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facturing industries. He continued in active business until a year or two before his death. He was elected to this society, as a life member, April 14th, 1890.

GEORGE C. STONE was born in Shrewsbury, Mass., November 11th, 1822, and died in Duluth, Minn., October 25th, 1900. At the age of fourteen years he removed, with his father and family, to St. Louis, Mo. After reaching manhood, he was engaged in mercantile business, and as a banker, in Bloomington (now Muscatine), Iowa, in Chicago, and in New York and Philadelphia. In the year 1869 he came to Duluth, and thenceforward was actively interested in the upbuilding of that city, and in the development of the natural resources of northeastern Minnesota. To Mr. Stone, perhaps more than to any other one man, was due the railroad building and mining which have placed Minnesota in the front rank of the states of the Union in respect to the production of iron ore. He was elected a life member of this society June 11th, 1883.

WILLIAM S. STRYKER, who was elected to corresponding membership in this society February 8th, 1897, was born in Trenton, N. J., June 6th, 1838; and died October 29th, 1900. He graduated at Princeton in 1858; served in the Civil War; was admitted to the bar in 1866; and was adjutant general of New Jersey during more than thirty years, from 1867. He was president of the Society of Cincinnati in the State of New Jersey, and of the New Jersey Historical Society; was com piler of "Officers and Men of New Jersey in the Revolutionary War," and of a similar but larger work, in two volumes, giving the roster of this state in the Civil War; and was author of numerous historical pamphlets and books, including a volume published in 1898, entitled "The Battles of Trenton and Princeton."

GEORGE W. SWEET was born in Hartford, Conn., September 20th, 1823; and died in Havre, Montana, March 14th, 1898. He came to Minnesota during President Pierce's administration as register of the United States Land Office at Sauk Rapids. He was a member of the second state legislature

in 1859-60. Later he resided in St. Paul, and was the attorney of the Northern Pacific Railroad Company during the building of its line from St. Paul to Bismarck, North Dakota. Afterward he lived in Bismarck, platted that town, and practiced law there. In 1890 he removed to Havre, and was also engaged there in the practice of law. He was elected to life membership in this society May 6th, 1858.

CHARLES L. WILLIS was born in Erie, Pa., August 18th, 1819; and died at his home in St. Paul, June 29th, 1898. He graduated at the Harvard Law School in 1847, and came to Minnesota in 1850, settling in St. Paul, where he ever afterward resided. During many years he was engaged in the practice of law, and also had considerable interests in real estate here, and in Superior and Ashland, Wisconsin. He was elected a life member of this society January 15th, 1856.

JOHN C. WISE was born in Hagerstown, Md., September 4th, 1834; came to Minnesota in 1859, settling at Mankato, where through the remainder of his life he was an enterprising and influential editor; and died at his home in that city November 17th, 1900. He began publication of the Mankato Record in 1859, and was its editor nine years. In 1869 he founded the Mankato Review, which he edited thirty-one years, until his death. He was a prominent Democrat, was a delegate to the presidential nominating conventions in 1872 and 1884, and was the postmaster of Mankato during a part of each of the administrations of President Cleveland. He was elected to life membership in this society January 10th, 1898.

INDEX.

Academies, 603, 608.

Accau, Michel, 225, 227, 231, 232.
Acton, 434.

Adams, Franklin G., obituary sketch,
671.

Adams, Rev. Moses N., 439, 445, 450;

The Sioux Outbreak in the Year
1862, with Notes of Missionary
Work among the Sioux, 431-452;
see Contents.

Afton, saw mills, 305.

Agricultural Society, Redwood coun-
ty, 286.

Agriculture of the Ojibways, 77, 332;
of the Sioux, 396.
Aitkin, William A., 370.
Aiton, Rev. John F., 450.

Algonquin Indians and languages,
128, 129.

Algonquin, schooner on lake Superior,
263.

America, sung at Fiftieth Anniver-
sary, 636.

American Board of Foreign Missions,
204, 292, 436.

American Fur Company, 13, 147, 163,
164, 165, 167, 169, 170, 199, 243,
366, 369.

