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day. Union cavalry under Colonel Woodson, suecessfully attacked numerous Confederate guer rilla bands in Arkansas, capturing the Confederate general, Jeff. Thompson, with his entire staff. On the 29th of July, 1863, the Confederate army under General Price, then in Arkansas, was severely pressed by the Union forces under General Steele. The same day, Steele's advance, under General Davidson, drove 3.000 Confederates, under Marmaduke, out of Brownsville and across the Arkansas river. September 1, 1863, General Blunt defeated the Confederates under Cooper and Cabell, and captured Fort Smith, Ark. The same day the Confederates evacuated Little Rock, and General Steele occupied it September 10, 1863.

Quantrell's Raid-A force of Confederate guerrillas, numbering 350, collected in Cass county, Mo., under the leadership of Quantrell. In the dead of night, August 25, 1863, they unexpectedly attacked the town of Lawrence, in Kansas, set it on fire, burned 182 buildings to the ground, destroying 82,000,000 of property; killed 145 persons, including helpless Women and children, and wounded 591 citizens, many of them mortally. Soon afterwards, the guerrillas having departed, the citizens organized a force, commanded by General James H. Lane, and pursued the marauders to Grand River, Mo. There, when attacked, the murderers dispersed in various directions, but about 80 of them were slain.

Occupation of Knoxville, Tenn. - The Confederate General Buckner, evacuated Knoxville, leaving behind a considerable quantity of quartermaster's stores, with other valuable property, and General Burnside, with his Union force, occupied the place September 3, 1863, to the delight of the inhabitants.

Battle at Sabine City, Texas - Fought September 8, 1863. between the Confederate force occupying the fortifications of the town and the 19th Union army corps under General Franklin, with 4 Union gunboats. The fight was quite severe, but resulted in the repulse of the Unionists and the loss of 2 of their gunboats.

Affairs at Chattanooga, Tenn. - After the battle of Stone river, at the beginning of 1863, the Confederate army under Bragg occupied

and his Union army approached, the Confederates abandoned the place, and, on the 9th. Crittenden's division of the Union army occupied it. Bragg's army having been reinforced by Longstreet, managed to drive the Unionists out of Chattanooga, while Rosecrans attempted to force the Confederates from their threatening position in that vicinity. The result was the battle of Chickamauga.

Affairs at Cumberland Gap, Tenn.This narrow pass, which separates Kentucky from Tennessee, and became an important point during the civil war, was occupied early in the contest by the, Confederates, then by the Unionists, and again by the Confederates. September 9, 1863, General Burnside's Union army recaptured it. with 2.000 prisoners and 14 cannon, from General Frazer.

Battle of Chickamauga, Tenn. -Fought September 19 and 20. 1863. between about 50,000 Confederates, under Bragg, who began the contest, and about 55,000 Union soldiers, besides cavalry, under Rosecrans. The cavalry and about 10.000 of Bragg's infantry were not, however, long in the action. At the close of the first day both armies occupied nearly the same position that they did in the morning. The battle occupied

the whole of both days, and resulted in defeat and the retreat of the Unionists to Chattanooga. The Union loss was 1,644 killed, 9,262 wounded. and 4.945 prisoners. The Confederate loss is estimated at not far from 18,000 men.

A Cavalry Defeat-Confederate cavalry, under Wheeler, which had come north of the Tennessee river for the purpose of operating against Rosecrans' Union army, encountered Union forces October 9, 1863, at Farmington, Tenn., and near Shelbyville, Ky., and was defeated, with considerable loss, at both points.

Battle of Missionary Ridge, Tenn.— General Thomas, who succeeded Rosecrans in command of the Union army, was practically besieged by the Confederates at Chattanooga. A battle was fought November 24. 25 and 26, 1863, at this point, between about 80.000 Unionists, under Grant, who had partially raised the siege and re

ates under Bragg. The latter's army occupied strong positions above Chattanooga, on Lockout mountain at the south and Missionary ridge on the east. Hooker, with 10.000 Unionists, went to | Lookout mountain to assail the Confederate left. Sherman, Sheridan, and other Union commanders, with their several divisions, stormed and carried the Confederate redoubts, as did Hooker those on Lookout mountain. The Confederates fled from a galling fire from their own cannon, and were vigorously pursued. The Union losses were The 757 killed, 4,529 wounded, and 330 missing. Confederate loss in killed and wounded did not, probably, exceed 4.000; but they lost 6.142 prisoners, 40 cannon, and 7.000 stand of smail This battle ended the war in Tennessee for

Battles Near Newbern, N. C.-February 1, 1864, a Confederate force, estimated at 15,000, attacked a small number of Union troops, under General Palmer, at Bachelor's creek, an outpost of the Unionists at Newbern. The latter, finding themselves outnumbered, fell back in good order, with only a slight loss, although the fight was severe, and they were pursued by the Confederates. Next morning a Confederate force in boats boarded the Union gunboat Underwriter, which had run aground and, after a sharp struggle, captured her with about one-third of her crew. Engineer Allen and part of the crew of the gunboat, rose up against the crew of the Confederate barge that was carrying them off, overcame them and rescued the commander and crew, bringing them safely into port.

