the violence done him would lose none of their effect in the eyes of the rest of Christendom would he but follow the dictates of mercy and prudence.

(Translation.)

Inclosure 1 in No. 37.

Extract from the "Giornale di Roma" of September 12, 1870.

Rome, September 12, 1870. KING VICTOR EMMANUEL has sent Count Ponza di San Martino to Rome as the bearer of his letter to the Holy Father. The King commences the letter with declarations of his filial affection, his Catholic faith, and his Royal loyalty. The purport, nevertheless, of the letter is to announce that, being unable to resist, as is asserted therein, the Party of Action and the so-called national aspiration, it is determined to take possession of the remaining territory of the Holy See.

Any comment upon this unjustifiable act is superfluous, as it is also needless to say that the Holy Father has concisely declared himself opposed to any proposition whatsoever.

Inclosure 2 in No. 37.

Proclamation.

Romans,

AN attempt is about to be made to accomplish a most horrible crime.

The august Pope, while in the peaceful possession of his capital and of the few provinces left under his rule by the usurpation, is threatened, without any cause, by the troops of a Catholic King.

Rome, therefore, is declared by superior authorization in a state of siege, and pacific and honest citizens are invited to remain quietly in their houses, so that the soldiery may keep a watch on the few evil-intentioned persons who wish to disturb order and to endanger public security.

Rome, September 12, 1870.

The General Commanding the Troops, (Signed)

KANZLER.

Inclosure 3 in No. 37.

Extract from the "Osservatore Romano" of September 13, 1870.

(Translation.) Florence, September 13, 1870. THE Official Gazette publishes Cadorna's Proclamation to the Romans, in which he

says:

"The army comes amongst you to watch over the security of Italy and your liberty.

"The independence of the Holy See will be more inviolable through the medium of civil liberty than under the protection of strangers.

"We do not arm to bring war, but peace and order.

"It is not my duty to interfere in the Administrative Government, which you must provide for.

"My task is limited to the maintenance of public order, and to the defence of the inviolability of the soil of our common fatherland."

No. 38.

(Extract.)

Mr. Jervoise to Earl Granville.-(Received September 27.)

Rome, September 16, 1870. IN the course of yesterday a parlementaire arrived in Rome and delivered to General Kanzler a letter from General Cadorna, stating that the Italian army was approaching Rome, that its mission was not one of war but "conservatrice," to protect the Pope and the people from revolutionary attempts, for which object General Cadorna

requested that the troops under his command should at once be admitted into the city, and the foreign soldiers in the service of His Holiness be dismissed.

By order of the Pope, this officer was informed that His Holiness had perfect confidence in his own people; that he had no reason to fear a revolution; that his own troops sufficed to maintain order, both in Rome and the provinces, and that any attempt to enter forcibly would be by force opposed.

The "Giornale di Roma" of this evening, of which I have the honour to inclose a copy, publishes the written reply returned by General Kanzler to General Cadorna's communication; a translation of this document is also transmitted herewith.

Inclosure in No. 38.

Extract from the "Giornale di Roma" of September 16, 1870.

General Kanzler's sealed Reply to General Cadorna.

I HAVE received the invitation to permit the entry of the troops under your Excellency's command.

His Holiness desires to see Rome occupied by his own troops and not by those of another Sovereign.

I have the honour therefore to reply that I am resolved to resist with the means at my disposal, as honour and duty demand of us.

No. 39.

Mr. Jervoise to Earl Granville.-(Received September 27.)

(Extract.) Rome, September 21, 1870. AS soon as the cannonading was heard yesterday morning the Heads of the different Missions, accompanied by all the Members of their respective Staffs, repaired to the Vatican, in accordance with an invitation to that effect addressed to them by Cardinal Antonelli through the medium of M. Lorenzana, the Doyen of the Corps Diplomatique accredited to the Holy See. I had not been requested to accompany them on the occasion, as I was not officially recognized.

They were assembled at about 6 o'clock, when the Pope celebrated a mass, and shortly afterwards assisted at another in one of the private apartments. His Holiness then retired, until about 10 o'clock, when all were again summoned to the Pontiff's presence, and I am told he made them a very solemn and effective address.

He requested them to look out of window and to observe that a white banner was floating over the Fortress of St. Angelo. The time had come, he said, when he must bow his head to the will of the Almighty; that his own object had been to maintain for the Church the inheritance he had received, and which he had no power to alienate from it; but he now saw that God no longer desired that His Church should continue to exercise a temporal sovereignty, and that, recognizing His supreme Will, he could not st upon retaining it,

For himself, he continued, he had desired nothing but to guard the solemn charge which had been entrusted to him. At the present moment, however, there was one object which engaged all his anxious care, and that was the safety and considerate treatment of those devoted sons who had served with such singleness of purpose the dictates of their consience in enlisting in his service to defend the Church from the attacks of its worldly enemies. I allude, said His Holiness, especially to those who have left their homes, their families, and have contributed largely to maintain a righteous cause, and for that purpose have crossed the seas and come from great distances. Who, he asked, will look to the interests of the Canadians who have crossed the sea and shown such devotion to the Church?

