It is the province of the ethnologist not only to investigate the mental and physical differences of mankind and the organic laws upon which they depend, but to deduce from such investigations principles for human guidance in all the important relations of social and national existence.

The original Ohio man was a pioneer, and his descendants naturally inherited the spirit of the pioneer. To the building up of other states, Ohio has contributed more largely in proportion to population than any of her sisters. In 1900 no less than 1,250,000 natives of Ohio were living in the other states and territories of the Union. In Indiana were 200,000; in Illinois 140,000; in Iowa and Michigan 80,000 each; in Pennsylvania 60,000; in New York and California 30,000 each; in Colorado 25,000: in Massachusetts 5.500; in Washington 20,000; in Oklahoma 15,000; in Texas 10.000; in Montana 7,000; and in far off Alaska 700.

Thus as Ohio at the first gathered to her arms emigrants from all the states and from beyond the seas to build up this magnificent commonwealth, so now she pays the debt by sending out some of her sons and daughters to carry our enterprises and our culture to build up other communities.

Then let us each in his place do our utmost to keep bright these pleasing visions of that early time; learn to know ourselves, our neighbors, and as far as may be our destiny, and, looking with seeing eyes, let us strive to realize what our history means in all its great proportions. Let us be liberal as our institutions and the principles we profess are liberal and thus make of ourselves a people who, if occasion requires, may re-enact the heroic deeds and reproduce the consummate work of those whose memory we delight to honor. In proportion as we shall render ourselves able and willing to do this may we renew our youth and secure our age against decay.

Let us learn the great lesson of the Old Testament: that Hebrew valor was invincible only so long as patriotic instincts and training held them up to the plane of pure, patriotic obligation, for it will be the same with American valor.

This state and this nation have had, are having and are to have marvellous growth. Before many years the Anglo-Ameri

can under the stars and stripes will dominate the North American continent and will have spread further beyond the seas. When that time comes may he be found to have preserved in its purity a government whose institutions are more conducive to the greatest freedom and welfare of mankind than the world has ever seen; and may he who at the distance of another century shall stand here to celebrate Ohio's bi-centennial have reason to exult, as we do now, in the glorious spectacle of a free, happy, virtuous and united people.

Our father's God, from out whose hand
The centuries fall like grains of sand,

We meet to-day. united, free,

And loyal to our land and thee,

To thank thee for the era done,

And trust thee for the opening one.

O, make thou us, through centuries long,

In peace secure, in justice strong;
Around our gift of freedom draw
The safeguards of thy righteous law;
And, cast in some diviner mold,

Let the new cycle shame the old.

THE PART TAKEN BY WOMEN

IN THE

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF OHIO.

MRS. JAMES R. HOPLEY.

Mr. President and Friends:

moments

Centered to-day, as are the sentiments of all present upon this spot, this hour and this occasion, Mecca of the absent, as this is, for pilgrimages innumerable of patriotic thoughts, and surrounded, as we doubtless are, by clouds of witnesses a choir invisible of those who once here lived and wrought, we must give up reluctantly any one of these precious pearls upon a golden to the consideration of any theme apart from this hour. And yet, in search of a text for this brief address, and for the source of those qualities which rather distinctly mark the women of my native state, the telepathy of the past spelled the name of that other Commonwealth, which, with Virginia, Connecticut, and the

thread

other immortal eleven - but which more than them all furnished Ohio's ideals and antecedents Massachusetts.

You perhaps are a Virginian? Then together we may recount the glories of our inheritance, for I too am descended from Virginia. We shall say "Remember Mount Vernon and Monticello," and those of us who are of Huguenot blood will recall that three of the seven who presided over Congress during the revolutionary period were Huguenots Jay, Laurens and Boudinot. It is written that "in moral fibre the Puritans and Hugue

nots were one," but the latter had the added virtue of the Frenchman's love of beauty, contributing a vast share to the culture and prosperity of the United States.

The Puritans of New England and Marietta had provided for this region a fundamental and far-reaching law, but it remained for the descendants of the Huguenots, Scotch-Irish and Cavaliers of Virginia and Chillicothe to give this territory statehood and the daughters of these have kept the altar fires of patriotism burning brightly ever since.

Are you from Connecticut? What a proud brow you should bear! Wonderful daughter of a wonderful mother, and in turn mother of wonderful sons! As thick as the stars appear in the milky way so numerous are their names.

Are you from New York? Then you will never forget the names of Alexander Hamilton and General MacArthur-nor will we.

Are you a Pennsylvanian? You then, come from the home of the most eminent American-save one-Benjamin Franklin : and from the state which boasts the progenitors of the fighting McCooks, Generals Grant and Rosecrans and William McKinley.

Did your forefathers journey hither from New Jersey? Then you hail from the home of John Cleves Symmes and of the Zanes-highest type of the frontiersmen.

Vermont, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Maryland and Kentucky sent here their no less famous "good and great" but the WOMEN of Ohio must trace their type to that state under whose ideals they have become what they are. I refer to Massachusetts and especially to the first Puritan women who set foot upon her shores for their ideals have persisted here, more or less distinct, surrounded but not as yet submerged by many other types. There, spiritually, was conceived a new creature, though bleak indeed was this western Eden. Not in a garden of dreams "where every prospect pleaseth" but from the arms of a rock-ribbed coast she sprang, facing, with fearless eyes, the early morning breaking coldly over stormy waters. She came. not to tempt, but to oppose evil; not seeking indulgence but opportunity to serve, and thus coming the flaming sword of the

Angel of the Lord was bared, not to drive her forth, but to widen her realm and she inherits the land.

This type, which produced women of independent thought, yet women who were home-loving, not self seeking, great mothers serving, but exacting honor and obedience, wives, who were helpmates, not dictators nor dependents, was transplanted here, and the intelligence and moral force always associated with the women of Ohio, infused with their strongest trait a bequest also from Pennsylvania and the South-a passionate devotion to home are elements which constitute many an unrecorded but never obliterated chapter in the history and development of Ohio.

To-day the women of this state are the conservators of the strong original type, and here, we believe, it is perpetuated with fewer of its early faults and more of its virtues, than in any other state of the Union. It is with pleasure that the text of what must be briefly said is presented, for in it is summed up the whole. It is from Emerson: "What is civilization? I answer: - THE POWER OF GOOD WOMEN."

Confronting the subject assigned, "The Part Taken by Women in the History and Development of the State," the question arises, "for what have Ohio women been conspicuous?" The asnwer is a simple one Ohio women never were and are not now "conspicuous." To be conspicuous has never been thought by them desirable. They have written; have sung, have moulded in clay; have carved in stone; have had place and power; but froward, notorious, conspicuous in the common sense, they have never been. In this their inheritance is revealed. Among all those who thronged the decks of the Mayflower can one be named whose dress, feature, or personal conduct, history has recorded? In all the realm of national poetry, whose theme is of those earliest days, but one woman's name is familiarly known to us and that through a story of the heart. In this Priscilla was not conspicuous since there have been hundreds as steadfast, as true and as plain spoken.

Again, in civil life: who condemned and burned the witches? Not the WOMEN of Salem! Education and religion are those higher and grander callings, always appropriately associated with

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