The following table classifies these vessels in 1903, according to speed and flag: MOTIVE POWER AND CHIEF MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION OF THE WORLD'S MERCHANT MARINE. Vessels built in the world (over 100 tons), according to Lloyd's (including vessels not recorded in Lloyd's). FOREIGN CARRYING TRADE-UNITED STATES. The following statement of the value of imports and exports carried in United States and in foreign vessels, and the tonnage of entries and Imports. clearances from 1821 to 1903, is furnished by the Bureau of Statistics, Treasury Department: Fiscal Year In Cars and In American In Foreign In Cars and HILI 1875. 157,872,726 149,317,368 503,494,913 262,839,588 199,732 324 329,786,978 156,385,066 82,001,691 501,838,949 720,770,521 636,004,765 77,502,138. 747,376,644 1880. 1885. $13,083,859 1890. 443,513,801 $7,304,376 33,201,988 108,229,615 590,538,362 49,902,754 44,412,509 104,304,940 701,223,735 66,208,195 110,483,141 62,277,581 91,028.200 1895. 1900. 1903. Note. 695,357,830 1,193,220,689 1,190,258,178 The amounts carried in cars and other land vehicles were not separately stated prior to July 1, 1870. Exports are stated in mixed gold and currency values from 1862 to 1869 inclusive. DIMENSIONS OF THE LARGEST FAST OCEAN STEAMERS. The largest and in many respects the highest type of marine architecture is to be found in the modern ocean greyhound for transatlantic trade. In recent years the rival companies have vied with each other in the effort to excel, and steamships of larger size, greater speed, and more perfect equipment have followed each other, until it would seem that the limit had been reached. In the accompanying table the largest and most recent steamers are placed in comparison with the "Great Eastern." SPEEDS OF OCEAN GREYHOUNDS. The following tables show the fast recorded times in which journeys have been made between English ports and The Atlantic those of the United States, Canada, India, China, Burmah, Australia, South Africa, and the West Indies. E. Sailing eastward. W. Sailing westward. -Daily Mail Year Book, 1904 FIRST STEAMBOATS, PIONEER SAILINGS, AND 1707. Denis Papin experimented on River Fulda with paddle-wheel steamboat. 1736. Jonathan Hulls patented designs similar to modern paddle boat. 1769. James Watt invented a double-acting side-lever engine. 1783. Marquess of Jouffrey made experiments in France. 1785. James Ramsey, in America, propelled a boat with steam through a stern-pipe. 1785 Robert Fitch, in America, propelled a boat with canoe-paddles fixed to a moving beam. 1787. Robert Miller, of Edinburgh, tried primitive manual machinery. 1788. Miller, with Symington, produced a double-hull stern-wheel steamboat. 1802. Charlotte Dundas, the first practical steam tugboat, designed by Symington. 1804. Phoenix, screw-boat designed by Stephens in New York; first steamer to make a sea voyage. 1807. Clermont, first passenger steamer continuously employed; built by Fulton in U. S.A. 1812. Comet, first passenger steamer continuously employed in Europe; built by Miller in Scotland. 1818. Rob Roy, first sea-trading steamer in the world, built at Glasgow. 1819. Savannah, first auxiliary steamer, paddle wheels, to cross the Atlantic; built in New York. 1821. Aaron Manby, first steamer (English canal boat) built of iron. 1823. City of Dublin Steam Packet Co. was established. 1824. General Steam Navigation Co. was established at London. 1824. George Thompson & Co. (Aberdeen Line), were established. 1825. Enterprise made the first steam passage to India. 1825. William Fawcett, pioneer steamer of the P. & O. S. N. Co. 1830. T. & J. Harrison (Harrison Line) were established at Liverpool. 1832. Elburkah, iron steamer, took a private exploring party up the Niger. 1836. Austrian Lloyd Steam Navigation Co. established at Trieste. 1837. Francis B. Ogden, first successful screw tugboat; fitted with Ericsson's propeller. 1838. Archimedes, made the Dover-Calais passage under two hours, fitted with Smith's propeller. 1838. R. F. Stockton, built for a tugboat, fitted with Ericsson's propeller, sailed to America; first iron vessel to cross the Atlantic; first screw steamer used in America. 1839. Thames, pioneer steamer of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Co. 1839. George Smith & Sons (City Line) were established at Glasgow. 1840. Britannia, pioneer steamer of the Cunard Line. 1840. Chile, pioneer steamer of the Pacific Steam Navigation Co. 1845. Great Britain, first iron screw steamer, precursor of modern Atlantic steamer. 1845. Thos. Wilson, Sons & Co., Ltd. (Wilson Line), established at Hull. 1847. Pacific Mail Steamship Co. established in America. 1849. Houlder Brothers & Co. established at London.. 1850. Bullard, King & Co. (Natal Line) established at London. 1850. Messageries Maritimes de France established. 1850. Inman (now American) Line, established at Liverpool. 1851. Tiber, first steamer of the Bibby Line, established 1821 at Liverpool. 1852. Forerunner, pioneer steamer of the African Steamship Co. 1853. Union Steamship Co. was established (now Union-Castle Line.) 1853. Borussia, first steamer of the Hamburg-American Packet Co., established 1847. 1854. Canadian, first steamer of the Allan Line, established 1820. 1855. British India Steam Navigation Co. was established. 1856. Tempest, first steamer Anchor Line. 1858. Bremen, first Atlantic steamer of the Norddeutscher Lloyd, established 1856. 1834. Lloyd's Register for British and Foreign Shipping established. 1858. Great Eastern launched into Thames. Jan. 31; commenced, May 1, 1854. the -Whittaker's Almanac. |