bers of our race have shown their capacity to enter upon the duties of Government. The few artisans we have are growing less by death, and there are none to fill their places. The policy which seeks to educate our children, without giving them the means of employing their education, is foolish and full of harm."

The need of industrial training in the colored schools, referred to by Mr. Straker, has recently obtained universal recognition, and it has within the past few years been made an important feature of nearly all their best institutions of learning.

The liberality of Mr. John F. Slater of Norwich, Connecticut, in bestowing $1,000,000, designed in his own words "for the Christian education of the lately emancipated people, and of their descendants in the Southern States," has through its wise disbursement by Dr. Haygood, the General Agent of the fund, been largely instrumental in the establishment of these industrial departments in the various institutions.

The primary object of these industries is to furnish to the student an opportunity to earn in the labor department a part or all of his or her expenses, while pursuing the studies of the literary department. Very nearly all the mechanical. pursuits are represented in the Industrial Schools, and the student can here, under a competent instructor, receive thorough training in almost any one direction in which his talents may lead or taste dictate. So that while the first object is as stated, a still more practical benefit to the student derived from the industrial system is the opportunity given to each one of becoming a skillful artisan, thus preparing him for more important and remunerative positions in after life than colored laborers have been accustomed to fill.

The education of the hand, as well as brain, has had a reflex influence for good upon the latter, as the habits of industry, method and precision acquired in the manual training, are found to be an excellent discipline in the pursuance of the literary branches. To the question whether students have lost or gained in the thoroughness of their literary work, since the

introduction of industrial training, it is invariably answered that they have decidedly gained. Mr. W. B. Patterson, President of Lincoln Normal University, at Marion, Alabama, in which institution the industries are very successfully carried on, says: "The training of the eye and hand has developed their general intelligence, cultivated their powers of observation, and given more precision to their work." He here refers

to the Academic department.

The great success of the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute of Virginia, which has the largest enrolment of any colored institution, is largely attributed to the able management of the industrial department, and the special attention given to training for the conduct of the practical affairs of life. It will be interesting to notice briefly the industries connected with this school:

The one earliest established was the farm. There are two of these, the Home and the Hemenway farms. It must be remembered that each department is under a competent manager. The Home farm has 494 acres under cultivation, including garden and orchard. The Hemenway, about five miles distant, has 541 acres devoted to the cultivation of corn, wheat, oats, clover, and two hundred acres of pasture land. Those students who are employed on the farms work during the day, and attend night school. A certain number have the care of the stock, which on the two farms amounts to over four hundred head, besides the poultry. Besides the regular work students, boys are detailed from the day school, who go in squads of five, and work on an average of one and a half days per week in good weather. The farms are of great advantage to the school, besides giving employment to the students, as they furnish the boarding department with almost all needful supplies.

The Huntington Industrial Works present a busy, bustling scene. The buzzing, whirring saws, and the flying wheels and hands, indicate the character of the work here performed. The departments of these Works are: The saw-mill, which has employed regularly fourteen students, besides fourteen boys from

the day school, who worked two days in the week; and the woodworking shop, which does practical house-building. The three years course covers every department of the trade of woodworking and house carpentry.

Stone Industrial Hall, a large and handsome building, furnishes room for the printing, sewing and knitting departments. The Printing Office and Bindery contains an improved Campbell press of latest design. Nine students and three exstudents and graduates, have been employed steadily. In the Girls' Industrial Room, where plain sewing, tailoring and dress-making are taught, twelve girls have sewed regularly every day, besides sixty, from the day schools in squads, working one or two days a week. Some of the regular workers apprentice themselves for two years, to learn the tailoring trade; others work at the dress-making trade, and look after the general sewing of the department, with a view to managing a similar business of their own, elsewhere; others are shirt-makers. The Knitting Room is supplied with a machine that will make a pair of mittens in about twelve minutes. This is done by the boys; while in the finishing room, girls sew or crochet up the ragged ends, assort, and bind them into packages for shipment.

The Engineer's Department has five boilers, with a total capacity of over 260 horse power. These supply heat for fifteen buildings, and power for the Printing Office, Gas Works, Laundry, Pumping Station, and for Cooking.

The Pierce Machine Shop has facilities to do general machine and tool work. Seven night students are employed regularly, besides day students working two days per week. Five apprentices work at night, in charge of the boiler, gas and water-works. This department also has charge of the sanitary and fire departments.

The

The Harness Shop turns off fine sets of harness. students take pride in good work. They like to see a hand· some harness growing under their hands. One student, who finished his apprenticeship at Hampton, taught a year for the money to purchase tools, and now has gone to Lynchburg to open a shop for himself there.

The Shoe Shop, within a year from July 1, 1886, made six hundred and five pairs of new shoes, besides repairing twelve hundred and eighty-nine pairs of old ones.

The Tin Shop, in the same year, filled a contract for over two thousand pieces of tinware, made and repaired, all required by the school, and put on six thousand square feet of tin roofing.

The Paint Shop does all the painting, varnishing, kalsomining and glazing, required by the many buildings belonging to the University. Of these, the most imposing are Virginia Hall, Memorial Chapel, Academic Hall and Stone Industrial Hall. The Huntington Industrial Works, also occupy a very large building.

The Wheelright and Blacksmith Shops do all kinds of blacksmithing, and manufacturing of carts and wagons.

The Household Work-making a home for over six hundred people includes the work of the Students' Boarding Department, the Laundry, the Cooking Class and the Diet Kitchen, which latter provides food for the sick or conva lescent.

Through the Department of the Green House, a lucrative business is carried on. Some of the gardens and grounds are cared for by the workers in this department.

The Girls' Garden contains two acres, and is laid out in vegetables, sweet herbs, fruits and flowers. The The purpose of this industry is two-fold: First, to furnish an employment for needy girls, at the same wages as boys receive for the same work; second, to give them practical instruction in this very important line of industry.

The Principal's Report of this school, for the year ending June, 1887, after referring to the opportunity given the student of meeting expenses, while acquiring a literary education through these industries, thus continues:

"Industrial training has a broader signifiance, reaching beyond the term of school life, and giving to boys and girls trades which will be a means of future support and independ

ence.

Besides this, the habits of industry thus acquired, the