No doubt many inventors are wondering what disposition has been made of the Anthony Pollok Prize. Communications which have been received by the editor from Paris state that, owing to the unsatisfactory results of the former competition, the founders of the prize were undecided as to what should be done. Before taking any steps it was thought advisable to make an investigation. The Intermaritime Association in Paris sent out letters to the leading maritime associations, chambers of commerce and boards of trade of the principal mari

time cities of the world, asking for advice as to the best methods to be pursued in order to obtain more satisfactory results in a possible future competition. Many replies were received and a large number of suggestions made.

A report containing the various recommendations and suggested changes was submitted by the Intermaritime Association but a short time ago. The founders of the Anthony Pollok Prize intend shortly to pass upon the report and adopt resolutions for the final disposition of the prize.

I. THE PERMANENT COURT OF ARBITRA

TION.

This court, more popularly known as The Hague Tribunal, was constituted by virtue of the convention for the pacific regulation of international questions, concluded at The Hague, July 29, 1899. (Office, Prinsegracht 71, The Hague.)

Administrative Council.-President: The Minister for Foreign Affairs for Holland. Members: The diplomatic representatives of all the signatory powers accredited to The Hague.

Members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration.-Since the individuals themselves are constantly changing by ill health or death, we shall content ourselves by giving the signatory powers alone, letting it suffice to say that these powers appoint their most distinguished men, preferably lawyers, to the position. They are: Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Holland, Italy, Japan, Luxemburg, Mexico, Portugal, Roumania, Russia, Servia, Spain, Sweden and Norway, Switzerland, and the United States.

II. THE

UNIVERSAL

INTERNATIONAL

POSTAL UNION.

The Universal Postal Union, founded by the Congress at Bern in 1874, constitutes a single territory for the reciprocal exchange of correspondence between the Postal Departments of the nations present at the Congress. Its scope has been further enlarged and developed by succeeding conventions and conferences at Bern (1876), Paris (1880), Lisbon (1885), Vienna (1891), and Washington (1897); today it comprises all the states and all the colonies having organized postal systems, including nearly the whole world.

To the chief convention of the Union, regulating the exchange of letters, postal cards, printed matter, official papers and samples have from time to time been added, special arrangements concluded between the most of the members having for their object the international interchange of letters and packages possessing a declared value, postal money orders, postal packages and collections, together with a passport service and a department for the subscription journals and other publications.

to

A central office, created by the Congress at Bern, has its seat in that city and is known under the name of The International Bureau of the Universal Postal Union. It performs its labors under the supervision of the Swiss Postoffice Department. The ordinary annual expenses of this office were first fixed at 75,000 francs, later advanced to 100,000 and finally increased to 125,000 francs, by the Congress of Vi

enna. The funds are provisionally advanced by the Swiss Government, which is reimbursed by all the contracting parties in proportion to their importance.

This bureau is charged with collecting, co-ordinating, publishing and distributing information of whatever nature appertaining to international postal affairs. Its duties are also to issue, upon the demand of any one of the members of the Union, a note upon questions in litigation, to examine into the demands for the modification of the acts of the Congress, to give notice of any adopted changes, and in general, to proceed with the studies and labors with which it is seized in the interest of the postal union. It prepares a table of general statistics for each year; it edits a special journal "L'Union postale" in the German, French, and English languages; it prepares the work of the Congresses or Conferences, publishes and keeps up to date a dictionary of all the postoffices in the world, and attends to the balancing and liquidation of the accounts between the various postal administrations which have declared their willingness to make use of it as an intermediary. The total amount of the liquidations in 1902 reached the considerable sum of 49,113,785.57 francs ($9,822,757.11). Throughout the territory controlled by the Union, 24,061,000,000 pieces were exchanged in 1901; of these 51 000,000 were letters and packages having a declared value of 45,283,000,000 francs ($9,056,600,000); 460,000,000 postal orders were sent, amounting to 24,147,000,000 francs ($4,829,800,000); moreover, 2,275,000 000 journals were delivered through the postal bureau for subscriptions to such publications.

III. INTERNATIONAL BUREAU OF TELE

GRAPHS.

This bureau is a central organ instituted in 1868 by the International Telegraphic Conference at Vienna and placed by it under the high direction of the superior authorities of the Swiss Confederation. Its object is to form a permanent bond between the telegraphic services of the different states which compose the Union, to facilitate the uniform application of the arrangements they have resolved upon, to collect and redistribute documents and information of mutual utility, to carry on such work and publications as

are of interest to the service, notably to prepare work for the Conferences and publish their acts. This bureau has its seat in Bern, and its expenses are temporarily advanced by the Swiss Confederation, which is later reimbursed by the members of the Union, of whom there at present 47, covering a superficial area of 62,100,000 square kilometers, (23,970,000 square miles), and comprising within its circuits a population of 866,000,000 souls.

