regards common administrative matters. The Lieutenant-General can even dissolve them and supply their places by others; he can also dismiss or confirm in their appointments the employés attached to those Assemblies, and can name others.

Art. 6. A Council composed of four members is appointed to aid the LieutenantGeneral; its powers, besides those granted to it by another Decree of Ours, are to be determined by the Lieutenant-General himself.

Art. 7. The Central Government will provide directly for all matters respecting war and marine.

Art. 8. The Governors will continue to exercise their powers, with the exception of those concerning public safety, which will be entrusted to persons appointed by the Government, who will be accountable to the Lieutenant-General and to the Royal Commissioners.

Art. 9. All the civil and military authorities in the said provinces will be subordinate to the Lieutenant-General.

Art. 10. The present Decree will come into force the day after its publication.

We order that the above Decree, sealed with the State Seal, be inserted into the official collection of laws and decrees of the Italian Kingdom, and we command all whom it may concern to observe the same, and to cause it to be observed. Given at Florence this 9th October, 1870.

(Countersigned)

(Signed)

LANZA.

No. 63.

VICTOR EMMANUEL.

Sir,

Earl Granville to Sir A. Paget.*

Foreign Office, October 17, 1870. I INCLOSE herewith a copy of a letter which has been addressed to Sir George Bowyer, M.P., by Mr. Crane,† requesting him to obtain the intervention of Her Majesty's Government in favour of the property of a College in Rome of which Mr. Crane has the care, in case, as he apprehends, all ecclesiastical property in Rome is seized by the Italian Government; and I have to request you to continue to take such steps as you properly can to induce the Italian Government to respect the property of British subjects in case any measure of confiscation is carried out.

Sir,

Foreign Office, October 17, 1870.

I HAVE received your despatch of the 7th instant respecting the progress of events in Rome, and what had passed up to that time with reference to the question of the Pope withdrawing from or remaining in Rome; and I have to acquaint you that Her Majesty's Government entirely approve the course you have taken as reported in that despatch, and have read with much interest your account of the state of affairs at Rome.

(Extract.)

No. 65.

I am, &c. (Signed) GRAN VILLE.

Mr. Jervoise to Earl Granville.-(Received October 18.)

Rome, October 12, 1870. I HAVE the honour to report that General La Marmora arrived in the city yesterday morning, accompanied by his Staff, and that he has taken up his quarters in the Palazzo della Consulta, on Monte Cavallo, which has hitherto been occupied by the Pope's Noble Guard and some of the high dignitaries of the Church.

The new Governor of Rome was exceedingly well received, and immediately after his arrival issued the Proclamation of which I have the honour to inclose a copy, as in the official Gazette of last evening.

published

This morning I called on his Excellency, with whom I was already acquainted. He expressed anxiety as to the possibility of bringing about a modus vivendi with the Pope, and he especially drew my attention to that portion of his Proclamation which contains

* A similar despatch was addressed to Mr. Jervoise.

+ No. 58.

assurances of the resolve of the Government to preserve for the Pope the dignity of a Sovereign and complete liberty in the exercise of his rights as Supreme Head of the Church. The Gazette of yesterday also contains General Cadorna's address on resigning his functions into the hands of General La Marmora.

Your Lordship will find in the same journal the Royal Decree appointing a Lieutenancy for the government of Rome and the Roman Provinces; the nomination of General La Marmora to that office; the publication in the City of Rome and the Provinces of the "Statuto Costituzionale del Regno," of the 4th of March, 1848; and a further Decree promulgating the dispositions of the Italian Civil Code respecting the publication, interpretation, and application of the laws, as well as those affecting the titles of the Acts emanating from the Government, of the judicial sentences, and of the notarial acts.

In order to complete the history of the arrangements in connection with the annexation of the Roman Provinces to the Kingdom, I forward, at the same time, the Roman Gazette of the 10th instant, containing the Royal Decree sanctioning that annexation.