Battle at Stevensburg, Va.-Fought all day, February 6. 1864, between the second and third corps of the Union army, under General Sedgwick, and a Confederate force. The Unionists withdrew, having lost 200 men in killed and wounded.

Sherman's Raid in Mississippi-February 3, 1864, General Sherman, with a Union force of 25,000 men, marched from Big Black river on a grand raid through the Confederate State of Mississippi, returning to Vicksburg, March 4, 1864. At Messenger's station there was a sharp skirmish with a Confederate force, resulting in a Union loss of 12 killed and 35 wounded, and a much larger one on the part of the Confederates. At Canton Sherman's troops captured artillery, ammunition and prisoners. Jackson, Brandon, Morton, and Meridian were visited, with some opposition, but with loss to the Confederates. At Meridian the Unionists remained seven days, destroying Confederate stores, ammunition and public buildings, the arsenal, hotels, etc. Other places visited by the Unionists were Enterprise, Marion, Quitman, Hillsboro, Lake station, Decatur. Bolton and Lauderdale springs. At these places railroad property, machine shops, lumber and flour mills were destroyed. Near Decatur a skirmish occurred, in which the Confederates were repulsed with the loss of 5 killed and three prisoners. The expedition marched more than 400 miles in 24 days, liberated 10,000 slaves, and brought away an immense amount of booty. The estimated losses of the Unionists during this raid were 50 men killed and wounded and about 100 prisoners. The Confederate losses in killed and wounded were considered much larger, and in deserters and prisoners were estimated at more than 600.

Escape of Union Prisoners - February 9, 1864, a large number of Union prisoners escaped

Battle of Plymouth, N. C.-Fought February 17, 1864, between about 10,000 Confederates, under General R. F. Hoke, and about 1.500 Unionists, under General Wessel, who occupied Fort Williams, one of the defenses of Plymouth. Six times the Confederates assaulted this stronghold without capturing it, but on the fourth day, after fighting six times his own force, Wessel gave up the unequal contest and surrendered.

Battle of Olustee, Fla. -Fought February 20, 1864, between a Union force of about 4,500 infantry and 400 cavalry, with 20 cannon, under General Seymour, and an estimated Confederate force, under General Finnegin, of 3,000. The fight lasted three and a half hours, and resulted in the retreat of the Unionists before a superior force to Barber's station. Union loss 2.000 men, besides artillery, ammunition and wagon trains. Confederate loss about 1,000 men.

A Raid on Richmond, Va.-February 28, 1864, a Union cavalry expedition, under General Kilpatrick, started from the the army of Potomac to liberate Union prisoners at Richmond. After several skirmishes, March 4, 1864, Kilpatrick withdrew from the raid, having destroyed a large amount of Confederate property in the vicinity. Colonel Ulric Dahlgren had command of a branch expedition of Union cavalry in another direction, which also destroyed a large amount of property; but on the third of March his command fell into a Confederate ambush, and he lost his life, and a large number of his men were taken prisoners.

Capture of Fort de Russey, La. ---March 15, 1864, a large Union force under General Mower, of Smith's Red river expedition, stormed this formidable fortress of the Confederates. The veterans, however, after a short but sturdy fight, carried the fort, capturing 12 cannon, 2.000 barrels of powder, a large supply of army stores and ammunition, with 325 prisoners.

Surrender of Union City, Tenn. March 24, 1864, between the Confederate force under Forrest and 500 Unionists under Hawkins, who occupied the place. The latter repulsed the attacking party several times, but at length surrendered.

Battle at Paducah, Ky.-Fought March 25, 1864, between 6,000 Confederates under Forrest, Buford, Harris and Thompson, and the 40th Illinois regiment under Colonel S. G. Hicks, numbering 655 Unionists, assisted by some Union gunboats. Hicks made a stand at Fort Anderson,

arms.

a year.

The Storming of Knoxville, Tenn.— Under instructions from superior officers, General Burnside prepared for a vigorous defense of Knoxville. The second division of the ri army corps under General Julius White, and other troops, was to co-operate with Burnside. November 14, 1863. a fight occurred in the vicinity between General White's command and Confeder ates on Huff's hill. in which the Confederates were dislodged with considerable loss on both sides. November 16, another severe fight occurred near Knoxville, between the 23rd and 9th Army corps, with artillery, and a Confederate force at Campbell's station, but the Unionists were obliged to retreat, which they did in good order, although hotly pursued. On the 17th a close siege of Knoxville began, which terminated, November 28, in an attempt of the Confederates to carry the fortifeations by storm, commanded by General Longstreet. The assault. however, was repulsed with so much vigor, that, in connection with the defeat of Bragg at Missionary Ridge, the Confederates deemed it advisable to raise the siege. Longstreet, therefore, retreated, followed by Burnside's forces, while another army, under Foster, started from Cumberland Gap to cut off their retreat. The number of Unionists engaged in this siege was about 12.000; their loss was less than 50; the loss of the attacking party was about 500.