Ames, Michael E., 562.

Ames William L., 318.
Anawag-ma-ne, Simon, 447, 579.
Anglo-American alliance, 496.
Anian, straits of, 230, 231.
Anniversary, Fiftieth, of Minnesota
Historical Society, 549-636; see
Contents.

Annuities of the Ojibways, 74, 85, 97,
104, 120-123.

of the Sioux, 132, 280, 370, 432, 433,
580.

Anoka, first sawmills, 351.
Apple river, Wis., sawmills, 306.
Aquipaguetin, Sioux chief, 227, 229.
Arbitration of the San Juan boundary,
50-53.

Arcola, sawmills, 316.
Argyll, Duke of, 142.

Asiatic origin of American Indians,
108.

Astor, John Jacob, 7, 13, 503.
Astor expedition, 503.
Astoria, 504.

Atchison, Capt. John, 326, 389.

44

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Baasen, Francis, 284.

Babbitt, Miss Frances E., 3.
Babcock, Lorenzo A., 152, 561, 562.
Babyhood, Ojibway, 86.

Bad Boy, Ojibway Chief, 132.
Bailey, William C., 272.
Bailly, Alexis, 154, 584.

Baker, Gen. James H., 622; History
of Transportation in Minnesota,
1-34; see Contents.

Baltimore, Md., 364.

Bancroft, George, quoted, 453.
Banking in Minnesota, 593.
Bardon, James, 263.

Barnes, Thomas G., 263.

Barnett, Rev. John M., 274, 275, 278.
Bass, Jacob W., 146.
Bathing, Ojibway, 98.

Battles of Ojibways and Sioux, 105,
314, 315, 373, 374.

Baynes, Rear Admiral, 44, 45, 47.
Bazalgette, Captain, 47, 52.
Beaulieu, Paul, 61.

Beaver Bay, 250.

Becker, Hon. George L., 162, 563, 566.
Beef Slough, 321.
Beginnings of the Episcopal Church
in Minnesota, and the Early Mis-
sions of Park Place, St. Paul, pa-
per by Bishop M. N. Gilbert, 181-
196.
Bemidji, 107.

Benton, Hon. Thomas H.,
488, 506.

Berkeley, Bishop George, 508.
Berry-picking by Ojibways, 71.
Bigelow, Horace R., 200.

quoted,

Biographic Notes of Old 'Settlers, pa-
per by Hon. Henry L. Moss, 143-
162; see Contents.

Biographic Sketches, with History of
Lumbering in the St. Croix Val-
ley, paper by William H. C. Fol-
som, 291-324; see Contents.

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Biographic Sketches, with History of
Pioneer Lumbering on the Upper
Mississippi and its Tributaries,
paper by Daniel Stanchfield, 325-
362; see Contents.

Birch Coulie, battle, 400, 401, 441-446.
Birum Brothers, 287.

Bishop, Harriet E., 154, 157.

Black, Mahlon, 155.

Black Hills, South Dakota, 668.
Blaine, Hon. James G., quoted, 506.
Blair, Hon. Frank P., Jr., 173.
Blakeley, Capt. Russell, 16, 17, 19,
27, 157, 160, 389, 391, 549, 578,
583, 585, 597; obituary sketch, 665-
670.

Boal, James McClellan, 148.
Bonaparte, Joseph, 478, 639.
Bonaparte, Napoleon, 472, 478, 482,
484, 489, 527-540, 621, 660.
Bonga, George and Jack, 199, 584;
also see Bungo.

Boom, logging, St. Anthony, 343.
Boom Company, St. Croix, 317.
Borup, Charles W. W., 13, 151, 199,
201, 341, 348, 584, 593.

Botany, progress of science and teach-
ing, 612-614.

Bottineau, Pierre, 329, 354, 367, 377.
Bottineau, Severre, 329, 338, 353, 354.
Boundaries, original, of the United
States, 1783, 522.

Boundaries of the Louisiana purchase,
485-490, 500-507, 521, 535-540.
Boundaries of Minnesota as Territory
and State, 544-546.

