MEDICAL AND SURGICAL JOURNAL.

VOL. C. THURSDAY, JANUARY 2, 1879. NO. I.

THE MEDICAL JOURNALS OF THE UNITED STATES.

BY J. S. BILLINGS, M. D., SURGEON UNITED STATES ARMY.

THE Boston Medical and Surgical Journal has now been issued for fifty years, and it is thought that some account of the medical journals which have appeared in this country to the present time will form a fitting and useful introduction to what it is hoped will prove to be the second half century of its existence.

The first number of this journal is dated February 19, 1828, and formed the continuation and consolidation of the New England Journal of Medicine and Surgery and the Boston Medical Intelligencer, the particulars with regard to which will be found in the list to be given at the end of these remarks.

The first editors of this journal were Drs. J. C. Warren, W. Channing, and John Ware. After these came Dr. Chandler Robbins and Dr. James Wilson, and in Vol. XI., 1835, the name of Dr. J. V. C. Smith appears on the title-page (MS. note of Dr. B. E. Cotting), the publication of the journal at the same time passing into the hands of Mr. D. Clapp as publisher.

At the time of its commencement there were in existence in the United States eight medical journals, namely: in Philadelphia, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, The American Medical Recorder, The Monthly Journal of Foreign Medicine, The North American Medical and Surgical Journal, and The Philadelphia Monthly Journal of Medicine and Surgery (which ceased February 28, 1828); in New York, The New York Medical and Physical Journal; in Cincinnati, The Western Medical and Physical Journal; and in Lexington, Ky., the Transylvania Journal of Medicine and the Associate Sciences.

Prior to this time thirty-one medical journals had been commenced in the United States, twenty-three of which had suspended or merged in other journals.

The following table shows by quinquennial periods the number of medical journals which have commenced and ceased in this country, excluding those devoted to pharmacy and dentistry:

The following mortality statistics of our medical journals will be found interesting:

The preceding tables, if examined in connection with the following list of our medical journals as arranged by States, afford abundant material for comment and reflection, but it is believed that the limited space available can be more usefully employed in giving the list referred to than in pointing out the errors of those who are responsible for the existence of such a list. It is as useless to advise a man not to start a new journal as it is to advise him not to commit suicide.

As I have elsewhere remarked, the motive for the existence of the minor journals is not for direct profit, but as an indirect advertisement, or — and this is more common — the desire to have a place in which the editor can speak his mind and attack his enemies without restraint. How shall the would-be journalist be persuaded that no one except his personal acquaintances will care anything about his opinions, his praise, or his blame?

It will be found interesting to compare the geographical distribution of this class of publications, and to inquire why, for instance, Baltimore medical journals are so short-lived, why New England has produced so few in comparison with Ohio and Kentucky, etc., etc.

LIST OF MEDICAL JOURNALS OF THE UNITED STATES ARRANGED BY STATES.

ARKANSAS.—The Arkansas Medical Record. Monthly. Conducted by J. I. Hall. Little Rock. Nos. 1-4, Vol. I. January to April, 1878.

8vo.

CALIFORNIA. - The San Francisco Medical Journal. W. H. Miller, Editor. San Francisco. No. 1, Vol. I. January, 1856. 8vo. The California State Medical Journal. Quarterly. J. F. Morse, Editor. Sacramento. Vol. I. July, 1856, to April, 1857. 8vo. The Marysville Medical and Surgical Reporter. Quarterly. L. Hubbard and H. W. Teed, Editors. San Francisco. No. 1, Vol. I. November, 1858. 8vo. The Pacific Medical and Surgical Journal. Monthly. Edited by J. B. Trask and others. San Francisco. Vols. I-IX. 1858-67. New Series, Vols. I.-XI. 1867-78. 8vo. Current. In 1865 absorbed the following, and added the words "and Press " to its title. The San Francisco Medical Press. Quarterly. Edited by E. S. Cowper. San Francisco. Vols. I.-IV. 1860-65. 8vo. Consolidated with the preceding. California Medical Gazette. Monthly. Edited by T. Bennett and others. San Francisco. Vols. I.-II. July, 1868, to August, 1870 4to. The Western Lancet. Monthly. Edited by E. Trenor and others. Vols. I.-VII. 1872-78. 8vo.

San Francisco.
CONNECTICUT.

The

Edited by L. Ray and others. Hartford. 1868-78. 8vo. The Quarterly Journal 8vo.

