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(59) This Indian was not a Sachem. He was merely an orator, and actually in the pay of the French, who called him Grande Gueule. De Meule (Col. Doc. ix. 247) calls him a "fycophant who feeks merely a good dinner and a real buffoon." His real Indian name, as given by the French, was Hotreouati, Hateouati, or Oureouati. La Hontan,

or his editor, ignorant of this, and wishing to give his name an Indian turn, transformed Grande Gueule into Grangula, or, as he afterwards wrote it, Garangula. No fuch Indian name occurs. Morgan, in his lift of Onondaga fachem names, gives Hosahaho, Large Mouth, but this differs too much from Hotrewati for us to fuppofe them identical. Charlevoix, i. 527, ftrangely confounds him with Tegannehout, the Seneca. De la Barre fays that fifteen. deputies met him.

(60) La Hontan, i. 48. De la Barre's speech, as originally reported, is in the Documentary Hiftory.

(61) This well-known fpeech, as given here, is taken from La Hontan, Nouveaux Voyages, I. 5155. The speech of Hotreouati, with the replies of Father Bruyas on behalf of De la Barre, will be found as given by the latter in O'Callaghan's Documentary Hiftory, i. 77. La Hontan's is evidently dreffed up for his own purposes.

(62) Carachkondie is the Garakontie of the French. The one here alluded to, though confounded by Charlevoix with the great Daniel Garakontie, the far-seeing and enlightened chief of Onondaga, was his brother and fucceffor, and in every way an inferior man. Daniel Garakontie died in 1677. (Rela

tion

tion de la Nouvelle France, 1673-9, Miffion du Canada, ii. 202.

(62 bis, p. 92) This direct aid to the Iroquois in their attacks on the French pofts, with that afforded them in the massacre of the French at Lachine, opened the terrible border wars which form fuch a bloody page in our Colonial hiftory. The French, accepting the alternative, welcomed the remnants of the New England Indians, burning with all the fenfe of wrongs endured, and ufed them for effectually that we may well doubt the wisdom of what Colden here applauds.

(63) The Outagamies are the Foxes, the Kickabous, the Kickapoos: the Mafkoutuh or Maskutick-properly Mafkoutench, have now disappeared as a tribe, but were evidently part of or closely allied to the Kickapoo nation, into which they feem to have been abforbed. They were all Algonquin tribes, as were the Malhominies and Putewatemies mentioned fubfequently. The Puans, fo called from their having come from the fea, or Fetid Water, are the Winnebagoes, a Dacotah tribe, who style themfelves Otchagra.

(64) As to the bad faith of the Ottawas on this occafion, fee Charlevoix, i. 513.

(65) McGregory's expedition was, under the circumstances, bold enough, and was based on a strange notion of French forbearance. The French officer fent to arrest him was Mr. de la Durantaye (Charlevoix, i. 515). For a fketch of McGregory, who was killed by Leifler, fee Col. Doc. iii. 395 n.

(66) The Chief in French interest was Nanfouakouet. (De la Potherie, ii. 201.)

(67) This account is from De la Potherie, ii. 203.

(68) De la Potherie, ii. 205. La Hontan, i. 96, afcribes this capture to de Luth.

(69) Charlevoix (vol. i. p. 516) attributes the final action of the Ottawas and Hurons to the influence of Father Anjelran, and fays that but for him Michilimackinac would have been in the hands of the English and Iroquois.

(70) Rev. John de Lamberville, S. J. It is extraordinary that Colden omits all mention of the feizure of the chiefs at Fort Frontenac, and of the noble conduct of Garacontie in obtaining for the missionary leave to depart. Charlevoix, i. 504, 510.

(71) By his confeffion, the English now furnished the Iroquois, their fubjects, with material of war to attack the French colonies in the Weft, after making the furnishing of ammunition to their Indians, by the French, an illegal act. Dongan in fact began war with France.

(72) Colden does not inform us when the English authorities, or the officers fent with the Indian parties, prevented fimilar acts.

(73) Mifprinted Trondequat in the English edi

tions.

(74) For Denonville's expedition see Charlevoix, i. 516; De la Potherie, ii. 207; La Hontan, i. 78; Col.

Col. Doc., ix. 358-369. The Indian reports to the authorities at Albany are in O'Callaghan's Documentary History, i. 151-4. According to O. H. Marshall, Esq., whofe investigation of this action is given in the Proceedings of the N. Y. Hiftorical Society, the battle was fought at Boughton Hill, in the town of Victor, Ontario county, where the railroad croffes the road. The fubfequent proceedings of the Onondagas, Cayugas and Oneidas are given in the Col. Doc. ix. 384.

(75) Ohfwego lake is Erie, and Cadarackui On

tario.

(76) The feizure of Iroquois chiefs, lured to Fort Frontenac, is one of the most striking events of Canadian history.

(77) The affumption of fovereignty is a step due to Dongan, and the further affumption that all territory between the Mohawk and the most remote part of an Iroquois raid a conquest for England, delightfully abfurd.

(78) The first act of hoftility was the plundering of Frenchmen going to Illinois, a French colony, by men whom Dongan recognized as English subjects.

(79) Lifpenard, whofe name is ftill preserved in one of the streets of New York city, made a report, which is in N. Y. Doc. History, i. 155.

(80) The English occupation of New York being fo recent, and fo unjuft, it is not eafy to fee how

the

the English claims could become such a gaudy hawkmoth out of the modeft Dutch caterpillar.

(81) It is not eafy to explain who these terrible North Indians and Mohegans were, but apparently fome band of Mohegans driven out by the Iroquois and become in French hands a scourge of the English.

(82) The propofal of Dongan to plant these Indians at Saratoga was doubtlefs fincere, though he did not pretend that he would protect them against their pagan countrymen, whofe violence had driven them into exile. He certainly fent to England for Jefuits to direct them, and we know that Father Charles Gage, Father Thomas Harvey and Father Henry Harrifon actually came to New York for the purpose. (N. Y. Col. Doc. iii. 73.)

(83) Mifprinted Tames in English editions.

(84) De Nonville does not lofe by comparison here.

(85) For this account of Adario or Kondiaronk's treachery, fee La Hontan, i. 192. Charlevoix, i. 535, adopts it as true.

(86) La Hontan, i. 193. Charlevoix gives loss of French at 200. (See De la Potherie, ii. 229.)

(87) For this abandonment of Fort Frontenac fee La Hontan, i. 195, Charlevoix, i. 550. Smith, in his History of New York, makes it a territorial conqueft of the Mohawks, and confequently of Great Britain!

(88)

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