farm, and treated to thorough applications of salt, following it up whenever any shows itself, the thing is done. I am master of it, and this has been the course pursued. Wild carrots have been driven from every lot on my farm, by pulling, and sometimes cutting an inch below the surface with an old knife. The war lasted fourteen years. It has continued the same length of time against common thistles and mulleins-but they hold up their heads yet. They have been regularly cut before blossoming twice every year, and in good seasons three times, and there is "a few more of the same sort left." Sorrel is sometimes troublesome for a single season, and then disappears for a number of years. I know of no remedy except to get a good sward on the field as soon as possible. The daisy is a source of annoyance to some, but I regard them in a friendly view. They are a sure indication of the absence of grass, and only take possession until grass can work its way in. Among the weeds a better substitute for grass cannot be found. Cut and cured before they are in full blossom, sheep and cattle make no difference between them, in moderate quantities, and hay. In the fall, after grasses are dried and withered by frosts, sheep seek and eagerly devour the daisy, and in the summer they will crop the blossoms with apparent delight. DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 24. I have one pair of working oxen; one pair of fat oxen; six cows, all more or less crossed with Durham blood; two yearlings, a bull and heifer, full blood Ayrshire-each took a first premium at the State fair in New-York, in October last. I keep two horses. 25. I have made no experiments with different breeds, to show their relative value for particular purposes, but am preparing to do so. 26. The cheapest food for cattle is hay and corn stalks; the best manner of wintering is by keeping them in well ventilated [Assembly, No. 145.] 8 stables, so confined as not to annoy one another, giving four to six hours freedom in a convenient enclosure during pleasant days. For all laboring teams chopped food is preferable; and an experiment to test the value of chopped hay, compared to the same quality uncut, resulted in favor of chopping by one quarter. A great saving is made by chopping and steaming corn stalks. Water should be accessible at all times, or at least twice each day. I am of opinion that the exercise occasioned by a journey of fifteen or twenty rods for drink, is beneficial to the health of all kinds of farm stock. But the objection to this distance is that in unpleasant weather they will go to their stalls thirsty, rather than turn out in the storms and cold. It is better to have a good supply in the yard. 27. I keep but five cows. Their milk is used for family purposes, and butter is made by churning the cream only. In the summer of 1852 an accurate account of the products of the above number of cows was kept, from the 15th of April to the 15th of November. The butter which was not used by the family was sold for 21 cents per pound. The number of pounds produced in this time (214 days) was 838, which, at 21 cents, makes $176.08. The products of the same cows for the whole year were as follows: Butter, as above, ... $176 08 Five calves, sold at $5 each,.. 25 00 Two quarts of milk, for family use, per day, 214 days, at 2 cents,..... 12 84 .... Allowing each cow to produce 100 lbs. of pork from skim milk, sold at $8, 40 00 Three quarts of milk per day, for family, for 60 days, at 3 cents,.... 5 40 Milk sold in 60 days, at 3 cents per quart,. 36 25 Fifty pounds of butter, made in winter, at 23 cents,.... 11 75 Amounting in all to.... $307 32 Or $61.26 per cow. During the grass season they had nothing but pasture; and after frosts began to appear they were fed pumpkins twice a day, until they had eaten twenty cart loads. Hay and corn stalks formed their winter food, except an old cow that furnished the family with milk and butter through the winter-she had four quarts of corn.meal and buckwheat bran mixed, per day. 28. I have fifty sheep, thirty full blood South-downs and twenty Cotswolds; my Cotswolds yield 6 lbs. per fleece, and South-downs 3 lbs. 14 oz; sold wool altogether last year at 41 ets. was offered 31 cts. this year. South-down wool is worth from 2 to 4 cts. per lb. more than long wool, generally. I seldom have an ewe that does not produce one lamb certain, and sometimes three; I do not let them re-produce until two years old. South-downs are most productive, and best calculated to breed in large flocks, endure cold and storms better. I rear 45 per cent more lambs than I have old sheep; seldom lose one; have sold mostly for breeding; I sold one full blood South down lamb that was 60 days old, to a butcher, for $5-no extra feed; sold eleven buck lambs for $90. Of the fifty on hand, thirty are expected to breed. Weathers bring from $8 to $12 per head at two years old, for market. Long-wooled bring more than Southdowns for mutton, but it costs more to fatten them. Feed hay twice a day, in box racks, and grain to each flock at noon; must keep condition