The Monthly Journal of Medicine. Hartford. Conducted by an association of physicians. Vols. I.-VI. January, 1823, to December, 1825. 8vo. The American Annals of the Deaf and Dumb. Quarterly. Vols. I-XXIII. 1847-61. Washington, D. C. of Inebriety. Hartford. Vols. I.-II. 1876-78. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.- The Register and Library of Medical and Chirurgical Science. Weekly. Edited by G. S. Pattison and J. Hagan. Washington. Vols. I.-II. 1833-36. 8vo. Vol. II. ends abruptly with page 440. The National Medical Journal. Quarterly. Washington. Edited by C. C. Cox and others. Vols. I.-II. 1870-72. Became monthly in Vol. II. No. 10, Vol. II., last published. National Medical Review. Walter S. Wells, Editor. Monthly. No. 1, Vol. I. December, 1878. Washington, D. C. 8vo. GEORGIA - The Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. Monthly. Edited by M. Antony and J. A. Eve. Augusta. Vols. I.-III. 1836-39. New Series, Vols. I.-XVII., 1845-61. Third Series, Vol. I. 1866-67. 8vo. The Georgia Blister and Critic. Monthly. Edited by H. A. Ramsay and W. T. Grant. Atlanta. Vol. I., and No. 1, Vol. II. 185455. 8vo. Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal. Monthly. Edited by J. P. Logan, W. F. Westmoreland, and others. Atlanta. Vols. I-XVII. 1855-61, 1866-78. 8vo. The Oglethorpe Medical and Surgical Journal. Bi-Monthly. H. L. Boyd and others, Editors. Savannah. Vols. I-III. 1858-61. 8vo. The Savannah Journal of Medicine. BiMonthly. Edited by J. S. Sullivan, R. D. Arnold, and others. Savannah. Vols. I.-IV. 1858-61. New Series, Vol. V. 1866. 8vo. The Georgia Medical and Surgical Encyclopædia. Monthly. Edited by H. N. Hollifield and T. W. Newsome. Sandersville. Nos. 1-8, Vol. I. May to December, 1860. 8vo. The Semi-Monthly Medical and Surgical Journal. Edited by E. F. and J. J. Knott. Griffin, Ga. Nos. 1-4, Vol. I. 1871. 8vo. The Georgia Medical Companion. Monthly. Edited by T. S. Powell and W. T. Goldsmith. Atlanta. Vols. I-II. 1871-72. 8vo. Continued as the following. The Southern Medical Record. Monthly. Atlanta. Vols. III.-VIII. 1873-78. 8vo. Continuation of preceding.

ILLINOIS. The Illinois Medical and Surgical Journal. Monthly. Edited by J. V. Z. Blaney. Chicago. Vols. I-II. 1844-46. 8vo. Continued as the following. The Illinois and Indiana Medical and Surgical Journal. Bi-Monthly. Edited by J. V. Z. Blaney, D. Brainard, and others. Chicago. Vols. I.-II. 1846-48. 8vo. Continuation of the preceding, and continued as the following. The Northwestern Medical and Surgical Journal. BiMonthly. Edited by W. B. Herrick and J. Evans. Chicago. Vols. V.-XIV. 1848-57. 8vo. Continuation of the preceding, and continued as the following. The Chicago Medical Journal. Monthly. Edited by N. S. Davis and W. H. Byford. Chicago. Vols. XV.XXXI. 1858-75. 8vo. Continuation of the preceding, and consolidated with the Medical Examiner, Chicago, forming the following. Vols. XXV. and XXVI. Semi-Monthly. The Chicago Medical Journal and Examiner. Edited by W. H. Byford and others. Chicago. Vols. XXXII.-XXXVII. 1875–78. 8vo. Current. Formed by the consolidation of the pre

ceding with the Chicago Medical Examiner. The Northwestern Medical Intelligencer. BiMonthly. Chicago. 1851. 8vo. This alternated with the Northwestern Medical and Surgical Journal, of which it formed a part. The Chicago Medical Examiner. Monthly. Edited by N. S. Davis and E. A. Steele. Chicago. Vols. I-XII. 1860-71. 8vo. Continued as the following. The Medical Examiner. Chicago. Semi-Monthly. Edited by N. S. and F. H. Davis. Vols. XIII. -XVI. 1872-75. 4to. In September, 1875, united with The Chicago Medical Journal, forming The Chicago Medical Journal and Examiner. The Military Tract Medical Reporter. L. S. and C. A. Lambert. Galesburg, Ill. Prospectus issued in August, 1871, but the journal never appeared. The Chicago Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. Edited by J. S. Jewell and others. Chicago. Vols. I.-II. 1874-75. 8vo. Continued as the following. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. Edited by J. S. Jewell and others. Chicago. Vols. I-III., New Series. 1876-78. 8vo. Continuation of the preceding. The Medical Register and Advertiser. Quarterly. Edited by J. I. Hale. Anna, Ill. Nos. 1-2, Vol. I. 1875. 8vo. The Monthly Journal of the Southern Illinois Medical Association. Edited by C. W. Dunning and H. Wardner. Cairo. Vols. I.II. 1877-78. Vol. I. in six numbers. Current. The lilinois Medical Recorder. Monthly. Edited by R. E. Beach. Published under the auspices of the District Medical Society of Central Illinois. Nos. 1-6. June to November, 1878. 8vo. Current. The American Medical Review and Index. Monthly. James I. Hale, Editor. Anna, Ill. Nos. 1-3. July to September, 1878. 8vo. Current.