On repeating the question, Baron Arnim named myself as having been charged by your Lordship, in the absence of Mr. Odo Russell, to protect the interests of British subjects.

"I implore you then, Gentlemen (je vous supplie")," said the Pope, "to let Mr. Jervoise know from me that I request he will do all in his power to obtain a kind consideration and honourable treatment for these Canadians; and I request that, in leaving me to go to the quarters of General Cadorna, as you will now do, you will take him with you."

As soon as the bombardment had ceased and I had ascertained positively that General Kanzler had exhibited the white flag, I considered I should show a proper respect, as I had been unable to attend the Pope with the rest of the Diplomatic Body, by waiting on Cardinal Antonelli. His Excellency received me with much kindness, and thanked me warmly when I explained the motives that had brought me to him. “But,' said he, "have you not been to the quarters of General Cadorna with the rest of the Corps Diplomatique? The Pope has especially begged that you should accompany them, in order to secure for the Canadians all the advantages which the Representatives of other countries obtain for their compatriots in His Holiness' service. Baron Arnim has promised to communicate his wishes to you.'

I informed his Eminence that I had received no such intimation, which had been probably forgotten in the confusion of the moment; but that I would lose no time in presenting myself to General Cadorna, and requesting that he would permit me to be associated with the rest of the Diplomatic Body in any joint action that might be agreed upon with regard to the foreign prisoners of war.

On my way to the Villa Albani, where General Cadorna had established his quarters, I met Baron Arnim, who was returning, and who then told me merely that the Pope had expressed a desire that I should speak with the Italian Commander-in-chief in the above I replied that, having just learned from Cardinal Antonelli His Holiness' wishes, I was on my way to see what could be done.

sense.

Baron Arnim had previously promised me, at my request on the 18th, that he would let me know what was proposed to be done in the way of a joint action.

The interview which the foreign Representatives had had with his Excellency seemed to have produced little result. Baron Arnim explained the object of their visit, to which General Cadorna replied courteously, "Allow me to remind you, M. le Ministre, that we have discussed this matter together at great length, and that the terms I shall insist on with regard to the foreigners in the service of the Pope, I made known to you twenty-four hours since. It remains for General Kanzler to accept them. They are not the same, as you know, I should have proposed had resistance not been persisted in."

As regards myself, General Cadorna, with whom I was already acquainted, as well as M. Blanc who accompanied him, stated that they had already been made aware through Her Majesty's Minister at Florence with my position here; that I was quite en règle as far as they were concerned, and that they were quite ready to listen to any representation I might have to make to them.

I trust that to-morrow I may be enabled to give your Lordship some information respecting the terms of the capitulation, which have not been communicated, as far as 1 can ascertain as yet to any of the Diplomatic Corps.

I have the honour to inclose in original and translation, for your Lordship's information, a copy of the note addressed by Cardinal Antonelli to the Representatives of foreign Courts accredited to the Holy See, embodying the Pope's protest against the invasion of the Roman territory, together with his Eminence's note to myself with which he has been pleased to transmit this document.

Inclosure 1 in No. 39.

(Translation.) Sir,

Cardinal Antonelli to Mr. Jervoise.

Rome, September 21, 1870.

IN consequence of the unfortunate events just accomplished in Rome, a note has been addressed to the Corps Diplomatique, accredited to the Holy See, in order to expostulate and protest against the sacrilegious and violent spoliation of the remnant of the Pontifical territory, including the capital. I believe I shall do what will be agreeable to yourself in transmitting herewith a copy of the same, to be used as may appear desirable to you.

I avail, &c.

(Signed)

G. CARDINAL ANTONELLI

Inclosure 2 in No. 39.

Note addressed by Cardinal Antonelli to Foreign Representatives at Rome.

(Translation.)

Vatican, September 20, 1870. THE violent usurpations of the greater portion of the States of the Church are well known to your Excellency, which were committed in June 1859, and in September in the following year 1860, by the Government established in Florence; and you are also aware of the solemn reclamations and protests against the sacrilegious spoliation, made by His Holiness, either in allocutions pronounced in Consistory, and afterwards published, or in notes addressed in his Sovereign name by the undersigned Cardinal Secretary of State to the Corps Diplomatique, accredited to the Holy See.

The invading Government would not certainly have relinquished the accomplishment of their sacrilegious spoliation, had not the French Government, aware of their ambitious projects, hindered them by taking under their protection its limited territory, and maintaining a garrison there.

But in consequence of the agreement established between the French Government and that of Florence, whereby it was intended to assure the preservation and tranquillity of the States which remained to the Holy See, the French troops were withdrawn. The agreement, however, was not respected; and in September 1867, some hordes, pushed forward by secret hands, invaded the Pontifical territory with the wicked design of surprising and occupying Rome. The French troops then returned, and backing up our faithful soldiers, who already were victoriously resisting the invasion, ended on the field of Mentana, by putting a stop to the audacity of the invaders, and completely dispelled their iniquitous designs.

