institutions and to protect said buildings against destruction by fire.

1. Height and material of buildings and whether of fireproof construction or not.

2. Number and location of interior stairways and elevator shafts and whether fireproof.

3. Number, location and construction of outside stairways* and fire-escapes, and if same can be reached easily.

4. Fire alarm connection, and date of last inspection by local fire department.

5. Number and location of standpipes; length and condition of hose, and how often tested.

6. Number and location of portable fire-extinguishers, hand grenades, fire-pails, etc.

7. Organization and practice of fire drills.

8. Whether night patrol service is established with use of watchman's clock.

9. Protection given swinging gas jets and other heating or lighting fixtures in proximity to woodwork, etc.

10. Presence of rubbish, particularly in attics, cellars, etc., or of oils, inflammable liquids, etc., and care given same.

An institution found to be complying with the law and satisfactorily equipped in the above particulars, and whose officers give due attention to fire drills, patrol service, care of oils, inflammable liquids, and the disposal of rubbish, is considered by the Board to be adequately protected.

IV. Suggestions for Protection of Buildings and Inmates

against Fire.

1. Buildings of charitable institutions should be of fireproof construction if possible.

2. Interior stairways and elevator shafts should be made fireproof, and in the case of the stairs, sufficiently broad to permit all persons on floors above to pass down without delay.

3. Outside iron stairways not too steep and connecting with each dormitory or room occupied, should be provided to furnish

*Chapter 381 of the Laws of 1895 requires all hospitals over two stories in height and not of fireproof construction to be provided with outside iron stairways, the design being to afford means for the removal of surgical or bedridden patients on stretchers, when any other method of handling would be dangerous.

means of escape in case the interior stairways and elevators are cut off by fire. For safety these should be inclosed with heavy wire netting and provided with iron hand rails.

4. Direct fire alarm connection is most desirable. Telephone connection is not as satisfactory a means for sending in an alarm as a fire alarm box.

5. Interior facilities should include a sufficient number of portable fire-extinguishers, hand grenades, and fire-pails and in extensive buildings of more than two stories standpipes with sufficient hose attached to reach every part of each floor. The hose should be tested every three months, the fire-pails kept filled and the extinguishers recharged annually.

6. Regular drills both for employes, and, where their physical condition permits, for inmates as well, should be held in order to accustom them to rapid removal from the buildings and thus prevent confusion or excitement in case of a real alarm.

7. A night watchman should patrol the building during the entire period when the day employes are off duty, and should be required by means of a watchman's clock, to register his visits to different parts of the institution.

8. Gas jets should be protected by globes or wire screens, and all woodwork in proximity to stoves should be protected by sheets of metal.

9. All parts of the building, particularly cellars and attics, should be kept free from rubbish, and rags used in oiling floors, etc., should either be destroyed after using or kept in metal cans or boxes.

10. Great care should be exercised in the storage and handling of paints, oils, and other inflammable liquids. Oil stoves and lamps should not be used if avoidable and should never be filled or trimmed after dark; if oil is used it should be of the highest fire test.

11. Safety matches only should be used.

12. Ashes should never be collected in wooden barrels or boxes but in metal cans.

13. Never encumber fire-escapes, stairways, halls, passageways, windows or doors with boxes, barrels, etc., as in the event of fire these would interfere with the escape of the inmates and hinder the firemen in their work.

STATUTES AND RULES RELATING TO CORPORATIONS.

The written approval of the State Board of Charities is necessary

1. For the incorporation of any institution for the purpose of receiving, boarding or keeping any nursing children, or any chil dren under the age of twelve years, not pupils or wards.

(Chapter 171, Laws of 1894, referring to Penal Code, section 288.) 2. For the extension of the purposes of a membership corpora tion, if the care of orphan, pauper or destitute children be included. (Chapter 559, Laws of 1895, Article I, section 4.)

3. For the incorporation of any membership corporation mentioned in the second paragraph of section 31 of Article II of the Membership Corporations Law, chapter 559 of the Laws of 1895, and of hospital corporations.