INDIANA. — The Indiana Medical Journal. Quarterly. Edited by W. H. Byford and H. Ronalds. Evansville. No. 1, Vol. I. 1854. 8vo. Running title of first signature is The Evansville Medical Journal, etc. The Indiana Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Monthly. Edited by J. Jackson and T. W. Forshee. Madison. No. 1, Vol. I. 1855. 8vo. The Indiana Journal of Medicine. Monthly. Edited by T. W. Stevens and others. Indianapolis. Vols. I.-VI. 1870-75. 8vo. After September, 1875, united with The Cincinnati Lancet and Observer. The Western Retrospect of Medicine and Surgery. Monthly. Edited by H. M. Harvey, H. A. Lewis, and others. Evansville. Vol. I. January to December, 1872.

IOWA.

8vo.

- The Western Medico-Chirurgical Journal. Monthly Edited by J. F. Sanford and S. G. Armor. Keokuk. Vols. I.-II. 1850-53, No. 1, Vol. III. 1854. 8vo. The Iowa Medical Journal. Monthly. Edited by J. C. Hughes and W. R. Marsh. Keokuk. Five volumes. 1853-69. 8vo. The Iowa Catlin. Monthly. Edited by E. Lawrence. Osceola, Iowa. Nos. 1 and 2. April and May, 1878. 8vo.

KANSAS. - The Leavenworth Medical Herald. Monthly. Edited by C. A. Logan, T. Sinks, and others. Leavenworth. Vols. I-III. 1867-70. 8vo. Continued as the following. The Leavenworth Medical Herald and Journal of Pharmacy. Leavenworth. Vols. IV.-V. 1870-72. 8vo. Continuation of the preceding and succeeded by the following. The Medical Herald. Leavenworth. Vols. VI.-IX. 1872-75. 8vo. Continuation of the preceding.

KENTUCKY. The Transylvania Journal of Medicine and the Associate Sciences. Quarterly. Edited by J. E. Cooke and C. W. Short. Lexington, Ky. Vols. I.-XII. 1828-39. 8vo. The Louisville Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Quarterly. Edited by L. P. Yandell, H. Miller, and others. Louisville. Nos. 1 and 2, Vol. I. 1838. 8vo. January, 1840, revived, and consolidated with the Western Journal of the Medical and Physical Sciences, forming the following. The Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Monthly. Edited by D. Drake and L. P. Yandell. Louisville. Thirty-two volumes. 1840-55. 8vo. Continuation of the preceding and continued as the following. The Louisville Review. Monthly. Edited by S. D. Gross and T. G. Richardson. Louisville. Vol. I. 1856. 8vo. Continuation of the preceding. In January, 1857, united with The Medical Examiner, Philadelphia, forming the North American Medico-Chirurgical Review. The Western and Southern Medical Recorder. Monthly. Edited by J. C. Cross. Lexington. Vol. I. 1841-42. Nos. 1-4. Vol. II. 1843. 8vo. Merged in the Western Lancet. The Transylvania Medical Journal. Bi-Monthly. Edited by E. L. Dudley. Five volumes. 1849-54. Lexington and Louisville. Vol. III. is Vol. I. New Series. Title, The Kentucky Medical Recorder. The Louisville Medical Gazette. Bi-Weekly. Edited by L. J. Frazer. Louisville. Nos. 1-7, Vol. I. 1859. 8vo. The Semi-Monthly Medical News. Edited by S. M. Be

