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The President of the United States is exofficio Commander-in-chief of the Navy. As his executive he appoints a Secretary of the Navy, a member of his Cabinet, on a four years' term. He also appoints an Assistant Secretary of the Navy, and these two political officials, who are usually civilians, exercise a general control and supervision of the ten departments or bureaus among which the business is distributed. These departments are very similar to those in the British Admiralty, and they are almost all of them under the direction of naval officers. There are also special boards, mostly departmental, who advise either the Secretary of the Navy or the chiefs of the bureaus on technical points.

THE UNITED

On January 1, 1904, there was upon the active list 1 admiral, 27 rear admirals, 80 captains, 120 commanders, 192 lieut.-commanders, 331 lieutenants, 24 lieutenants (junior grade), 166 ensigns, 101 midshipmen, 16 medical directors, 15 medical inspectors, 86 surgeons, 35 passed assistant surgeons, 68 assistant surgeons, 14 pay directors, 15 pay inspectors, 76 paymasters, 30 passed assistant paymasters, 18 assistant paymasters, 23 chaplains, 12 pro

There is nothing approximating to the headquarters staff which is found in all naval administrations, based on the precedent of the organization of land forces. In this respect the naval administration of the United States and Great Britain differ from almost all the rest. With regard to the estimates, the chiefs of the various bureaus prepare and make annually reports which are published, and in these reports they make recommendations with estimates of cost. The Secretary of the Navy also makes an annual report, summarizing the reports of his subordinates, with his own recommendations, which are submitted to Congress in the shape of Bills, which, being passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate, and approved by the President, become law. The United States Navy is manned by voluntary enlistment.

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STATES NAVY.

-Hazell's Annual, 1904.

fessors of mathematics, 1 secretary to the admiral, 20 naval constructors, 30 assistant naval constructors, 28 civil engineers, 5 assistant civil engineers, 12 chief boatswains, 116 boatswains, 12 chief gunners, 100 gunners, 14 chief carpenters, 73 carpenters, 7 chief sailmakers, 150 warrant machinists, 25 pharmacists, and 16 mates. There were also 649 midshipmen on probation at the Naval Academy at Annapolis, Md.

REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE ADMISSION OF CANDIDATES INTO THE NAVAL ACADEMY AS MIDSHIPMEN.

NOMINATION.

The students of the Naval Academy are styled Midshipmen. Two Midshipmen are allowed for each Senator, Representative, and Delegate in Congress, two for the District of Columbia, and five each year from the United States at large. The appointments from the District of Columbia and five each year at large are made by the President.

One Midshipman is allowed from Porto Rico, who must be a native of that island. The appointment is made by the President, on the recommendation of the Governor of Porto Rico. The Congressional appointments are equitably distributed, so that in regular course each Senator, Representative, and Delegate in Congress may appoint one Midshipman during each Congress. After June 30, 1913, each Senator, Representative, and Delegate in Congress will be allowed to appoint but one Midshipman instead of two. The course for Midshipmen is six years-four years at the Academy, when the succeeding appointment is made, and two years at sea, at the expiration of which time the examination for final graduation takes place. Midshipmen who pass the examination for final graduation are appointed to fill vacancies in the lower grades of the Line of the Navy and of the Marine Corps, in the order of merit as determined by the Academic Board of the Naval Academy.

"The Secretary of the Navy shall, as soon as practicable after the fifth day of March in each year, notify in writing each Senator, Representative, and Delegate in Congress of any vacancy which may be regarded as existing in the State, District, or Territory which he represents, and the nomination of a candidate to fill such vacancy shall be made upon the recommendation of the Senator, Representative, or Delegate. Such recommendation shall be made by the first day of June of that year, and if not so made the Secretary of the Navy shall fill the vacancy by the appointment of an actual resident of the State, District, or Territory in which the vacancy exists, who shall have been for at least two years immediately preceding his appointment an actual bona fide resident of the State, District, or Territory in which the vacancy exists, and shall have the

qualifications otherwise prescribed by law."

(Act approved March 4, 1903.) Candidates allowed for Congressional Districts, for Territories, and for the District of Columbia must be actual residents of the Districts or Territories, respectively, from which they are nominated.

All candidates must, at the time of their examination for admission, be between the ages of sixteen and twenty years. A candidate is eligible for appointment on the day he becomes sixteen, and is ineligible on the day he becomes twenty years of age.

