ing left Wellington, December 6, 1902, and returned to the same place March 25, 1903, bringing reports of the successful work of the main expedition. The Discovery reached Cape Adare, the northernmost point of Victoria Land, January 9, 1902, and followed the coast south; from Mt. Erebus the ship skirted the wall of ice, discovered by Ross, as far as longitude 165 deg. E., where it turned more to the north. Behind the ice wall reared the highlands covered with glaciers which Ross had sighted. Under 67 deg. N. and 152 deg. 30 min. E. the ship reached its farthest point, whence it returned to Victoria Land to go into winter quarters in MacMurdo Bay, near the volcano Mt. Erebus, in longitude 174 deg. E. Sledge journeys began in September, 1902. The one led by Captain Scott marched for three months, attaining a point under 82 deg. 17 min., which surpassed Borchgrevink's 78 deg. 50 min. by nearly 32 deg. A second sledge party, commanded by Lieutenant Armitage, turned westward of Erebus, and during a march of fifty-two days reached an elevation of 9,000 feet. This is the more noteworthy since all the dogs died, supposedly from spoiled provisions. The Morning found the Discovery still in winter quarters, and when the rescuers departed the Discovery seemed still fast in the ice. Late in 1903 the Morning and the whaler Terra Nova were refitted and started on a second expedition to the relief of the Discovery. The latter was found on February 14 and the three vessels returned to Lyttleton, New Zealand, on April 1, 1904. Among the chief results of the expedition was the discovery that Mount Erebus and Mount Terror are on a small island, and that there is a large land mass lying west and southwest of the ice barrier, with ice plateaus 9,000 feet in height and peaks which reach to 14,000. It was discovered that the ice barrier is afloat, though fed from land, and that high land lies to the southeast of the hitherto unknown extremity of the barrier. THE GERMAN EXPEDITION, which entered the ice-pack south of the Indian Ocean on February 13, 1902, left it on April 9, 1903, and returned from a voyage highly fruitful of scientific results, although not comparable with the voyage of the Discovery in sensational experiences. Incidentally it has swept away the Termination Land of Wilkes, passed the winter in the close pack, carried out numerous and important sledge journeys, discovered new land (called Kaiser Wilhelm II. Coast), and actually reached land in the solitary peak called the Gaussberg. Balloons were used successfully during the expedition. The farthest south was 66 deg. 2 min., and the ship was frozen for many months in ice 30 feet thick. THE SWEDISH EXPEDITION, under Captain Otto Nordenskjöld, left Europe in October, 1901, and entered the Antarctic regions in February, 1902. The ship returned from the Falkland Islands to Graham's Land in March, 1902, went south again in the southern summer of 1902-1903. With the assistance of the Swedish government the Norwegian steamer Frithjof was dispatched for the relief of the Antarctic, whose commander, by the way, is Captain Larsen, well known for his Antarctic voyage in the Jason. To the Republic of Argentine, which sent the gunboat Uraguay, belongs the honor of having rescued the Swedish expedition, which was found at Snow Hill on Louis Philippe Land in desperate straits, their vessel having been crushed by the ice and sunk on February 12, 1903. THE SCOTTISH EXPEDITION, on the Scotia, under the command of Mr. W. S. Bruse (formerly of the Jackson-Harmsworth expedition), set sail on November 3, 1902, for what is known as the Weddell quadrant of the Antarctic regions, with the intention of following in the wake of Captain Jas. Weddell, who reached a high southern latitude in open sea. This route was advisedly selected, as the Scottish expedition is devoting its attention to oceanographical work. Captain Robertson, the well-known whaling skipper, commanded the Scotia. Contrary to expectation, the Scotia wintered in the ice, and no further news of her has yet been received. THE FRENCH EXPEDITION, under the command of Dr. Charcot, sailed from Havre in August, 1903, to explore Alexander Land. The original plan of the expedition was to explore Nova Zembla, but just then the Swedish expedition was causing a great deal of anxiety, and it was decided to direct the expedition toward the South Pole in search of Nordenskjöld. The rescue of the Swedish expedition then left Dr. Charcot free to make explorations in Antarctic gions. re 1 Exclusive of intercolonial_commerce, but including gold and silver. 2 Including gold 5 French Africa. Includes French possessions in India and French Indo-China, viz., the feudatory States. 8 Included under Sweden. Sa Exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii. OF THE WORLD, THEIR TOTAL FOREIGN COMMERCE, AND Statistics, Department of Commerce and Labor. and silver. 2a Not included in total. 3 Year ending June 30. 4 Included under Russia. Cochin China, Tonkin, Annam, Cambodia, and Laos. 7 Including area and population of 9 Estimated. Comparative sizes of the most important Cities of the World according to population. Expressed in Thousands. London (4.6,00) with suburbs U.S. Japan 1910 1820: 300 Russia 330 1800-300 300 maia 1.300 1800: 22 1.150 1820: 600 Turkey 1800: 2 V.S Feku Siangtan Singanfa Changchard Tien Tsin Glasgow 930 1820 250 1.000 1000 China 60,00 Ching Scotlar India 1500 500 600 Chind Hamburg Budapest 8.25 1810:-400 1800100 1800 60 England Thing Russid 1850 90 Argentina Санга 6.80 |