miss and J.W. Benson. Louisville. Vols. I.-III. 1859-60. 8vo. Vols. II. and III. Title. The Monthly Medical News. The Louisville Medical Journal. Monthly. Edited by T. W. Colescott. Louisville. Nos. 1-6, Vol. I. 1860. 8vo. The Richmond and Louisville Medical Journal. Monthly. E. S. Gaillard, Editor. Louisville. Vols. VI.-XXVI. 1868-78. 8vo. Continuation of the Richmond Medical Journal. The American Practitioner. Formerly Western Journal of Medicine. Monthly. Edited by D. W. Yandell and T. Parvin. Louisville. Vols. L-XVIII. 1870-78. 8vo. Current. The Louisville Medical Reporter. Weekly. Edited by J. L. Cook and others. Henderson. No. 1, Vol. I. 1874. 8vo. The American Medical Weekly. E. S. Gaillard, Editor. Louisville. Vols. I.-IV. 1874-76. 8vo. Continued as the following. Vol. II. is paged consecutively with Vol. I. The American Medical Bi-Weekly. E. S. Gaillard, Editor. Louisville. Vols. VI.-IX. 1877-78. 8vo. Continuation of the preceding. The Louisville Medical News. Weekly. Edited by R. O. Cowling and others. Louisville. Vols. I.-VI. 1876-78. 8vo. Current. LOUISIANA. Journal de la Société médicale de la Nouvelle Orleans. Quarterly. Drs. Fortin, Daret, and others. New Orleans. Année I. 1839. 8vo. The New Orleans Medical Journal. Bi-Monthly. Edited by E. D. Fenner and A. Hester. New Orleans. Vol. I. 1844-45. 8vo. Continued as the following. The New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal. Bi-Monthly. Edited by W. M. Carpenter, E. D. Fenner, and others. New Orleans. Vols. II.-XX. 1845-61 and 1866-67. 8vo. Consolidated with the Southern Journal of the Medical Sciences, forming the following. The New Orleans Journal of Medicine. Quarterly. Edited by S. M. Bemiss and W. S. Mitchell. New Orleans. Vols. XXI-XXIII. 1868-70. 8vo. Continued as the following in 1873. The New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal. New Series. Bi-Monthly. Edited by S. M. Bemiss. New Orleans. Vols. I-IV. 1873-78. 8vo. Current. The Louisiana Medical and Surgical Journal. Title of a periodical projected in 1845, but never issued, the New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal taking its place. The New Orleans Monthly Medical Register. Edited by A. F. Axon. Vols. I.-II. 1851-53. 8vo. In March, 1854, merged in The New Orleans Medical News and Hospital Gazette. L'Union médicale de la Louisiane. Monthly. C. Deléry, Editor. New Orleans. Vol. I. 1852. 8vo. The New Orleans Medical News and Hospital Gazette. Semi-Monthly. Edited by S. Choppin, C. Beard, and others. New Orleans. Vols. I-VII. 1854-61. 8vo. Continued as the following. The New Orleans Medical Times. Monthly. Edited by A. Peniston. New Orleans. Nos. 1-3. 1861. 8vo. Continuation of the preceding. Journal de la Société médicale de la Nouvelle Orleans. Monthly. Edited by Dr. Thiery. Vol. I. Nos. 1-8, Vol. II. 1859-61. The New Orleans Medical Record. Semi-Monthly. Edited by B. Dowler and S. R. Chambers. New Orleans. Nos. 1-4, Vol. I. 1866. Royal 8vo. The Southern Journal of the Medical Sciences. Quarterly. E. D. Fenner, D. W. Brickell, and others. New Orleans. Vols. I.II. 1866-67. 8vo. In January, 1868, consolidated with the New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal, forming the New Orleans Journal of Medicine.

MAINE. The Journal of the Medical Society of the State of Maine. Hallowell. No. 1, Vol. I. January, 1834. 8vo. The Maine Medical and Surgical Reporter. Monthly. Edited by W. R. Richardson and R. W. Cummings. Portland. Vol. I. 1858-59. 8vo. MARYLAND. — The Baltimore Medical and Physical Recorder. Quarterly. Conducted by T. Watkins. Baltimore. Vol. I., and No. 1 of Vol. II. 1808-09. 8vo. The Baltimore Medical and Philosophical Lyceum. Quarterly. Edited by N. Potter. Baltimore. One volume. 1811. 8vo. The Vaccine Inquirer. Monthly. Baltimore. No. 1, February, 1822; No. 4, May, 1822; No. 5, 1824. Announced as monthly, but published at irregular intervals. The Baltimore Philosophical Journal and Review. Quarterly. Edited by J. B. Davidge. Baltimore. No. 1. July, 1823. 8vo. The Maryland Medical Recorder. Quarterly. Edited by H. G. Jameson. Baltimore. Vols. I.-III. 1829-32. 8vo. The Baltimore Monthly Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Edited by N. R. Smith. Baltimore. One volume. 1830-31. 8vo. The Baltimore Medical and Surgical Journal and Review. Quarterly. Edited by E. Geddings. Baltimore. Vols. I-II. 1833-34. 8vo. Continued as the following. North American Archives of Medical and Surgical Science. Monthly. Edited by E. Geddings. Baltimore. Vols. I.-II. 1834-35. 8vo. Continuation of the preceding. The Maryland Medical and Surgical Journal and Official Organ of the Medical Department of the Army and Navy of the United States. Quarterly. Baltimore. Vols.