4. The State Board of Charities shall approve or disapprove the organization and incorporation of all institutions of a charitable, eleemosynary, correctional or reformatory character, which are or shall be subject to the supervision and inspection of the board. (Art. I, sec. 9, subd. 4, chap. 546, Laws of 1896.)

RULES OF STATE BOARD OF CHARITIES TO BE OBSERVED BY PERSONS PRESENTING CERTIFICATES OF INCORPORATION FOR APPROVAL.

The rules to be observed as to all certificates of incorporation presented to the State Board of Charities for its approval are as follows:

1. Such certificate shall be executed in duplicate and presented in due form, duly executed and acknowledged by the proper persons before competent officers, as the special law may direct, and without erasures or interlineations; and should contain in full every statement directed by the statute. In the articles herein before given these statements are italicized.

2. Each certificate shall state the law under which it is proposed to incorporate.

3. A copy of such certificate shall also be furnished for filing with the State Board of Charities.

Additional rules setting forth the duties of the Commissioners and the officers of the Board in regard to certificates of incorporation and application for approval are laid down in Article X of the By-Laws.

BY-LAWS OF THE BOARD.

(As amended to June 1, 1902.)

I. ON THE MEETINGS OF THE Board,

1. Stated meetings of the Board shall be held on the second Wednesday in January, April, July and October, and unless other. wise ordered by the Board, at 3 o'clock p. m.

2. All stated meetings of the Board shall be held at the office of the Board at the Capitol in the city of Albany, unless otherwise specially ordered by the Board.

3. The Board, or the President, may direct special meetings to be called.

4. The President shall direct a special meeting to be called on the written request of two commissioners stating the particular purpose for which the meeting is desired.

5. Notice of meeting shall be given by mailing the notice to each commissioner at his last known place of address, and when practicable, such notice shall be given at least ten days in ad

vance.

6. Notice of special meetings shall state the particular purposes for which the meetings are called.

II. ON THE CONDUCT OF BUSINESS.

1. If at the time appointed for the meeting of the Board the President and Vice-President are both absent, any commissioner may call the meeting to order, and a chairman shall be chosen. 2. At the meetings of the Board the following order of business, unless otherwise ordered shall be observed:

Reading of the minutes of previous meetings.

Election of officers.

Reference of accounts.

Unfinished business of the last meeting.

Reports of standing and special committees.

Reports on proposed incorporations.

Communications from Commissioners and officers.

Miscellaneous business.

3. At a special meeting, the object of the meeting shall be stated by the chair immediately after the minutes of the last meeting have been read, and no other business than that stated in the call

shall be considered at such meeting, unless ordered by the concurrent vote of all the Commissioners present.

4. All resolutions shall be in writing and, with the name of the mover, shall be entered on the minutes.

5. On the demand of any Commissioner, the vote on any ques tion shall be taken by ayes and noes, and entered on the minutes. 6. All questions of order and proceeding, not specially provided for in these By-Laws, shall be governed by Cushing's Manual.

7. The minutes of all meetings of the Board shall be printed as soon after adjournment as possible, and a copy furnished to each Commissioner.

III. ON THE ELECTION OF OFFICERS.

1. The stated meeting in April shall be the annual meeting of the Board.

2. At this meeting it shall elect by ballot a President and a Vice-President.

3. The President and Vice-President so elected shall hold their respective offices for one year and until their successors are elected.

4. All other officers or agents, unless their term of office be fixed by law, or by these By-Laws, shall hold office at the pleasure of the Board.

IV. ON THE PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT.

1. The President shall have general supervision of the affairs of the Board, and shall preside at the meetings.

2. He shall represent the Board before the Governor, Executive Department and Legislative Committees, unless otherwise ordered by the Board and may request any Commissioner or officer to assist him or appear in his stead.

3. The Vice-President shall perform the duties of President whenever the President is unable to perform the duties assigned to him by these By-Laws.

V. ON THE SECRETARY.

1. The Secretary shall reside in the city of Albany, and shall be in attendance at the office of the Board during the hours of business, unless called elsewhere by official duties, or unless excused by the Board.