In the third Article, which guarantees the independence of the Sovereign Pontiff, occurs a phrase which may give rise to some discussion in the future. I allude to the "franchigie territoriali," which some suppose to be intended to confer a distinct and absolute right of sovereignty on the part of the Pope over the Leonine City, and by others that that portion of Rome will be treated as a free port only.

Inclosure 1 in No. 65.

Extract from the "Gazzetta Ufficiale di Roma" of October 11, 1870.

ECCO il proclama publicato oggi da sua Eccellenza il Generale La Marmora nell' assumere la Luogotenenza di Roma e sua provincia :

"Abitanti di Roma e delle Provincie Romane.

"Queste Provincie, la cui storia si collega con quella della civiltà antica e moderna, col loro splendido plebiscito hanno dato compimento e vigore alla gran patria Italiana, che seppe, con opera perseverante e coll' aîuto di eventi provvidenziali, ricomporsi in unità di nazione sotto lo scettro glorioso di Vittorio Emmanuele II.

"Le nazioni straniere che bene sentivano come un Regno Italico incompiuto tornasse più di pericolo che di aîuto alla pace ed all' equilibrio d'Europa, faranno degno ed equo giudizio di questo grande avvenimento. Per questo stesso avvenimento, l'Italia e Roma contrassero verso il mondo civile impegni e doveri, che alla vostra moderazione e alla vostra fermezza spetta principalmente di adempire.

E fermo proposito del Governo del Re che siano stabilite tali guarentigie da render manifesto al mondo Cattolico essere nostro leale e fermo intendimento che il Pontefice eserciti, con dignità di Sovrano e con libertà piena ed efficace, tutti i diritti e tutti gli ufizî di Capo Supremo della Chiesa.

"Non potremmo venir a meno questo debito senza recar grave offesa alla coscienza dei Cattolici e fallire ai nostri principî. Ma se sacro è il sentimento religioso, sacro è del pari il sentimento nazionale. Anzichè avversarsi, devono essi nell' animo nostro confondersi; e una grande responsabilità si assumerebbe chi, recusando ogni conciliazione, scavasse un abisso fra questi sentimenti.

"Abitanti di Roma e delle Provincie Romane.

"L'ammirabile contegno vostro ne' passati giorni renderà più facile al Governo del Re il compimento del suo uffizio.

"Voi potete, con l'autorità del vostro esempio, rassicurare coloro che temono per le mutate condizioni politiche. Dalla calma e dall' ordine vostro si farà più manifesto che i diritti di tutti trovano in Roma sicura osservanza e libero esercizio.

"Con questi auspicî, assumo, per ordine del Re, il governo di queste Provincie, nella certezza che non mi verrà meno il vostro concorso.

Pubblichiamo le seguenti parole del General Cadorna ai Romani, nel lasciare l'ufficio del quale era stato incaricato dal Regio Governo:

"Romani!

"Depongo nelle mani del Luogotenente del Re i poteri eccezionali che mi venivano conferiti dal Governo.

"Vi ringrazio, o Romani, dell' efficace concorso che mi avete prestato in questo breve periodo di tempo.

"Voi proseguirete a secondare, non v' ha dubbio, chi è così degnamente chiamato a dare assetto stabile alle varie Amministrazioni, e ad agevolare l'unificazione di queste con le altre provincie del Regno.

"Ricorderò con particolare compiacenza le prove che deste di patriottismo, di concordia e di esultanza, non scompagnate mai dall' ordine il più severo.

"Si, in ogni circostanza, mi tornerà gradita la rimembranza di questi giorni splendidi di virtù civile, che tanto hanno, la mercè vostra, facilitato il mio compito. "Il Generale commandante il 4° Corpo d'Esercito, "R. CADORNA.

(Firmato)

"Roma, li 11 Ottobre, 1870."

(Translation.)

THE following is the Proclamation published to-day by his Excellency General La Marmora, on assuming the Lieutenancy of Rome and its Province:

"Inhabitants of Rome and of the Roman Provinces !

"These Provinces, whose history is allied with that of ancient and modern civilization, by their glorious plebiscite have conferred completion and vigour on the great Italian country, which by continued labour and with the aid of providential events has effected its reunion with the nations beneath the glorious sceptre of Victor Emmanuel II.