The recent Conference at London in 1903 simplified the matters of tariff and accounting very greatly. The participants in the benefits of this treaty are now: The whole of Europe, British India, the Dutch Indies, Ceylon, the Portuguese colonies in Asia, Siam, French Cochin-China, Persia, Japan, Asiatic Russia, and Asiatic Turkey, Egypt, Tunis, Cape Colony, Natal, East African colonies, and the British protectorate of Uganda, Portuguese East and West Africa, Madagascar, Algiers and Senegal, the Republics of Argentine, Brazil and Uruguay, the Australian Confederation, comprising South and West Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, New Zealand and New Caledonia. Besides the countries above mentioned, the following are intimately connected with the general system which encircles the globe: China, the Philippines, British America, the United States, almost all the Greater and Lesser Antilles, Central and South America, Morocco at Tangier, the Azores, Island of Madeira, the Canaries and Cape Verde Islands, as well as those of Ascension and St. Helena, the Eastern and Western coasts of Africa, together with the islands of Seychelles, Maurice, Rodriguez, Cocos, and so forth.

It is estimated that the number of dispatches forwarded in 1901 by the countries above named amounted to more than 400,000,000.

ures, of which the seat should be at Sevres, near Paris. It is furthermore stipulated in that Convention, that the Bureau should perform its labors under the surveillance of an international committee, itself subject to a general Conference of weights and measures composed of all the delegates from the contracting States. This convention became operative from the first of January, 1876.

V. INTERNATIONAL UNIONS FOR THE PROTECTION OF INDUSTRIAL, LITERARY AND ARTISTIC PROPERTIES.

The Union for the Protection of Industrial Property was founded at Paris, March 20, 1883, by a convention to which 19 States were parties. They were Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Holland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Norway and Sweden, Portugal, Servia, Spain, Santo Domingo, Switzerland, Tunis, and the United States. The object of the union is to assure the protection of inventions, designs and models of an industrial character, trademarks, firm names and indications of origin. This convention was completed and modified by an additional act signed at Brussels, December 14, 1900.

Moreover, on April 14, 1891, agreements were signed at Madrid constituting restrictive unions, viz.: 1. International registration of manufacturing and trademarks and the protection of these marks in all the contracting countries by the single registration at an International Bureau. The parties to this agreement were Belgium, Brazil, France, Holland, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, and Tunis. 2. The suppression of false indications of origin: Brazil, France, Great Britain, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, and Tunis. The arrangement of 1891, concerning the international registration of Marks, completed and modified by an additional act signed at Brussels, December 14, 1900.

was

The Union for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Property, founded at Bern. September 9, 1886, comprised fourteen states: Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Germany, Haïti, Italy, Japan, Luxemburg, Monaco, Norway, Spain, Switzerland, and Tunis.

The object of this union is to assure effective protection to authors for their literary works, and to enable

artists to enjoy the same security in their artistic productions throughout the whole territory covered by the union. This convention was completed and modified by an additional act and an interpretative declaration signed at Paris, May 4, 1896. Both of these unions are represented by a separate International Bureau established at Bern, and placed under the same directorate.

VI. BUREAU FOR THE REPRESSION OF THE SLAVE TRADE ON THE AFRICAN COAST.

This bureau was instituted in the execution of the General Act of the Conference of Brussels of the 2d of July, 1890, and attached to the Department for Foreign Affairs of Belgium.

Article 81.-The Powers will communicate to the greatest extent possible and with the least possible delay:

1. The text of the existing laws and administrative regulations or edicts for the application of the clauses of the present General Act.

2. Statistical information concerning the slave trade; slaves taken and freed; the traffic in arms and ammunition, and also in spirits.

Article 82.-The exchange of these documents and circulars will be centralized in a special bureau attached to the Department of Foreign Affairs at Brussels.

Article 84.-The documents and circulars shall be collected and periodically published, and forwarded to all the signatory powers.

Article 85.-The expenses of running the bureau, of correspondence, of translation and printing, shall be met by all the signatory powers, and recovered by the Department of Foreign Affairs at Brussels.