EXAMINATION.

"All candidates for admission into the Academy shall be examined according to such regulations and at such stated times as the Secretary of the Navy may prescribe. Candidates rejected at such examination shall not have the privilege of another examination for admission to the same class unless recommended by the Board of Examiners." (Rev. Stat., Sec. 1515.)

When any candidate, who has been nominated upon the recommendation of a Senator, Member, or Delegate of the House of Representatives, is found, upon examination, to be physically or mentally disqualified for admission, the Senator, Member, or Delegate shall be notified to recommend another candidate, who shall be examined according to the provisions of the preceding section.

Beginning with the year nineteen hundred and four, but two examinations for admission of Midshipmen to the Academy will be held each year, as follows:

1. The first examination to be held on the third Tuesday in April, under the supervision of the Civil Service Commission, at points given in a list furnished by the Bureau of Navigation, Navy Department, Washington, D. C., who also furnish sample examination papers. Candidates are examined mentally only at this examination. All those qualifying mentally who are entitled to appointment in order of nomination will be notified by the Superintendent of the Naval Academy to report at the Academy for physical examination on or about June 10, and if physically qualified will be appointed.

Candidates nominated for the April examination may be examined at Washington, D. C., if so desired, or at any of the places in any State named in the above schedule.

Senators and Representatives are requested, when designating their nominees, to give the place at which it is desired they should be examined if nominated for the April examination.

2. The second and last examination will be held at Annapolis, Md., only, on the third Tuesday in June, under the supervision of the Superintendent of the Naval Academy. Candidates are examined mentally at this examination, and all those entitled to appointment will be directed to report for physical examination, as soon as practicable, at the Naval Academy.

Alternates are given the privilege of reporting for examination at the same time with the principal.

No examination will be held later than the third Tuesday in June.

The large number of Midshipmen to be instructed and drilled makes this rule necessary, and it is to the great advantage of the new Midshipmen themselves. The summer months are utilized in preliminary instruction in professional branches and drills, such as handling boats under oars and sails, and in seamanship, gunnery, and infantry drills. These practical_exercises form most excellent groundwork as a preparation for the academic

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dates be addressed to the Bureau of Navigation, Navy Department.

Nominations for examination on the third Tuesday in April should be forwarded to the Bureau ten days prior to the date of examination, as that is the latest date on which arrangements can be made for the examination.

Candidates will be required to enter the Academy immediately after passing the prescribed examination.

No leave of absence will be granted to Midshipmen of the fourth class.

Candidates will be examined physically at the Naval Academy by a board composed of three medical officers of the Navy.

Attention will also be paid to the stature of the candidate, and no one manifestly under size for his age will be received at the Academy. In the case of doubt about the physical condition of the candidate, any marked deviation from the usual standard of height or weight will add materially to the consideration for rejection. The height of candidates for admission shall not be less than 5 feet 2 inches between the ages of 16 and 18 years, and not less than 5 feet 4 inches between the ages of 18 and 20 years.

Candidates will be examined mentally in punctuation, spelling, arithmetic, geography, English grammar, United States history, world's history, algebra through quadratic equations, and plane geometry (five books of Chauvenet's Geometry, or an equivalent). Deficiency in any one of these subjects may be sufficient to insure the rejection of the candidate.

ADMISSION.

Candidates who pass the physical and mental examinations will receive appointments as Midshipmen, and become students of the Academy. Each Midshipman will be required to sign articles by which he binds himself to serve in the United States Navy eight years (including his time of probation at the Naval Academy), unless sooner discharged.

The pay of a Midshipman is $500 a year, commencing at the date of his admission.

The cruisers are the light cavalry of the navy. As their name implies, their duty is to, cruise the seas, keeping in touch with the enemy's fleets and acting as the "eyes" of the line-of-battle ships. They are also intended for the

double duty of attacking an enemy's commerce and defending that of the country whose flag they carry. Fleets of merchant vessels or of transport ships will be "convoyed" by cruisers from port to port.

LIST OF SHIPS OF THE UNITED STATES NAVY.

[ABBREVIATIONS.-Hull: S., steel; S. W., steel, wood sheathed; I., iron; W., wood. Propulsion: S., screw; T. S., twin screw; Tr. S., triple screw; P., paddle.]

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