President's Compensation.

7. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected; and he shall not receive, within that period, any other emolument from the United States or any of them.

8. Before he enters on the execution of his office he shall take the following oath or affirmation :

His Oath.

"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States."

Power and Duties of the President.

SECT. II. 1. The President shall be commanderin-chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States, when called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons, for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. Of Making Treaties.

2. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senate present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, Judges of the

Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law. But Congress may, by law, vest the ap pointment of such inferior officers as they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments.

Power of Appointment.

3. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session.

Further Powers and Duties.

SECT. III. He shall from time to time, give to Congress, information of the state of the Union and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them; and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States. [See 1 Cranch, 137.]

Of Impeachment.

SECT. IV. The President, Vice President, and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misde

meanors.

ARTICLE III.

OF THE JUDICIARY.

Of the Judicial Fower.--Concerning the Judges. SECT. I. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as Congress may, from time to time, ordain and establish. The judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. [See 7 Johns., Ch. R., 303.]

Extent of the Judicial Fower.--This clause altered postea.--Sec Amendments, Art. XI.

SECT. II. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affecting ambassadors, or other public ministers and consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more States; between a State and citizens of another State; between citizens of different States; between citizens of the same State, claiming lands under grants of different States, and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or subjects. [See 2 Dallas, 297. 6 Wheat., 264, 405. 2 Mason, 472. 9 Wheat., 819.] Of Original and Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. 2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, or other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all other cases before men

tioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations, as Congress shall make. [5 Sergt. & R., 545. 1 Binn., 138.]

Of Trials for Crimes.

3. The trials of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crime shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as Congress may by law have directed.

Of Treason.

SECT. III. 1. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. [ Cranch App. Note B., 470, 126.]

2. Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the attainted.

ARTICLE IV.

OF STATE RECORDS.

SECT. I. Full faith and credit shall be given, in cach State, to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. [See 7 Cranch, 481. 3 Wheat., 234. 1 Peters, 81, 351. 6 Wheat., 129.]

OF CITIZENSHIP.

SECT. II. 1. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States.* [Sec 4 Johns., Ch. R. 430.] OF FUGITIVES FROM JUSTICE.

2. A person charged in any State for treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice and be found in another State, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime. [See 4 Johns., Ch. R., 106.]

OF PERSONS HELD TO SERVICE.

3. No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up, on the claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. [See 2 S. & R., 305. 3 S. & R., 4. 5 S. & R., 62.]

OF THE ADMISSION OF NEW STATES.

SECT. III. 1. New States may be admitted by Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State, nor any State formed by the junction of two or more States or parts of States, without the consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of Congress.

OF TERRITORIES.

2. Congress shall have power to dispose of, and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the

*Free negroes and mulattoes are not citizens with the meaning If the Constitution. [1 Litt., 333.]