Boundary, eastern, of Minnesota, 145,
294, 296, 324, 544.

Boundary, northwestern, of United

States, in the San Juan archipel-
ago, 35-54.
Bourne, W. E., 309.

Boutwell, Rev. William T., 220, 247,
248, 273.

Bowron, Hon. Joseph, 301, 307, 308.
Bradbury brook, 331.

Brass, Mrs. Maggie (Snana), Narra-

tion of a Friendly Sioux, 427-430.
Breck, Rev. James Lloyd, 104, 130,
182-195, 205, 206.

Breckenridge, Hon. John, quoted, 498.
Bremer, Fredrika, 185. 315.
Brewster, Mass., 659, 663.
Brisbin, Hon. John B., 156.
Brower, Hon. J. V., 5, 573.
Brown, A. Vance, 593.
Brown, Edwin H., 277.

Brown, Joseph R., 7, 179, 293, 298,
300, 342, 375, 427, 442, 584.
Brownell, George W., 296.
Brunson, Benjamin W., 154, 161, 251.
Brunson, Ira B., 161, 378.

Buchanan, President James, 41, 46.

Buchanan, St. Louis county, 272.

Buckhart, Charles, 307, 308.

Buckingham, F. A., 255, 256.

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Cadotte, Jean Baptiste, 243.
California, 379, 547, 595.
Cambridge, Minn., 330, 342.
Camp Release, 393, 418-422, 426.
Campbell, Scott, 367, 369, 372.
Canal de Haro, 37-52.

Canals, transportation, 14.
Canby, Gen. E. S., 53.

Canoe transportation, 2-14, 76, 94,
111.

Capital of Minnesota, proposed re-
moval to St. Peter, 155.
Captivity among the Sioux, August

18 to September 26, 1862, paper
by Mrs. N. D. White, 395-426;
see Contents.

Carey, Hon. John R., 255, 261, 269;
History of Duluth, and of St.
Louis County, to the Year 1870,
241-278; see Contents.

Carli, Mrs., 375.

Carlton, Reuben B., 250.
Carlton county, 250, 277, 310.
Carondelet, Baron de, 470, 471.
Carpenter, C. W., 667.

Carrothers, Mrs. James, 404, 403.
Mrs. David, 422.
Carter, Sibyl, 136.

Carter, William G., 375, 376.
Carver, Jonathan, 6.

Casey, Lt. Col. Silas, 43-48.

Cass, Gen. Lewis, 13, 49, 220, 244,
324, 547, 576.

Cass lake, 220.

Cass Lake Ojibways, 72, 78, 80, 90,
96, 98, 101.

Caster, T. W., 281, 283.
Cathcart, Alexander H., obituary

sketch, 671.

Cattle, neglect by Ojibways, 101.
Cavalier, Charles, 149, 165.
Cedar Lake, 401.

Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniver-

sary of the Minnesota Historical
Society, 549-636; see Contents.
Census statistics, 590, 595.

Chalmers, William, 304.

Chants of Ojibways, 66; of Sioux,
418.

Charette, Joseph, 74.

Charlevoix, quoted, 236.

Chase, Aaron M., 306.

Chaskedan, friendly Sioux, 447.

Cheever, Benjamin, 328.

Chess playing, 203.

Chiefs, Ojibway, 74.

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Childhood, Ojibway, 86.

Children, Ojibway affection for their,
64, 85; abandonment, 85; mortal-
ity, 97, 125.

Chippewa Indian Commission, 125.
Chippewa river, Wis., lumbering, 321,
323.

Chippewas; see Ojibways.
Cholera, 383, 390.

Chouteau, Pierre, Jr., 166, 366.
Chouteau, Pierre, Jr., and Co., 7, 13,
341.

Christianity among Ojibways, 60, 61,
75, 79, 84, 94, 125, 128, 129-142,
586.

among Sioux, 208, 428, 446-452, 579,
586.

Churches, first in Duluth, etc., 273,
274,

Circleville, Ohio, 560.

