one inch in diameter, valued at seven cents per pound or less, two cents and one-fourth per pound; valued at above seven cents, and not above eleven cents per pound, three cents per pound; valued at above eleven cents per pound, three cents and a half per pound, and ten per cent. ad valorem.]

177.

Iron or steel beams, girders, joists, angles, channels, car-truck channels, TT, columns and posts, or parts or sections of columns and posts, deck and bulb beams, and building forms, together with all other structural shapes of iron or steel, one and one fourth of one cent per pound.

178. Steel wheels and steel-tired wheels for railway purposes, whether wholly or partly finished, and iron or steel locomotive, car, and other railway tires, or parts thereof, wholly or partly manufactured, two and one-half of one cent per pound; iron or steel ingots, cogged ingots, blooms or blanks for the same, without regard to the degree of manufacture, two cents per pound.2

1 Much discussion has attended the classification of steel blooms. Steel blooms and billets were not recognized by the old law, and the imposition of a forty-five per cent. duty on railway blooms, and a specific duty of two and a quarter, three, or three and one-half cents, according to the value per pound, on smaller blooms or billets, has not only been unsatisfactory to the home manufacturers, but, for the last two or three years, to the department as well; and the rule of classification would have been chauged but for the expectation of legislation at an early day. The effect of the discrimination between railway and other blooms held dutiable at the specific rate, has been, of course, that the Bessemer blooms imported have been mostly of large size, and many have been broken up here. The Tariff Commission proposed admitting blooms of not less than five hundred pounds' weight, made by any other than the crucible process, at six-tenths of a cent per pound, and the smaller ones at two cents and upwards, according to the value per pound, intending in this way to discriminate between rail blooms of Bessemer steel and the lower-carbon and finer grades of Siemens-Martin steel. This limitation as to size was rejected by Congress, and the forty-five per cent. duty retained, which duty applies also to billets, and to the smaller blooms, thus closing the controversy adverted to.

The classification of steel wire-rods, which would seem to have been properly dutiable as steel in coils at two and one-fourth cents per pound, as steel in any form, etc., at thirty per cent., has been a cause of similar dissatisfaction to the home manufacturers. Steel angle-bars, classed as steel in bars notwithstanding the bending. (S. 5121.) So steel in bars, with raised borders. (S. 4906.) Hammer-moulds, cast in a swaged form, specified above in the new law, held not entitled, under the old, to classification as steel in bars. (S. 5047.) As steel in sheets has been classed shoe-shank steel (S. 4556); but not clock spring steel, which was held to be dutiable as a manufactured article at forty-five per cent. (S. 5253.)

2 The department assessed steel locomotive tires at forty-five per cent, as manu

2

[Locomotive tires, or parts thereof; three cents per pound.]

179. Iron or steel rivet, screw, nail, and fence, wire rods, round, in coils and loops, not lighter than number five wire gauge, valued at three and one-half cents or less per pound, six-tenths of one cent per pound. Iron or steel, flat with longitudal ribs for the manufacture of fencing,1 six-tenths of a cent per pound.

180. Screws, commonly called wood-screws, two inches or over in length, [eight] six cents per pound; one inch, and less than two inches in length, eight cents per pound; over one half inch, and less than one inch in length, ten cents per pound; one half inch, and less [than two inches] in length, twelve [eleven] cents per pound.2

[Screws of any other metal than iron, and all other screws of iron, except wood-screws, thirty-five per centum ad valorem.]

[Bed-screws and wrought-iron hinges; two cents and a half per pound.]

181. Iron or steel wire, smaller than number five, and not smaller than number ten wire gauge, one and one-half cents per pound; smaller than number ten, and not smaller than number sixteen wire gauge, two cents per pound; smaller than number sixteen and not smaller than number twenty-six wire gauge, two and one-half cents per pound; smaller than number twenty-six wire gauge, three cents per pound: Provided, That iron or steel wire covered with cotton, silk, or other material, and wire commonly known as crinoline, corset, and hat wire, shall pay four cents per pound in addition to the foregoing rates: And provided further, That no article made from iron or steel wire, or of which iron or steel wire is a component part of chief value, shall pay a less rate of duty than the iron or steel wire from

factures of steel not otherwise provided for. The circuit court, and ultimately, the supreme court, revised the ruling, holding the proper rate to be three cents per pound. Steel tire blooms, circular in form, being in fact, partly manufactured tires or rims, have been similarly assessed at forty-five per cent. (S. 5378.)

1 This definition of rods for use in making barbed-wire fences, was rendered necessary by the fact that the department assessed those rods at thirty per cent. (S. 4488.)

2 Steel wood-screws, were classed as wood-screws, and charged as such. (S. 2465.) It is said that no bed-screws are now imported.