"The foreign nations who have truly felt how an incomplete Italian Kingdom added more danger than help to the peace and to the equilibrium of Europe, will form a worthy and just judgment of this great occurrence. By this same occurrence Italy and Rome will contract obligations and duties towards the civilized world which it chiefly behoves your moderation and your firmness to fulfil.

"It is the firm purpose of the Government of the King that such guarantees may be fixed as to point out to the Catholic world that it is our loyal and firm intention that the Pontiff should exercise with the dignity of a Sovereign, and with full and active liberty, all the rights and all the offices of the Supreme Head of the Church.

"We could not be wanting in that duty without causing grave offence to the conscience of Catholics, and betraying our principles. But if the religious feeling is sacred, the national feeling is so equally. Sooner than resist, they should merge their opinions in our own; and whoever, by refusing every conciliation, causes a rupture between these feelings, would assume a heavy responsibility.

"Inhabitants of Rome and of the Roman Provinces !

"Your admirable behaviour during the past days will make the fulfilment of their office much easier for the Government of the King.

"You can, with the authority of your example, reassure those who are alarmed at the changed political condition. By your calmness and your order it will be made more clear that the rights of all have found in Rome safe observance and free exercise. "Under these auspices I assume, by the King's command, the government of these Provinces, with the certainty that your co-operation will not be wanting to me. "The Lieutenant of the King,

"ALFONSO LA MARMORA.

66

Rome, October 11, 1870."

We publish the following Address of General Cadorna to the Romans, on giving up the post which had been conferred on him by the Royal Government :

"Romans!

"I have resigned into the hands of the Lieutenant of the King the exceptional powers which the Government bestowed on me.

"I thank you, Romans, for the active co-operation which you afforded me in that short space of time.

"I doubt not but that you will continue to assist those who have been worthily ordered to give a fixed arrangement to the various Administrations, and to facilitate the union of these with the other Provinces of the Kingdom.

"I shall remember with peculiar satisfaction the proofs which you have given of patriotism, of agreement, and of rejoicing, never apart from the strictest order. "Thus, in every circumstance, I shall preserve the recollection of these glorious days of civil virtue which have, thanks to you, so much facilitated my task. "The General commanding the IVth Army Corps, (Signed) "R. CADORNA.

"Rome, October 11, 1870."

Inclosure 2 in No. 65.

Extract from the "Gazzetta Ufficiale di Roma" of October 10, 1870.

VITTORIO EMMANUELE II, per grazia di Dio e per volontà della Nazione Re

d'Italia.

Visto la Legge del 17 Marzo, 1861, No. 4671;

Visto il risultamento del plebiscito, col quale i cittadini delle provincie Romane, convocati nei Comizi il giorno 2 del corrente mese di Ottobre, hanno dichiarato l'unione al Regno d'Italia colla Monarchia costituzionale di Vittorio Emmanuele II e de' suoi successori ;

Considerando che i voti espressi dal Parlamento per compiere l'unità nazionale, e le conformi dichiarazioni del Governo ricordate anche nei bandi, che invitarono le popolazioni Romane a dare il loro suffragio per l'unione al Regno, mantennero costantemente il concetto che, cessato il dominio temporale della Chiesa, si avesse ad assicurare l'indipendenza dell' autorità spirituale del Sommo Pontefice;

Sulla proposta del Consiglio dei Ministri,

Abbiamo decretato e decretiamo:

Articolo 1. Roma e le provincie Romane fanno parte integrante del Regno d'Italia. Art. 2. Il Sommo Pontefice conserva la dignità, la inviolabilità, e tutte le prerogative personali di Svvrano.

Art. 3. Con apposita legge verranno sancite le condizioni atte a garantire. anche con franchigie territoriali, l'indipendenza del Sommo Pontefice e il libero esercizio dell' autorità spirituale della Santa Sede.