Civil War, volunteers from St. Louis
county, 271.

Civilization and Christianization of
the Ojibways in Minnesota, paper
by Bishop Henry B. Whipple, 129-
142.

Clam river, Wis., sawmills, 313.
Clark, Hon. Greenleaf, 549.

Clark, Thomas, 250.

Clark, Capt. William, 503.

Clarke, Robert, obituary sketch, 672.
Clearwater, first sawmills, 352.
Cleveland, President, 141.
Clifton, 253.

Climate of Minnesota, 270, 394, 589.
Clitherall, Major George B., 210, 211.
Cloquet, 312.

Cloud Man, a Sioux, 435.
Clough, Col. William P., 549, 622;

The Work of the Minnesota His-
torical Society through Fifty
Years in preserving Minnesota
History, and its Duty to the Fu-
ture, 627-636.

Coburn, R. G., 264, 265.

Cold, endurance of, by Ojibways, 68,
69; decreased, 270.
Colleges, 604, 615, 632.

Columbia river, discovery, 500, 503.
Columbus, Ohio, 640.

Commerce of lake Superior, 21-23.
Congress, Minnesota in the National,

during Fifty Years, paper by Gen.
John B. Sanborn, 623-626.
Connecticut, 513, 525, 571, 615, 675.
Connelly, Colonel, 464, 465.
Constitutional Convention, 1857, 174.
Consumption, among Ojibways, 125.
Cooper, Hon. David, 159, 561, 562.
Copway, George, 248.

Corn, cultivated by Ojibways, 77; by
Sioux, 396.

Corwin, Hon. Thomas, 564, 649.

Cottage Grove, 152, 189, 372.

Cottonwood river, 281.

Coues, Dr. Elliott, obituary sketch,
672.

Councils of Ojibways, 82, 125, 137,

138.

Counties of northeastern Minnesota,
244.

Coureurs des bois, 11, 363.
Cowell, William G., 272.
Cox, William S., 200, 201.
Crawford county, 300, 324.
Creameries, 592.

Crooks, Hester, 248, 292.
Crooks, Ramsay, 7, 13, 19, 248.
Crooks, Col. William, 642.
Cross, George F., 360.
Crow Wing, 93, 132, 151.
Crozat, 540.

Cruisers, for lumbering, 344, 353.
Culver, Col. Joshua B., 250, 251, 253,
255, 257, 269, 271, 272, 278.
Cushing, Hon. Caleb, 295, 327, 328,
333, 339.

Custer, Gen. George A., quoted, 580.

Daggett, George H., 549.

Dairy industry, 592.

Dakota Indians, 432, 434, 446-449,

451, 557; see Sioux.

Dakota Lexicon, 563.

Dakotah (now part of Stillwater), 300,
302.

Daly, Judge Charles P., obituary
sketch, 672.

Dances of Ojibways, 114-117, 121,
123; of Sioux, 117, 416.
Daniels, Dr. J. W., 222, 579.
Davis, Hon. Cushman K., 601; Prog-

ress of the United States during
the Half Century, 617-622.
Davis, Samuel M., Hennepin as Dis-

coverer and Author, 222-240; The

Dual Origin of Minnesota, 519-
548; for each, see Contents.
Dawson, William, 188; obituary
sketch, 673.

Dawson route from Lake Superior to
the Lake of the Woods, 16.
Debts, of Ojibways, 73, 97.
DeCamp family, 448.

Decres, 482, 487, 488, 527, 528, 538.
Deer, 57, 99, 100, 589.
DeGraff, Andrew, 641, 642.
DeMichel, on Hennepin, quoted, 235.
Democratic party, 168-180, 209-211,
507.

Dewey, Dr. John J., 149, 165.
Dismemberment of the Union, Span-

ish Intrigues for, and the Louis-
iana Purchase, paper by Nathan-
iel P. Langford, 453-508; see Con-
tents.

District schools, 606-608.
Dodd, John Van Ingen, 209.

Dodge, Gov. Henry, 292.

Dog feast, of Sioux, 415.
Dog trains, 21, 270.

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