VII. INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE PUBLICATION OF CUSTOMS TARIFFS.

The International Union for the Publication of Customs Tariffs was founded by an international convention, July 5, 1890, and concluded between fifty-two states and semi-independent colonies. The object of the union is to publish as promptly and as correctly as possible all the tariffs of the world in five languages, viz., English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish. The bureau has its seat at Brussels, and is under the direct control of the Government of Belgium. The members

of the bureau are delegates from the principal countries whose language is used in the publications.

VIII. INTERNATIONAL BUREAU OF RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION.

On October 14, 1890, an international convention upon the transportation of merchandise by railroad was concluded at Bern, between Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxemburg, Holland, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Switzerland. Denmark and Roumania came in later.

The object of this convention was to regulate the law governing international transportation between the directorates of the railways and the shippers. To facilitate the execution of this convention an international railway transportation bureau was instituted at Bern.

IX. CENTRAL BUREAU OF INTERNATIONAL GEODESY ESTABLISHED UPON THE TELEGRAPH BERG, NEAR POTSDAM. This central bureau has existed since 1866. After the creation of the Prussian Geodetic Institute it was united with the latter in 1869. The object of the Geodetic Institute is to cultivate geodesy by scientific researches, to execute the astronomical and physical determinations which, joined with the geodetic determinations, may serve in the exploration of the surface of

the earth, more particularly within Prussian territory.

The labors of the institute for the present bear more particularly upon the astronomical determinations of the vertical in longitude and latitude, as well as upon astronomical data upon as many points of the geodetic system as possible; moreover, upon the determination of zenithal distances for convenient points, also upon the determination of the density and force of gravitation; it devotes its attention, furthermore, to researches upon the mean level and variations in the sealevel; to the examining into the refraction of luminous rays by the atmosphere; finally, it is occupied with all theoretical and experimental researches which contribute to the examination of the surface and the geodesy of the country.

The Geodetic Institute is placed under the immediate supervision of the Minister of Ecclesiastical Affairs, Public Instruction, and Medical Affairs of Prussia.

The Academy of Sciences is the consulting organ of the Minister in all the important affairs of the Institute. Conformably to the conventions agreed upon between the contracting parties, the Institute performs the functions of a Central Bureau for international geodesy. The director of the bureau is at the same time director of the Institute.-Almanach de Gotha.

COMMISSION.

The fund became operative April 15, 1904, and no applications on account of heroic acts performed prior to that date will be considered. The headquarters of the fund are in Pittsburg.

By his will, Mr. Cecil Rhodes, in his desire to encourage and foster an appreciation of the advantages which will result from the union of the English-speaking people throughout the world, and to encourage in students from the United States of America an attachment to the country from which they have sprung, without withdrawing their sympathies from the land of their adoption or birth, directs his trustees to establish sixty colonial scholarships for male students of $1.500 each a year for three years at the University of Oxford, these colonial scholarships being spread over most of

the colonies, twenty-four being allotted to South Africa.

Two Oxford scholarships are to be allotted to each of the existing States and Territories of the United States of America-104 in all. By a codicil executed in South Africa, Mr. Rhodes, after stating that the German Emperor had made instruction in English compulsory in German schools, establishes fifteen scholarships for students of German birth (five in each of the first three years after his death), of $1,250 each, tenable for three years, to be nominated by the German Emperor, for "a good understanding between

England, Germany, and the United States of America will secure the peace of the world, and educational relationships form the strongest tie."

So that the students who shall be elected to the scholarships shall not be merely bookworms, regard is to be had, not only to their "literary and scholastic attainments," but also to their "fondness of and success in manly outdoor sports, qualities of manhood, truth, courage, devotion to duty, sympathy for and protection of the weak, kindliness, unselfishness, and

THE CARNEGIE

This institution was founded by Mr. Andrew Carnegie for the promotion of original research in science, literature and art. He set aside $10,100,000 for the purpose. The interest is used to conduct, endow and assist investigation in any department of science, literature, or art. and to this end co-operate with governments, uni

fellowship," moral force of character and instincts of leadership. "No student shall be qualified or disqualified for election to a scholarship on account of his race or religious opinions." The scholars are to be distributed among all the colleges of the University of Oxford, and there is to be an annual dinner of past and present scholars and trustees.

Dr. G. R. Parkin, Principal of the Upper Canada School, Toronto, was appointed organizing agent for the trustees.-"Daily Mail" Year Book.

INSTITUTION.

versities, colleges, technical schools, learned societies, and individuals. The headquarters of the institution are in Washington. Prof. D. C. Gilman is the President, and Mr. Charles D. Walcott is the Secretary. Many grants have already been made, and the investigations have been important.