end of this period Solomon Sanford assumed control of the institution, continuing its priucipal, however, only about a year. Under control of the Sanfords the school flourished, and was a great help to the Episcopal church. In 1856 Rev. C. S. Doolittle and Joseph Lindley became proprietors, and conducted the school about three years, when they concluded to move it to Mansfield, Ohio. This seemed to be at the time an unfortunate move for the school, and especially for the Episcopal church. The buildings were closed for a time. In 1860 Rev. N. S. Buxton and wife opened a ladies' female institute in the basement of the Baptist church, with the thought, probably, of reviving the Baptist seminary which had been replaced by the Episcopal. This school continued about two years, when Rev. M. Stone purchased the seminary buildings, and opened a school, when both schools were consolidated under Mr. Stone, and came again under control of the Baptist denomination, where it has ever since remained. The name was again changed to the Baptist Female seminary.

Mr. Stone gave good satisfaction as an instructor, but circumstances rendered it necessary for him to dispose of the property, which he did to its present proprietor, Rev. D. Shepardson, D.D., who became principal in 1867. Dr. Shepardson changed the name of the college to the Granville Female seminary.

DENISON UNIVERSITY. This institution was organized at Granville, Ohio, December 13, 1831, as, the Granville Literary and Theological institute, and incorporated February 3, 1832. Its first professor and president was the now venerable and highly esteemed John Pratt, D. D., who continued to occupy a position in its faculty until 1859, and now lives on a farm near the former site of the college, honored by all who know him.

The school was at first organized on the manual-labor idea, and was located on a farm of some one hundred and thirty-five acres, about one mile southwest of the village--the farm, valued at three thousand three hundred dollars, having been given by the Baptist church and citizens of Granville as an inducement to locate the school there. In 1837 Rev. Jonathan Going, D. D., then secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission society, was

called to the presidency, and moved to Granville, administering the affairs of the school to the great satisfaction of its friends until 1844, when he died. In 1845 the name was changed to Granville college, and in 1846 Rev. Silas Bailey, D. D., LL. D., was called to the presidency.

At a meeting of the trustees in August, 1833, the institution was organized into four departments, viz.: Preparatory, English, collegiate and theological.

The "manual labor system" adopted by this college was persevered in for some years. The students were required to be daily occupied with some kind of work, either on the farm or in some mechanical pursuit; the trustees early "resolved, as soon as practicable, to furnish them with work and the instruments for performing it, and to pay them the value of their labor."

In addition to Rev. John Pratt, who was then professor of moral philosophy, the first faculty consisted of Pascal Carter, A. M., professor of mathematics and natural philosophy; Asa Drury, A. M., professor of languages, and A. H. Frink, A. M., principal of the preparatory department.

In the spring of 1832, the buildings of the institution were destroyed by fire, which caused some embarrassment, but new and more commodious buildings were promptly erected during the ensuing summer.

In the Baptist Weekly Journal of November 29, 1831, published in New York city, Dr. Jonathan Going writes as follows regarding this institution:

"With such a corps of teachers as President Pratt, professors Carter, Drury and Frink (I speak from personal acquaintance with these gentlemen, except the last named), with a hundred pupils, including already a dozen regular college students; in a location so delightful and healthy, in the heart of the great and growing State of Ohio, where expenses are so small, and with arrangements for manual labor in agriculture and various branches of mechanic arts, which will at once diminish these, and promote health of body and mental vigor, it requires no spirit of prophecy to predict the future prosperity of the institution. I am persuaded, indeed, that it presents even now facilities for acquiring a thorough education inferior to none in the western valley, while it promises in future to hold respectable rank among similar institutions, which happily are rising into importance at different points."

During its early history the college was greatly straitened in its finances, and for years passed through the trials and vicissitudes incident to young institutions in those times. In 1852 Dr.

Bailey resigned, and in 1853 Rev. Jeremiah Hall, D. D., was elected to the position.

In 1855, the location of the college was changed. to the present elevated and beautiful site just north of the village, and its friends rallied and erected a new building which is four stories high, one hundred and thirty-three feet by eighty-three feet deep in the middle, with wings forty-five feet deep. It contains, besides recitation rooms and society halls, thirty-three suites of rooms (sitting room, bedroom,

and two closets), and accommodates sixty-six students.

In the following year (1856-7) a frame building, three stories in height, was erected. The present grounds contain twenty-four acres, nearly half of it being a grove of old forest trees.