Art. 4. L'Articolo 82 dello Statuto sarà applicabile alle provincie Romane sino a che le provincie medesime non siano rappresentate nel Parlamento Nazionale.

Art. 5. Il presente Decreto sarà presentato al Parlemento per essere convertito in legge.

Ordiniamo che il presente Decreto, munito del sigillo dello Stato, sia inserto nella Raccolta Ufficiale delle Leggi e dei Decreti del Regno d'Italia, mandando a chiunque spetti di osservarlo e di farlo osservare.

Italy.

Decree.

VICTOR EMMANUEL II, by the Grace of God and the will of the nation King of

In view of the law of the 17th March, 1861, No. 4761;

In view of the result of the plebiscite by which the citizens of the Roman Provinces, assembled in the Comitia on the 2nd of October current, have declared the union to the Kingdom of Italy with the constitutional monarchy of Victor Emmanuel II and of his

successors;

Considering that the votes given by the Parliament to carry out the national unity and the similar declarations of the Government, recalled also in the proclamations which invited the Roman populations to give their suffrages for the union of the kingdom, have constantly maintained the principle that, the temporal dominion of the Church having ceased, it was right to secure the independence of the spiritual authority of the Sovereign Pontiff';

On the proposal of the Council of the Ministers,

We have decreed and do decree:

Article 1. Rome and the Roman Provinces form an integral part of the Kingdom of Italy.

Art. 2. The Sovereign Pontiff preserves the dignity, inviolability, and all the personal prerogatives of a Sovereign.

Art. 3. A special law will sanction the conditions for the guarantee, even by territorial immunities ("franchigie territoriali") of the independence of the Sovereign Pontiff and the free exercise of the spiritual authority of the Holy See.

Art. 4. Article 82 of the Statute will be applied to the Roman Provinces until they are represented in the National Parliament.

Art. 5. The present Decree will be presented to Parliament to be made into law. We command, &c.

We order that the present Decree, sealed with the seal of State, shall be inserted in the official collection of the laws and Decrees of the Kingdom of Italy, commanding all whom it behoves to observe it and cause it to be observed.

Given at Florence this 9th day of October, 1870.

My Lord,

Sir A. Paget to Earl Granville.-(Received October 25.)

Florence, October 15, 1870.

I HAVE the honour to inclose herewith a translation from the "Italie" of the reply of the Pope, published in the "Unità Cattolica," to the letter which His Majesty the King of Italy transmitted to His Holiness by the hands of Count Ponza di San Martino on the 10th September last.

I am informed that this is an authentic document.

"L'UNITA CATTOLICA" publie la réponse de Pie IX à la lettre de Sa Majesty Victor Emmanuel. Nous la reproduisons à titre de document :

"Majesté,

"Au Roi Victor Emmanuel II.

"Le Comte Ponza di San Martino m'a remis une lettre que votre Majesté a bien voulu m'adresser; elle n'est pas digne d'un fils affectueux qui se fait gloire de professer la foi Catholique. Je n'entre pas dans les détails de cette lettre, pour ne pas renouveler la douleur qu'une première lecture m'a causée. Je bénis Dieu qui a permis à votre Majesté de combler d'amertume la dernière période de ma vie.

"Du reste, je ne peux admettre certaines demandes ni me conformer à certains principes contenus dans votre lettre.

66

J'invoque de nouveau Dieu, et je remets dans ses mains ma cause, qui est entièrement la sienne. Je le prie d'accorder bien des grâces à votre Majesté, de la délivrer des dangers et de lui dispenser les miséricordes dont elle a besoin.

"Du Vatican, le 11 Septembre, 1870."

(Translation.)

(Signé)

"PIE IX, Pape.

"L'UNITA CATTOLICA " publishes the answer of Pius IX to the letter of His Majesty Victor Emmanuel. We reproduce it below:

"Sire,

"To the King Victor Emmanuel.

"THE Count Ponza di San Martino has delivered to me a letter which your Majesty has been pleased to address to me; it is not worthy of an affectionate son who boasts of professing the Catholic faith. I do not enter into the details of this letter, so as not to