in April, 1897, a reduction of 121⁄2 per cent. in the tariff on merchandise from the United Kingdom and her Colonies, while there was no reduction on merchandise from the United States. On June 30th, 1898, another reduction of 122 per cent occurred, and in 1900 the reduction was made 33 1-3 per cent. Yet, comparing the imports for consumption in 1902 with those of 1896, as shown by the Canadian Statistical Year Book, the imports from the United Kingdom have increased 16 million dollars and those from the United States, 62 million dollars, while the figures of the United States for 1903 show further increase of about 13 millions in exports to Canada. CANADA'S TRADE WITH THE U. S. A. AND GREAT BRITAIN.-In 1882, according to the Canadian Statistical Year Book above quoted, the imports of Canada from Great Britain were 50 millions, and those from the United States 48 millions. In 1902, 20 years later, those from Great Britain were 49 millions, and those from the United States 120 millions, notwithstanding the fact that the tar ff on products from Great Britain had been reduced one-third as against those from the United States. Comparing 1902 with 1882, there is a slight reduction in the imports from the United Kingdom and an increase of about 150 per cent in those from the United States. Of the 123 million dollars' worth of exports from the United States to Canada in 1903, about 20 millions were manufactures of iron and steel; 6 millions coal; 8 millions wheat, flour and corn; 4 millions agricultural implements; 3 millions cotton manufactures; and the bulk of the remainder miscellaneous manufactures. The convenience of buying from the salesman who brings the samples to the door of the purchaser and orders whatever is wanted by telephone across the border with the assurance that the goods will be delivered the next day, if desired, apparently more than balances the difference of 33 1-3 per cent in duty. U. S. A. TRADE WITH THE BRITISH EMPIRE. In general terms it may be said that the commerce between the United States and the British Empire in 1903 was over a billion dollars, of which 746 millions was exports and 325 millions imports. Of the 746 millions of exports to British territory 524 millions was to the United Kingdom; 123 millions to Canada; 33 millions to British Africa; 32 millions to Australasia and New Zealand; 10 millions to the British West Indies; and 8 millions to Hongkong. Of the 325 millions of imports from the British Empire, 191 millions was from the United Kingdom; 55 millions from Canada; 50 millions from India; 13 millions from the West Indies; and 7 millions from Hongkong. ANALYSIS OF COMMERCE, 1893-1903. -The following tables present an analysis of the commerce of the United States from 1893 to 1903: 14.83 1899 353 Year. Mills. Per Mills. Per Mills. Per Mills. Per Mills. Per Mills. Per Dolls. Cent. Dolls. Cent 11.49 24 107 14.04 87 11.41 24 92 14.95 92 15.03 26 86 12.42 107 15.36 26 4466 3.16 11 1.43 Exports of Domestic Merchandise from the U. S. A., 1893 to 1903. June Miscellaneous Total. Products. Mills. Per Mills. 30. Mills. Per Mills. Per Mills. Per Mills. Per Mills. Per Dolls. Cent. Dolls. Cent. Dolls. Cent. Dolls. Cent. Dolls. Cent. Dolls. Cent. Dolls. IMPORTS OF MERCHANDISE, BY PRINCIPAL ARTICLES AND CLASSES, IN ORDER OF MAGNITUDE IN 1903. By Edward H. Sanborn, Expert Special Agent Twelfth Census. The 1,170 establishments covered by the report produced during the census year 40,533 steam boilers, representing an aggregate of 2,928.983 horsepower, with a total value of $25,663,445. Of steam engines of all types there were manufactured 29,120, representing 2,210,727 horsepower, and valued at $28,019,971. The number of internal-combustion engines, using gas, petroleum, or other vapors, produced by these establishments was 18,531, their aggregate horsepower was 164,662, and their total value amounted to $5,579,398. There were also manufactured 2,680 water motors, including overshot and undershot wheels, turbines, and impact wheels, with an estimated total of 367,934 horsepower, and an aggregate value of $1,520,849. The totals for all primary powers, exclusive of steam boilers, were as follows: Number of units, 50,331; aggregate horsepower, 2.743,323; total value, $35,120,218. The other products of these 1,170 establishments amounted in value to $84,754,239; the amounts received for custom work and repairing reached a total of $26,664,243, and the total output of all prod ucts and all classes of work represented a value of $172,202,145. The table shows the number, aggregate horsepower, and total value of each kind of motive-power appliances produced by these establishments during the census year. 1,170 Fire tube NUMBER, AGGREGATE HORSEPOWER, AND VALUE OF PRIMARY POWERS: 1900. Number of establishments. Steam boilers: Low speed variable automatic cut-offNumber. Aggregate horsepower. Total value. Total value. $18,037,451 Aggregate horsepower. Total value. Marine Overshot or undershot water wheels: Total value. Number. 2,724 841,901 $9,755,010 18,531 164,662 $5,579,398 $12,250 658,111 Number. 957 $7,963,805 High speed variable automatic Aggregate horsepower. 55,150 $276,509 POWER, COMPARATIVE SUMMARY: 1870 TO 1900. 50,331 2,743,323 $35,120,218 Per Cent. of Increase. Primary powers, all kinds: 1890 1880 1870 68.1 17.2 Per cent of establishments reporting power to total number. Total horsepower.. Average horsepower per establishment.. Steam engines: Number.. Horsepower. 66.7 39.7 29.3 12.9 48.9 326.9 70.7 61.8 90.8 109.6 79.8 Per cent of total horse METAL-WORKING MACHINERY IN THE UNITED STATES-KIND, QUANTITY, AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1900. OUR IRON AND STEEL PRODUCTION. The statement that in 1902 forty per cent. of the pig iron in the world was produced in the United States gives one no very definite realization of the quantity of that product, though he be reminded on every hand by iron and steel ships, bridges, railroads, buildings, machinery, tools, nails, tacks, etc., ad nauseam, that this is the iron age. Even the statement that the United States last year mined over thirty million long tons of iron ore gives one no adequate impression of the vastness of this amount. On the other hand, if one should see the entire iron ore production of the year piled up in a single heap, he would readily comprehend this quantity by a comparison of the pile with familiar objects in the landscape. This shows us that it is large numbers instead of large quantities which confuse the mind; for example, the statement that a wagon holds over 30,000,000 grains of coal would give a person a very hazy idea of the actual quantity specified, but he would immediately comprehend the quantity if told that it represented two tons; for a larger unit of weight would be used, thereby reducing the count to a figure well within the mental grasp. Thus in trying to represent to our readers just how large are the quantities of materials used in the iron and steel industry, we have endeavored to choose larger units of measurement; and finding that our standard measures are far too small for the purpose, we have resorted to the use of familiar landmarks as bases of comparison. As a unit of bulk, no larger single |