The French Government, however, on the occasion of the declaration of war with Prussia, having recalled their troops, did not fail to remind that of Florence of the guarantees they had contracted by means of the above-named agreement, and to obtain from them the most formal assurances of their observance. But the fortunes of war having turned out unfavourably for France, the Government of Florence, availing itself of these misfortunes, in spite of their pledges, took the disloyal resolution of sending a powerful army, and by that means of completing the spoliation of the States of the Holy See, at a time when there existed everywhere, notwithstanding the unjust incitements that came from without, the most perfect quiet; and those who held everywhere, and especially here in Rome, spontaneous and continual demonstrations of fidelity, attachment, and a filial love for the august person of the Holy Father.

Before carrying out this last act of outrageous injustice, Count Ponza di San Martino was sent to Rome as the bearer of a letter written to the Holy Father by King Victor Emmanuel, in which he declared that, in consequence of the inability of the Government of Florence to restrain the order of the national aspirations, and the agitation of the party of action, he was compelled to occupy Rome and the remainder of its territory. Your Excellency can easily imagine the profound grief and lively indignation with which the mind of the Holy Father was moved by so unheard-of a declaration. Nevertheless, firm in the fulfilment of his sacred duties, and fully relying on Divine Providence, he uncompromisingly rejected every proposal, as it was his duty to preserve his sovereignty intact, as it had been transmitted to him by his predecessors.

In presence of this fact, which violates the sacred principles of all law, and especially that of nations, a fact accomplished under the eyes of all Europe, His Holiness has commanded the undersigned Cardinal Secretary of State to expostulate and protest against the infamous and sacrilegious spoliation just committed in the domains of the Holy See, holding the King and his Government responsible for all the damages incurred by the Holy See and by the Pontifical subjects from so violent and sacrilegious an usurpation.

His Holiness has, moreover, commanded it to be declared, as the Undersigned in bis august name does declare, that such usurpation is void, null, and of no value, nor can any prejudice be imposed to his incontrovertible and legitimate rights of domain and possession both in his own person, as well as in that of his successors in perpetuity; and though force deprives him of the exercise of it, His Holiness intends and will preserve it, so as to reserve his Royal possessions intact at the proper moment.

The undersigned Cardinal in informing your Excellency, by express desire of the Holy Father, of the unjustifiable event, of the consequent protests and remonstrances, so that you may bring it all to the knowledge of your Government, ventures the hope that you will use the necessary interest in favour of the Supreme Head of the Catholic

Church, who is placed in a position which prevents the exercise of his spiritual authority with that liberty and independence which are indispensable for him.

Having thus fulfilled the Sovereign's will, it only remains for the Undersigned to avail, &c.

Foreign Office, September 27, 1870.

Sır, IN the course of the conversation which I had with the Chevalier Cadorna this afternoon, he spoke of the entry of the Italian troops into Rome. He stated that the attitude of the troops had been good, and that the Pope had requested that Italian soldiers might be sent into the Leonine city, to maintain order. This had been done, and the Roman question had apparently been quietly settled.

I thanked M. Cadorna for this and his previous communication.

I am, &c.

My Lord,

No. 41.

Sir A. Paget to Earl Granville.-(Received September 28.)

Florence, September 24, 1870. I HAD yesterday a conversation with the Minister of Finance, and can no longer have any doubt that the seat of Government will be transferred from Florence to Rome as soon after the vote in Parliament has been taken, as it can be practically effected.

The plebiscite is to take place, as I have already reported, on the 2nd of October: the election lists will then be prepared and the elections for members to represent the Roman populations in the Chamber of Deputies will follow as soon as can be. The whole process will presumably occupy about five or six weeks, so that the Italian Parliament will probably be called together the 2nd week in November, and the question of the transfer of the capital will at once be submitted to its deliberation.

Taking as a basis for calculation the time which elapsed between the adoption of Florence as the capital and the actual transfer of the Government there, it will be safe to assume that the change from Florence to Rome cannot be effected in less than a twelvemonth from the day when the vote may be given.

On my mentioning to M. Sella some of the practical difficulties which have been urged in reference to the establishment of the capital at Rome, his Excellency did not deny their existence; but he thought they looked more formidable at a distance than they would prove to be in reality. At all events the Government had no choice but to confront them.

M. Sella reminded me that "Rome, capital of Italy," had been the programme of every statesman in Italy, from Count Cavour down to the present day; it had been over and over again affirmed by votes in both Houses of the Legislature; and it was the one point on which the heart of the country was set. How could any Government therefore, under the present circumstances, Rome having been already occupied by the military forces of the country, the French Government not only consenting to, but applauding that step, (the French Minister, his Excellency informed me, had just made a communication in this sense), while the other Governments in Europe were equally sympathetic in their attitude,-how, he enquired, was it possible for the Italian Government to hesitate in giving eflect to the national wishes. They could not do so, even if they desired it; but for his part, he frankly owned that to see the Capital at Rome had always been the object of his ambition, and he had always been determined to take advantage of any circumstances which might occur while he was Minister, for realizing it. The newspapers, he said, give but a faint idea of the enthusiasm and depth of public feeling in the country upon this subject. Addresses to the King and the Government were literally coming in in piles.