up; it will not do to allow any stock to fall away in flesh. Do not allow bucks to run with the ewes after service is over. Each flock of breeding ewes has a yard for their exclusive use. Bucks are kept together and fed a small amount of grain; ewe lambs by themselves, having shelter under the barn, and open yard to resort to at pleasure. I have shelter for all. I used to feed rutabagas to breeding ewes once a day, beginning in March and continuing to grass-but the failure in that crop has caused me to resort to potatoes, "small ones," of course. Shelter is indispensable to good and cheap wintering, so also is a good supply of wholesome water; hay, of different qualities, forms the cheapest general food, all things considered; but a mixed diet of hay, roots or apples, and grain, is undoubtedly the best for them in point of health and profit to the owner. I lost some of the most valuable of each kind last spring, after the heavy storms of that period. Long-wooled died with "liver rot," and South-down with inflammation of brain, induced by taking a severe cold. I do not average more than 3 per cent loss annually of old sheep, nor more than 5 per cent of lambs. I never kept fine wooled sheep, to make a business of it. 30. I keep two breeding sows-cross between the mixed bloods of the country and Suffolk. My orchards are convenient, and from the time apples as large as a hickory nut begin to fall, they and their pigs are confined in them, and thrive on them and the dairy and kitchen slops, until about eight weeks old, when the old ones are separated from the pigs. As soon as husking is commenced they receive the nubbins, and are finally fattened on apples, pumpkins and potatoes, boiled together, and meal mixed in, also a feeding of corn in the ear once a day; killed at six and eight months; average weight, from 150 to 225 pounds, when dressed. 31. Have made no experiments with sufficient accuracy to report on the value of different articles of food for producing milk or for fattening animals. FRUIT. 32. Have 212 apple trees in bearing, and 100 newly set. About 100 are not yet grafted, some are too old to graft, and others were taken from fruit yard and set without grafting; the object being to ascertain the flavor of the natural fruit. I have some experience in grafting, and have a tree that shows the influence of the stock upon the scion in a manner so marked that any one can become convinced on tasting the fruit. Thus, if I wish to increase the acidity of an apple it is grafted on a stock that produces sour fruit, and vice versa. Among the grafted fruit (of which I have sixty varieties) I prefer the following: Early Bough, Jersey Sweeting, Tallman and Golden and Ladies' Sweeting, Early Harvest, Early Strawberry, Boston pippin, Spitzenburgh, Rhode Island Greening, Northern Spy, Baldwin, Roxbury Russett and Newtown pippin, the last growing fair occasionally, only. 33. I have twenty standard and twenty dwarf pear trees; the standard trees are not all grafted. Among the varieties I have Bartlet, Louise bonne De Jersey, Seckel and Virgalieu, and others of the most approved varieties. Eighteen plum trees, Green Gage, Purple Gage, Bolmars Washington and others. Of peach trees I have 50. They are of the best varieties so far as they have fruited. I have sixty cherry trees, Black Tartarian, White Tartarian, Carnation, Corone, May Duke, and other varieties. Some are just coming into bearing. 34. Apple trees are now suffering with black canker; pear trees with blight; plum trees, or rather the fruit of it is much destroyed, and all damaged by the curculio; peach trees are growing sickly again. The excessive wet of last spring has destroyed some of my most valuable trees. The cherry suffers immensely from the curculio. For canker, blight, and knots on plums, I cut the affected branches off and burn them. On small trees I follow the plan of catching the curculio on sheets by jarring the tree suddenly. On larger ones I have to submit, though not without a murmur. 35. My general management is to keep the grass from growing about the bodies of all kinds of fruit trees, and to apply such kinds of manure as is best adapted to their growth; train the heads right while young, and save the necessity of the ruinous practice of cutting off large limbs when old. The young orchard of a hundred trees was planted out by turning back furrows, 30 feet apart one way, and crossed the other at a distance of 25 feet; this raised the soil just where I wished to set each tree. I planted peach trees between the broader rows, and they will finish their course before forming any impediment to the apple trees. Of the smaller fruits, I have grapes, Catawba and Isabella; currants red, white and black; goosberries, three varieties; a few rods of strawberry plants, and am preparing to furnish Antwerp raspberries for the New-York market. I set two canes in a hill, hills four feet apart each way; have enough to set one acre in this way. 36. Tried one experiment to test the growth of corn with and without suckering. Flanted ten hills square in the middle of a |