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pursuant to this chapter shall be exempt from all taxation now or hereafter imposed by the United States or any State, Territory, District, dependency, or political subdivision, but nothing in this subsection shall be construed as affecting the authority or duty of the Secretary under any other law to make payments in respect of any such property in lieu of taxes. (July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title IV, § 50, 50 Stat. 531.)

§ 1025. Purchase at foreclosure sale.-The Secretary is authorized and empowered to bid for and purchase at any foreclosure or other sale, or otherwise to acquire property pledged or mortgaged to secure any loan or other indebtedness owing under this chapter; to accept title to any property so purchased or acquired; to operate or lease such property for such period as may be deemed necessary or advisable to protect the investment therein; and to sell or otherwise dispose of such property so purchased or acquired upon such terms and for such considerations as the Secretary shall determine to be reasonable, but subject to the reservation of the rights provided for in section 1018 of this title. (July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title IV, § 51, 50 Stat. 531.)

§ 1026. Penalties. (a) Whoever makes any material representation, knowing it to be false, for the purpose of influencing in any way the action of the Corporation upon any application, advance, discount, purchase, or repurchase agreement, contract of sale, lease, or loan, or any change or extension of any of the same by renewal, deferment of action or otherwise, or the acceptance, release, or substitution of security therefor, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $5,000 or by imprisonment for not more than two years, or both.

(b) Whoever, being connected in any capacity with the Corporation, (1) embezzles, abstracts, purloins, or willfully misapplies any moneys, funds, securities, or other things of value, whether belonging to the Corporation or pledged or otherwise entrusted to it; or (2) with intent to defraud the Corporation, or any other body politic or corporate, or any individual, or to deceive, any officer, auditor, or examiner of the Corporation, makes any false entry in any book, report, or statement of, or to, the Corporation or draws any order, or issues, puts forth, or assigns any note or other obligation or draft, mortgage, judgment, or decree thereof; or (3) with intent to defraud the Corporation, participates or shares in or receives directly or indirectly any money, profit, property, or benefits through any transaction, loan, commission contract, or any other act of the Corporation, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or by imprisonment for not more than five years, or both.

(c) Whoever willfully shall conceal, remove, dispose of, or convert to his own use or to that of another, any property mortgaged or pledged to, or held by, the Corporation, as security for any obligation, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $5,000 or by imprisonment for not more than two years, or both.

(d) The provisions of sections 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, and 207, of Title 18, insofar as applicable, are extended to apply to contracts or agreements of the Corporation, which for the purposes hereof shall be held to include advances, loans, discounts,

purchase and repurchase agreements, contracts of sale, and leases; extensions and renewals thereof; and acceptances, releases, and substitutions of security therefor.

(e) Whoever conspires with another to accomplish any of the acts made unlawful by the preceding provisions of this section shall, on conviction thereof, be subject to the same fine or impris onment, or both, as is applicable in the case of conviction for doing such unlawful act. (July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title IV, § 52, 50 Stat. 531.)

§ 1027. Fees and commissions.-No Federal officer, attorney, or employee shall, directly or indirectly, be the beneficiary of or receive any fee, commission, gift, or other consideration for or in connection with any transaction or business under this chapter other than such salary, fee, or other compensation as he may receive as such officer, attorney, or employee. No member of a county committee established under section 1016 of this title shall knowingly make or join in making any certification prohibited by section 1002 (c) of this title. Any person violating any provision of this section shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $1,000 or imprisonment for not more than one year, or both. (July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title IV, § 53, 50 Stat. 532.)

§ 1028. Application to Territories. The provisions of this chapter shall extend to the Territories of Alaska and Hawaii and to Puerto Rico. In the case of Alaska and Puerto Rico the term "county" as used in this chapter shall be deemed synonymous with the Territory, or any subdivision thereof as may be designated by the Secretary, and payments under section 1012 of this title shall be made to the Governor of the Territory or to the fiscal agent of such subdivision. (July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title IV, § 54, 50 Stat. 532.)

