We should offer similar opportunities to those now provided in law, in medicine, and in the other professions. I feel that we need more veterinarians and we should offer the same opportunities to our students who would like to take veterinary medicine.

When we, who advise preveterinary students and high school students of their possible interest in veterinary medicine; as we get letters day by day indicating their interest, and we know that when they are qualified, they won't be able to take veterinary medicine, this is quite discouraging to us, who are in the educational institutions.

I feel, as I pointed out, that adequate veterinary services would provide insurance against the importation of diseases, as Dr. Price mentioned. I would just give this additional example: We imported piroplasmosis from Cuba which jeopardized a $25 million industry. The research that we have carried on there along with those in the medical school at the University of Miami and the medical school at Florida has enabled us to prove that we can treat and eradicate this disease. And this tool or model can be used similarly as the use of atabrine and other compounds for eliminating malaria in man.

One of the witnesses, Dr. George Harrell, this morning pointed up the opportunities for veterinarians to serve in animal colonies-laboratory colonies-as far as providing "standardized animals."

I think that, with the training our veterinarians get in the medical schools and in the laboratory animal colonies, this additional experience plus what they have learned in the veterinary school, makes them a part of a surgical team and they then are contributing both to medical education and veterinary problems. I think this would summarize the points included in my statement.

Mr. JARMAN. That is an excellent statement, Dr. Edds. I thank you for your being here.

Mr. Rogers?

Mr. ROGERS of Florida. It is a pleasure to see you here and I think your statement was excellent and very helpful. I also read it over and I think the point that you make the points you make are good points on the increased demand.

I personally had experience with what you told about, the fact that students in our own State have had difficulty to obtain training. I often get letters from young men who say, "Where can I go? What can I do? Because I can't get accepted at Auburn." So I know of the problem we have in our State and I would hope I would be hopeful if we could draw this legislation where it would be helpful. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. JARMAN. The next witness is Dr. N. D. Petschulat, of the Animal Health Institute.

STATEMENT OF N. D. PETSCHULAT, ANIMAL HEALTH INSTITUTE

Dr. PETSCHULAT. Mr. Chairman, committeemen, I am N. D. Petschulat and I am employed by the industry which manufactures animal health drugs. The Animal Health Institute, a trade association of corporations in this industry, fully supports this bill and has prepared an endorsing statement which has been submitted to the clerk under the signature of Mr. Hollis Brower, president of the Animal Health Institute.

The executive secretary of the Animal Health Institute, Mr. Robert Brouse, has asked that I supplement the AHI statement with a few words about the role and demand for veterinarians in industry, if that is all right with the chairman.

Mr. JARMAN. The statement will be made a part of the record. (The statement of the Animal Health Institute follows:)

STATEMENT OF THE ANIMAL HEALTH INSTITUTE, WASHINGTON, D.C., SUBMITTED BY HOLLIS H. BROWER, PRESIDENT

The Animal Health Institute, organized in 1941, is an industry organization representing manufacturers of animal products for use in the therapeutic, prophylactic and nutrition fields. Our members produce over 90 per cent of the animal drugs, animal health and nutritive products used in agriculture and in the practice of veterinary medicine.

We support H.R. 490.

Because of the many witnesses scheduled to be heard today in support of the "Construction of Veterinary Medical Schools Bill," we respectfully submit this written endorsement. If future additional hearings are scheduled, we request the opportunity to appear and present such detailed testimony as may be appropriate.

We are confident that our colleagues from the veterinary and agricultural institutions will, in the course of these hearings, fully document the expanding needs for veterinarians in practice, government, teaching and research. We wish to express to you our deep interest and concern with respect to the need for large numbers of well-trained veterinarians in industry.

Veterinarians are found in nearly all disciplines of corporate function, but mostly in research and clinical development capacities. Other common responsibilities of the D.V.M. in industry are in manufacturing (biologicals), quality control, pathology, pharmacology, toxicology, disease control (diagnostic laboratories), marketing and management. Their role in the development of products in the animal health field is matched by their vital participation in the research and development of human drugs. In our considered opinion, the contribution of the veterinarian is essential in all areas of medicine.

Although industry's requirements for trained veterinarians have increased dramatically in recent years, the number of trained graduates provided by veterinary medical schools each year to meet the needs of agriculture, government, education, research, small-animal practice, and industry has not kept pace.