From this time the school entered upon a new career of prosperity. The Baptists of Ohio began to rally around it, students came to it, and it was enabled to take an important place among the edu

cational institutions of the State. In 1853 the entire assets of the college, including all endowments, amounted to only thirteen thousand seven hundred and seventy-two dollars and sixty-five cents; but in 1856 William S. Denison, of Adamsville, gave ten thousand dollars toward the endowment, and in his honor the name was changed to Denison university.

In 1863 Dr. Hall resigned, and Rev. Samson Talbot, D. D., was elected to the presidency, and continued to discharge the duties of the office, to the great satisfaction of the trustees and patrons, until his sudden and lamented death in 1873. In 1869-70, the second building (that on the right hand in the cut) was erected, still larger in dimensions than the former. It contains a chapel, natural history room, and accommodations for seventytwo students. In 1863 the Baptist convention of Ohio undertook to raise an endowment of one hundred thousand dollars, which was completed in 1867, and the full amount has thus far been preserved intact, an income of six per cent. on the amount being available, annually, for the payment of salaries of professors. In 1872-3 another fund of seventy-five thousand dollars was raised and is held in like manner. These funds are largely due to the intelligent munificence of E. E. Barney, E. Thresher, and W. P. Huffman, of Dayton, J. M. Hoyt, of Cleveland, and other noble brethren. scattered throughout the State.

In 1875 Rev. E. Benjamin Andrews, A. M., was elected president, and continued in the office until 1879, when he resigned, and Rev. Alfred Owen, D. D., was elected to succeed him.

In 1877 W. H. Doane, musical doctor, of Cincinnati, donated to the college the sum of ten thousand dollars, for the purpose of erecting a building for the library and cabinet. This building was dedicated at the commencement in 1878.

It

is substantial and beautiful; and is believed to be as well adapted to its purpose as any such building in the country. It is called "Doane Hall.”

There is on the premises (unrepresented on the cut, hidden by Doane Hall), a wooden building originally erected on the farm above referred to, but removed to the present site and now appropriated to a gymnasium and armory for the use of the students. The present value of the buildings

and grounds is about seventy-five thousand dollars, and the endowment at the present time, with no debt, about one hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars, making the total value of the property two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, besides the library and apparatus.

The university library contains ten thousand volumes, and with the two society libraries makes the whole number of volumes available to the students at least founteen thousand.

The university library, in Doane hall, is open in term time, daily, except Sundays, for the use of the members of the college classes. The college reading room, open every forenoon and evening, is supplied with the choicest daily and weekly papers, and with the best English and American magazines and reviews.

The cabinet contains a choice selection of shells, and a full series of specimens for illustrations in geology, mineralogy, Zoology, and archæology. During term time it is open daily, except Sundays, to students and visitors. Students have the use of the university library, as well as the cabinet, free of charge. Both library and cabinet are receiving constant accessions.

There are two college literary societies-the Calliopean, founded in 1834, and the Franklin, founded in 1843. They publish a bi-monthly paper, the Denison Collegian, devoted to literary themes and college and town news. There is a literary society connected with the preparatory department-the Ciceronian. The society of Alumni was organized in 1859, and the Reading Room and Lecture association in 1873.

The aim of instruction has been, from the first, to secure the greatest accuracy and thoroughness. The graduates of the university have taken rank with any others in the professional schools where their studies have been continued, and in society.

The charter, amended in 1867, vests the management of the university in a board of thirty-six trustees, to be chosen exclusively from members in good standing and full fellowship in regular Baptist churches of Ohio, who shall hold their office only so long as they retain such membership and continue to reside in the State-five, at least, to be resident freeholders of Licking county. These are divided into classes of twelve each, the term

of office being three years. The following is the present board of trustees-term expires June, 1881: Honorable J. M. Hoyt, LL. D., Cleveland; D. Shepardson, D. D., Granville; Honorable T. W. Ewart, LL. D., Marietta; Rev. L. G. Leonard, D.D., Bucyrus; Rev. M. Stone, D. D., Lebanon; G. R. Sage, esq., Cincinnati; Rev. S. B. Page, D. D., Cleveland; E. M. Downer, Granville; Rev. G. W. Lasher, D.D., Cincinnati; J. B. Thresher, Dayton; Rev. H. L. Gear, Xenia; William Baker, Toledo.