§ 1029. Separability.—If any provision of this chapter, or the application thereof to any person or circumstances, is held invalid, the remainder of the chapter, and the application of such provisions to other persons or circumstances, shall not be affected thereby. (July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title IV, § 55, 50 Stat. 533.)

Chapter 34.-SUGAR PRODUCTION AND CONTROL

§ 1100. Short title.-This chapter may be cited as the Sugar Act of 1937. (Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, § 1, 50 Stat. 903.)

SUBCHAPTER 1.-DEFINITIONS

§ 1101. Definitions. For the purposes of this chapter, except subchapter IV

The term "person" means an individual, partnership, corporation, or association.

The term "sugars" means any grade or type of saccharine product derived from sugarcane or sugar beets, which contains sucrose, dextrose, or levulose.

The term "sugar" means raw sugar or direct-consumption sugar.

The term "raw sugar" means any sugars which are principally of crystalline structure and which are to be further refined or improved in quality, and any sugars which are principally not of crystalline structure but which are to be further refined or otherwise improved in quality to produce any sugars principally of crystalline structure.

The term "direct-consumption sugar" means any sugars which are principally of crystalline structure and which are not to be further refined or otherwise improved in quality.

The term "liquid sugar" means any sugars (exclusive of sirup of cane juice produced from sugarcane grown in continental United States) which are principally not of crystalline structure and which contain, or which are to be used for the production of any sugars principally not of crystalline structure which contain, soluble nonsugar solids (excluding any foreign substances that may have been added) equal to 6 per centum or less of the total soluble solids.

Sugars in dry amorphous form shall be considered to be principally of crystalline structure.

The "raw value" of any quantity of sugars means its equivalent in terms of ordinary commercial raw sugar testing ninety-six sugar degrees by the polariscope, determined in accordance with regulations to be issued by the Secretary. The principal grades and types of sugar and liquid sugar shall be translated into terms of raw value in the following manner:

(1) For direct-consumption sugar, derived from sugar beets and testing ninety-two or more sugar degrees by the polariscope, by multiplying the number of pounds thereof by 1.07;

(2) For sugar, derived from sugarcane and testing ninety-two sugar degrees by the polariscope, by multiplying the number of pounds thereof by 0.93;

(3) For sugar, derived from sugarcane and testing more than ninety-two sugar degrees by the polariscope, by multiplying the number of pounds thereof by the figure obtained by adding to 0.93 the result of multiplying 0.0175 by the number of degrees and fractions of a degree of polarization above ninety-two degrees;

(4) For sugar and liquid sugar, testing less than ninety-two sugar degrees by the polariscope, by dividing the number of pounds of the "total sugar content" thereof by 0.972.

(5) The Secretary may establish rates for translating sugar and liquid sugar into terms of raw value for (a) any grade or type of sugar or liquid sugar not provided for in the foregoing and (b) any special grade or type of sugar or liquid sugar for which he determines that the raw value cannot be measured adequately under the provisions of paragraphs (1) to (4), inclusive, of this subsection (h).

The term "total sugar content" means the sum of the sucrose (Clerget) and reducing or invert sugars contained in any grade or type of sugar or liquid sugar.

The term "quota", depending upon the context, means (1) that quantity of sugar or liquid sugar which may be brought or imported into the continental United States, for consumption

therein, during any calendar year, from the Territory of Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands, or a foreign country or group of foreign countries; (2) that quantity of sugar or liquid sugar produced from sugar beets or sugarcane grown in the continental United States which, during any calendar year, may be shipped, transported, or marketed in interstate commerce, or in competition with sugar or liquid sugar shipped, transported, or marketed in interstate or foreign commerce; or (3) that quantity of sugar or liquid sugar which may be marketed in the Territory of Hawaii or in Puerto Rico, for consumption therein, during any calendar year.