We estimate that over 600 veterinarians are employed in the animal health and nutrition industry today. Three years ago we employed less than half that number. With continued emphasis on research, and an ever-increasing expenditure for product development, we project industry's needs for trained veterinarians will more than double again in the next five years.

The success of animal agriculture, as it rises to meet the challenge of an evergrowing demand for protein foods, will depend heavily on the ability of the animal health industry to fight off the attacks of pests and diseases that limit animal protein production. The animal health industry depends upon the skills and knowledge of properly trained veterinarians.

We are confronted with the need for ever-larger numbers of well-trained, scientifically oriented personnel. In recent years veterinary medical education facilities have not expanded to a degree sufficient to meet the combined needs of agriculture, industry and small-animal practice. We therefore feel that passage of H.R. 490 will be a positive step forward toward meeting the health needs of our animal population and toward protecting the health and the diet of our human population.

Dr. PETSCHULAT. As a veterinarian and as a member of this association, I would like to point out that the industries of the United States manufacturing animal health biologicals, chemicals, and drugs are in fact providing the working tools of the veterinarian in his effort to maintain the health of animals and efficient production of edible products from animals.

Biologicals, drugs, and chemicals, as the working tools of veterinarians, amount to some $300 million or $400 million worth of goods sold in the United States each year.

The fact that the agriculture of the United States needs this amount of drugs is one important point, but another point is that the U.S. industry also sets the standard for the type of drugs which are made and used in other nations.

I think that in this capacity the U.S. animal health industry plays a big role in the overall job of aiding in the development of food production in other nations as means of satisfying the critical food shortage that we are facing now and in the future.

But, again, the main point here is that industry is providing for veterinarians their primary working tools. There are, that I know, at least 210 companies in the United States now manufacturing and selling animal health drugs, who employ veterinarians. Because they are making the "working tools," it is necessary that veterinarians be on their staffs for the design and in the development and in the production of these drugs, and in getting them distributed to agriculture.

These 210 companies that I know of employ nearly 600 veterinarians at the present time and as recently as 1962, we were only able to identify less than 300 veterinarians employed by industry. This suggests a doubling of the number of the veterinarians needed by industry in just the last 4 years.

Many of my colleagues have estimated that the requirements of industry will again double within the next 4 or 5 years, and that probably by 1970 there will be at least a thousand veterinarians in industry. We expect this number to redouble in the following 5 or 10 years.

Thus, when we talk about projections for 1980 as have been several times suggested today, we anticipate that there will be at least 2,000 veterinarians required at that time, for industrial employment.

Gentlemen, I think that the role of industry, the need of industry to employ veterinarians and the increasing demand for veterinarians in industry are feasible and justified and that we can count on industry for the absorption of a significant percentage of the veterinarians that will be produced.

This concludes my statement, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. JARMAN. Thank you very much. We appreciate your being with us. Are there any questions? Mr. Rogers?

Mr. ROGERS of Florida. I think your testimony has pointed up the problem for industry, and it is quite impressive to think that you have to double it in 4 or 5 years. Thank you.

Mr. JARMAN. The Animal Health Institute represents the manufacturers?

Dr. PETSCHULAT. Right.

Mr. JARMAN. Thank you very much for your testimony today.

I believe our final witness today will be Dr. Thorp, who asked for a few minutes of rebuttal time at least an opportunity to testify briefly again on some of the points that were raised this morning.

I might say that the bells have rung for a vote on the House floor. If you can make your testimony brief we can conclude the hearing now, I think. Otherwise, it will be necessary for us to go to the floor and come back.

Dr. THORP. I will be very brief.

FURTHER STATEMENT OF DR. W. T. S. THORP, DEAN, COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA

Dr. THORP. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, I appreciate this oportunity to just say a few words in regard to the letter from HEW by Assistant Secretary Cohen.

I would refer to page 3, if you have the letter there. (See HEW report, p. 14.) The second paragraph-he talks about the critical shortages of health profession-allied health personnel, professional manpower, and I think it has been made clear today that veterinary medicine is one of the health professions.

On the one hand, he points out the shortage but on the other hand, he is not willing to recommend support of this legislation and there may be compelling reasons why he did this.