Term expires June, 1882.-E. Thresher, LL D., Dayton; R. A. Holden, Cincinnati; E. E. Barney, LL. D., Dayton; Rev. D. A. Randall, D. D., Cleveland; Rev. A. Darrow, Cambridge; J. H. Tangeman, Lockland; E. E. Bryan, M. D., Granville; Rev. N. S. Burton, LL. D., Akron; Rev. S. W. Duncan, D. D., Cincinnati; Hon. J. B. Jones, Newark; L. D. Myers, Columbus; Ziba Crawford, Dayton.

Term expires June, 1883.-Rev. W. C. P. Rhoades, Granville; Rev. C. D. Morris, Toledo; G. F. Davis, Cincinnati; D. M. Shepardson, Granville; W. H. Doane, Mus. Doc., Cincinnati; Rev. I. F. Stidham, Columbus; W. P. Huffman, Dayton; Rev. H. F. Colby, Dayton; J. W. King, Xenia; Rev. F. Clatworthy, Norwalk; J. D. Rockefeller, Cleveland; M. E. Gray, Painesville.

These men are generally faithful to their trust, and give their best thought and most earnest attention to the affairs of the college. Twenty-one of them were present at the last meeting, and their deliberations were marked by great unanimity of thought and purpose.

The faculty is composed of men most of them long tried and found to be thoroughly prepared for and interested in their work. Dr. Owen, the president, has won the high regard of his colleagues and the entire confidence of the board, as well as the respect and esteem of students and citizens. There is to be no change in the corps of instructors for the coming year. The faculty consists of the following able men:

Rev. Alfred Owen, D. D., president; Maria Theresa Barney, professor of intellectual and moral philosophy; Almon U. Thresher, A. M., professor of rhetoric and English literature; Lewis E. Hicks, A. M., professor of natural sciences;

John L. Gilpatrick, A. M., Benjamin Barney, professor of mathematics and physics; Charles Chandler, A. M., professor of the Latin language and literature; Rev. Richard S. Colwell, A. M., professor of the Greek language and literature; John W. Moncrief, A. M., instructor in Latin, Greek and history (English and Greek,) and principal of preparatory department; Bunyan Spencer, A. B., instructor in Latin, Greek and history (United States and Roman); Leverette E. Akins, A. B., instructor in English grammar, elementary physics and mathematics; Professor Charles Chandler, librarian; Professor A. U. Thresher, curator of buildings and grounds.

The next anniversary closes fifty years of educational work at Granville-a fact of no mean importance. Few institutions in the land can point to a fairer record. It is doubtful if more has been done, with equal resources, anywhere on the continent. The college has had, from the first, a wellearned reputation for careful training and thorough scholarship, which it hopes to maintain in all time

to come.

This semi-centennial will be appropriately observed. A committee of the trustees is appointed, and the co-operation of alumni and students is specially invited, that the end of fifty years may result in such awakened enthusiasm and hope as will bear the work forward both in attempting and accomplishing greater things in the future.

The following extract from the report of the committee appointed in 1878, to examine the financial condition of the college, will be found interesting in this connection:

"The committee appointed to prepare a statement as to the history and condition of the funds of the university, present the following. In submitting their report, the committee offer as prefatory, and as being necessary to its completeness, the substance of a paper prepared by Dr. Talbot in 1863, which presents an exhaustive and complete exhibition of the finances of the college from its origin to the date of that paper. This exhibit divides those thirty-two years into two periods; The first extending from the origin of the college in 1831 to 1853; the second from 1853 to 1863.

"It was ascertained that the entire assets of the college in 1853. including all endowments, were only thirteen thousand seven hundred and seventy-two dollars and sixty-five cents. At the end of the second period in 1863 the entire endowments of the college were estimated at fifty thousand dollars. Dr. Talbot was appointed president of the college at the June meeting of the trustees in that year. very precarious condition.

The college was at that time in a The country being in the midst of

our late civil war, was depressed in all its interests almost to despair. The faculty were without any visible means of support, except the tuition fees of the scanty number of students, and that number was constantly decreasing by enlistment in the volunteer armies of the Government. In this state of affairs the trustees resolved to petition the Baptist convention of the State of Ohio, to recommend to the friends of the college to raise some endowment for the support of its faculty. This petition was presented to the convention at its annual meeting in October, 1863, and the convention resolved to recommend the raising of a special endowment of one hundred thousand dollars. This undertaking was assumed by a few individuals in manner as set forth in the following plan:

"The undersigned residents in the State of Ohio propose to raise the full sum of one hundred thousand dollars, to be held as a permanent fund, the annual income of which only may be expended in sustaining the faculty of instruction in Denison university, at Granville, Ohio.