The term "producer" means a person who is the legal owner, at the time of harvest or abandonment, of a portion or all of a crop of sugar beets or sugarcane grown on a farm for the extraction of sugar or liquid sugar.

The terms "including" and "include" shall not be deemed to exclude anything not mentioned but otherwise within the meaning of the term defined.

The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture. (Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, title I, § 101, 50 Stat. 903.)

SUBCHAPTER II.-QUOTA PROVISIONS

§ 1111. Annual estimate of consumption in continental United States. The Secretary shall determine for each calendar year the amount of sugar needed to meet the requirements of consumers in the continental United States; such determinations shall be made during the month of December in each year for the succeeding calendar year and at such other times during such calendar year as the Secretary may deem necessary to meet such requirements. In making such determinations the Secretary shall use as a basis the quantity of direct-consumption sugar distributed for consumption, as indicated by official statistics of the Department of Agriculture, during the twelve-month period ending October 31 next preceding the calendar year for which the determination is being made, and shall make allowances for a deficiency or surplus in inventories of sugar, and changes in consumption, as computed from statistics published by agencies of the Federal Government with respect to inventories of sugar, population, and demand conditions; and in order that the regulation of commerce provided by this chapter shall not result in excessive prices to consumers, the Secretary shall make such additional allowances as he may deem necessary in the amount of sugar determined to be needed to meet the requirements of consumers, so that the supply of sugar made available to consumers shall not result in average prices to consumers in excess of those necessary to maintain the domestic sugar industry as a whole. The amount of such additional allowances shall not be less than the amount required, after allowance for normal carry-over, to give consumers in the continental United States a per capital consumption equal to the average of the two-year period 1937-38. (Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, title II, § 201, 50 Stat. 904; Oct. 10, 1940, ch. 839, § 2, 54 Stat. 1093.)

§ 1112. Proration of quotas.-Whenever a determination is made, pursuant to section 1111 of this title, of the amount of sugar needed to meet the requirements of consumers, the Secretary shall establish quotas, or revise existing quotas

(a) Domestic producing areas. For domestic sugar-producing areas by prorating among such areas 55.59 per centum of such amount of sugar (but not less than 3,715,000 short tons) on the following basis:

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(b) Foreign producing areas. For foreign countries, and the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands, by prorating 44.41 per centum of such amount of sugar (except, if such amount of sugar is less than 6,682,670 short tons, the excess of such amount over 3,715,000 short tons) on the following basis:

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In no case shall the quota for the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands be less than the duty-free quota now established by the provisions of sections 1231-1247 of Title 48.

The quota for foreign countries other than Cuba shall be prorated among such countries on the basis of the division of the quota for such countries made in General Sugar Quota Regulations, Series 4, Number 1, issued December 12, 1936, pursuant to sections 601-608, 608a-608c, 608d-612, 613-619, 620, 623, 624 of this title. (Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, title II, § 202, 50 Stat. 905.)

§ 1113. Estimates for consumption in Hawaii and Puerto Rico; quotas. In accordance with the applicable provisions of section 1111 of this title, the Secretary shall also determine the amount of sugar needed to meet the requirements of consumers in the Territory of Hawaii, and in Puerto Rico, and shall establish quotas for the amounts of sugar which may be marketed for local consumption in such areas equal to the amounts determined to be needed to meet the requirements of consumers therein. (Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, title II, § 203, 50 Stat. 905.)

§ 1114. Revision of proration upon productive deficiency of quota area—(a) Domestic productive deficiency.-The Secretary shall, as he deems necessary during the calendar year, determine whether, in view of the current inventories of sugar, the estimated production from the acreage of sugar-cane or sugar beets planted, the normal marketings within a calendar year of newcrop sugar, and other pertinent factors, any domestic area, the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands, or Cuba, will be unable to market the quota for such area. If the Secretary finds that any domestic area or Cuba will be unable to market the quota for such area for the calendar year then current, he shall revise the quotas for the domestic areas and Cuba by prorating an amount of sugar

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