I just use as an example-there have been many things recentlyin Minnesota we find in the dried milk industry we are spreading Salmonella infection. This is going to require veterinarians. It is our understanding, as much as we could get from HEW and the chairman of this committee, at least, up until this morning, when Mr. Cohen's letter showed up, that their main concern was not to amend the medical facilities legislation, but they recognized the shortage of veterinarians.

I was a little surprised at this blanket recommendation.

There is another point that I would like to make. He mentioned in his third paragraph, providing quality health care for every American, and this we need. No one would argue with that, but we are interested in preventive medicine. We are interested in preventing these things from happening. Veterinary graduates are playing an important part in the medical research program, that Health, Education, and Welfare are supporting to a great extent.

The veterinary colleges are asked by the Agency for International Development, repeatedly-they are asked by the international health people in the programs of the Public Health Service, and the need of veterinarians was pointed out in relation to that legislation. So I think that we have on the one side the recognition of a shortage of this profession by Mr. Cohen, yet on the other side, he is not willing to support it.

There is one point that I would like to mention, and that is in regard to the medical research program. I know Congressman Rogers and Congressman Nelsen are not here, but they are aware of the interest in laboratory animals and the use of animals in medical research. This is going to require more veterinarians. This is going to be something in this area in the future.

I just want to point out that I would disagree with HEW and that we think this is something that the veterinary profession needs-we need more veterinarians, it is not a large appropriation. It could almost be covered with a contingency fund.

In regard to the loans, I think I answered that this morning.

In regard to the Educational Facilities Acts that have been established, it really does not exist to any extent as far as veterinary medicine is considered.

Mr. Chairman, unless you have some questions-there are many other things that can be said about the diseases of animals, transmissible to man. But I would just mention one other thing, though.

The "Health Careers Guidebook" put out by the Department of Labor opened by saying that today's veterinarians are important to human-as well as animal-health in ways one would not have thought possible a generation ago.

It says services are in greater demand than ever before. I am talking about the whole area of veterinarian medicine, not an isolated practice or in isolated positions that the veterinarian may hold.

I thank you very much for this opportunity to say a few words in reference to parts of Mr. Cohen's letter and, perhaps, some of us in the veterinary profession should sit down and talk with him.

Mr. JARMAN. Thank you, Dean Thorp, for the additional information.

Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Just a comment, Mr. Chairman.

I haven't see Mr. Cohen's letter, but I am a little surprised, too, because I know for a fact that they are in the process of at least trying to draft legislation that would pertain to the care of laboratory animals and their use for research and this, in itself, would call for this additional work.

Mr. MACKAY. We do not have time here, Dr. Thorp, to comment on Dr. Meyers' assertions that the profession is doing too much subprofessional work. The real emergencies I have had with animals, I am afraid the doctor could not instruct me on how to fix.

For example, how to fix a broken back. I would not want to turn this over to the technician. But we do not have time to go into that. It would make an interesting discussion, I am sure.

Dr. THORP. Perhaps Dr. Meyers is thinking of a specific area. Mr. JARMAN. Thank you. We thank all of you for your participation.

Is there anyone else?

Dr. GREENWAY. May I speak, Mr. Chairman?

STATEMENT OF WILEY J. GREENWAY, PRESIDENT, STATE OF GEORGIA VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Mr. GREENWAY. I represent 250 practitioners and we are from the State of Georgia where they have a large veterinary school and we feel like it is a severe need for not only veterinarians, but they miss one of the most important points and that is, increasing the facilities. We have to give the young men and ladies better training than we already have. There is no need for me to emphasize any other points, though, because I know from the hundreds of diseases that are transmitted from animal to man, it is important. But I just want to get in the one plug that I am a practicing practitioner with 15 veterinarians around by practice, and I still make a good living and I feel like we are going to need more veterinarians.

It is a problem right now to hire a good veterinarian and there are plenty of jobs that I know are available for the veterinarians. I just wanted to say, as a practitioner, those few remarks.

Mr. MACKAY. Dr. Greenway is not only from Georgia, but from my district. I am particularly pleased to have him up here and find me at my committee so he can report on that.

Mr. JARMAN. On that note, the committee stands adjourned. (The following material was submitted for the record :)