To secure this object, we, the undersigned, agree to pay the several sums set opposite our respective names to William P. Huffman, of Dayton, Hubbard Colby, of Mansfield, and George F. Davis, of Cincinnati, or either of them, to be held by them in trust, and invested in such form as they may deem best, until with the accrued interest, the entire sum of one hundred thousand dollars shall have been secured, when they shall call a meeting of the centributors at Granville, Ohio, by sending a written notice to each, and publishing it at least two weeks in the Journal and Messenger, or the denominational paper, to determine whether the money shall be paid over to the trustees of Denison university, or to a separate board of trustees of endowment fund, to be then incorporated under the act passed March 12, 1853. At this meeting a majority of the persons present, representing in person or by proxy the sums contributed, shall be a quorum to transact business, each one hundred dollars contributed entitling the person representing it to one vote, and a majority of the votes determining to which body the funds shall be entrusted. In no event, however, shall any part of the principal be used, but the annual income only shall be appropriated as aforesaid.'

"This endowment was consummated in 1867. At a meeting of the subscribers to this fund held in Granville, June 27, 1867, it was ascertained that the full amount of reliable subscription somewhat exceeded one hundred thousand dollars, and it was resolved to pay over to the trustees of Denison university the full amount of this subscription in trust, for the object for which the funds were given with the specifications and restrictions attached thereto. This trust was accepted by the college at a meeting of its trustees, held in Granville on the same day, as above specified, and is known on our records as the hundred thousand dollars fund.

"Thus it will be seen that the university holds in trust a special fund of one hundred thousand dollars, limited in its application to the support of the faculty, the annual income of which only can be expended. In 1872 and 1873, seventy-five thousand dollars were raised, known as the twenty-five thousand dollar subscription and the fifty thousand dollar subscription. These distinctions were caused by a proposition, in 1872, by Mr. E. E. Barney, a trustee, to give ten thousand dollars upon condition that the full sum of twenty-five thousand dollars could be raised, and by a proposal of the same, in 1873, to give twenty-five thousand dollars, provided the full sum of fifty

usand dollars could be raised. These conditions were ful

filled, and the sum of seventy-five thousand dollars was raised. These funds were given to meet the current wants of the university, without limitation, except that no part of the principal should ever be used, nor any more than six per cent. of the income in any one year. The fifty thousand dollar subscription was accepted by the trustees under very heavy penalties of forfeiture, provided any part of the principal or any more than six per cent. of the income should ever be used, or any part of the principal or more than six per cent. of the income of any other funds belonging to the university, then known to the subscribers.

"In addition to the foregoing, the university has interestbearing securities amounting to sixteen thousand seven hundred and seventy-five dollars. This amount is made up of the following items:

The presidential and theological fund.

A memorial fund, given by Mr. M. E. Gray, a trustee, in 1876, as a token of respect to his deceased father, Andrew Gray.....

The centennial endowment fund, consisting of one thousand dollars, given by Mr. J. B. Trevor, of New York, and sundry small sums, called "the dollar roll," collected in 1876 by Rev. T. J. Sheppard, amounting in all to...

And two thousand dollars presented by Mr. J. D. Rockefeller, a trustee, one thousand dollars at the annual meeting of trustees in June, 1878, and one thousand dollars at a special meeting held October 24th, of the same year...

. $12,000

500

2,275

2,000

$16,775

"The committee recommend that the above small sums, amounting to sixteen thousand seven hundred and seventy-five dollars, all of which are now applicable, in their annual income, to the current expenses of the university, be added, for the sake of convenience in keeping accounts, to the seventy-five thousand dollar fund; and that this sum, when both funds are united, be known as the consolidated endowment fund, amounting to ninety-one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five dollars; and that the expenditure of interest from this fund and the one hundred thousand dollar fund, agreeably to sundry obligations assumed by the trustees, as before stated, be restricted to a sum not exceeding six per cent. annually.

"In addition to the above, there have been added to the endowment of the university, since 1863, the new brick edifice, estimated at a cost of thirty-five thousand dollars, in which is a commodious chapel, completed in the fall of 1871; the library building, estimated at a cost of ten thousand dollars, presented to the university by Mr. W. H. Doane, a trustee; and sundry additions made to the library, philosophical apparatus, etc., estimated at a cost of ten thousand dollars.