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and repelled several attacks and refused to surrender. Three more attacks were then made on the fort, but were repulsed with heavy losses each time. Thompson being killed. The Confederates retired next day, having suffered an estimated loss of 300 killed and from 1,000 to 1,200 wounded. The Union los was 14 killed and 46 wounded.

army.

Battles in Arkansas- March 26, 1864, a small Union force. from Rosecrans' marched from Pine Bluff, Ark., to Mount Eiba and Longview, on the Washita river, destroying at the latter place several pontoon bridges, 35 wagons loaded with camp and garrison equipage, ammunition, stores, etc.. and capturing 330 prisoners. March 30, 1864, this Union force encountered 1.200 Confederates at Monticello, routing them, capturing a large quantity of arms, wagons, and 300 horses and mules, and losing but 15 men during the expedition.

Battle of Natchitoches, La. - Fought March 31, 1864, between a cavalry division, under Lee, of General Banks' Union army, and a Confederate force under Taylor, estimated at 1,000. After a brisk but brief skirmish the Confederates were completely routed, with a loss of 6 or 8 killed and wounded and 25 prisoners. The Unionists lost

none.

Battle of Crump's Hill, La. - Fought April 2, 1864, between 3 brigades of Union troops The under Lee, and a body of Confederates. former made a charge which caused the Confederates to retreat, and the Unionists pursued them seven miles, killing and wounding a number. The Confederates made a stand, however, and a Then severe fight of an hour's duration ensued. the Confederates again retreated. A number of prisoners fell into the hands of the Unionists.

Fight Near Pleasant Hill, La. -Fought April 7, 1864, between the cavalry of Banks' and Smith's Union armies and about 3,000 Confederate cavalry under Green. At first it was a running fight, but the Confederates being reinforced, Colonel Haral Robinson, of Lee's Union cavalry brigade, dashed upon them with so much vigor that Green's force was whipped and driven from the field. This engagement lasted two and a half hours, and the losses on each side were estimated at 40 killed and wounded. Robinson pursued the retreating enemy until the latter reached a superior reinforcement. He then retired.

Battle Near Sabine Cross Roads, La. Fought April 8, 1864, between the advance of General Banks' Union army, under General Stone, and from 18,000 to 22.000 Confederates under Kirby Smith, Dick Taylor, Green, Price

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and Mouton. The Unionists were repulsed on that day, but on the next, after a severe conflict, the Confederates were defeated, 2,000 of them throwing away their arms during their flight. The losses in killed and wounded were very heavy, being estimated at 2,000 on each side. The Confederate General Mouton was slain, and 700 Confederate prisoners were captured.

Battle of Fort Pillow, Tenn. — The Unionists occupied the garrison with 19 officers, 276 white infantry and 262 colored infantry, a section of light artillery (colored), and 1 battalion of white cavalry, the whole being commanded by Major Booth. On April 12, 1864, the Confederates under Forrest attacked the fort, but by the aid of a gunboat they were kept at bay by the garrison. Major Booth was killed, and Major Bradford took command of the beleaguered fort. A demand to surrender from Forrest was refused by Bradford. New and commanding positions having been gained by the Confederates, their attack was resumed, and they soon carried the fort. No quarter was shown to its inmates, either black or white, male or female, and even children were slain by the invaders. Thus the Unionists were destroyed.

Gunboat Battles in North CarolinaApril 17 and 18, 1864, at Plymouth, N. C., the Confederate iron-clad ram Albemarle, with the aid of a battery, destroyed 2 Union gunboats. On May 5, 1864, an effort was made by Union gunboats to destroy the Albemarle, but the attempt failed. October 27, 1864, Lieutenant Cushing, of the Union navy, succeeded with a torpedo in blowing this formidable craft to pieces, narrowly escaping his own destruction.

Battles of the Wilderness, Va.-May 4, 1864. General Grant, commanding the Union army of the Potomac, about 130,000 strong, crossed the Rapidan river into the wilderness" of Virginia, to dislodge the Confederate General Lee and his 60.000 troops from their position between the Unionists and the Confederate capital. As Grant advanced, Lee prepared for a stubborn contest. From May 5 to May 31 there was fought a terrible series of battles, unprecedented in American annals for their sanguinary results. During those 27 bloody days various fortunes of war were experienced by both armies, and closed, leaving Lee on the south side of the North Anna river, and the Union force on the shores of the Pamunky river. The Union losses during these battles were 5,584 killed. 28,364 wounded, and 7,450 missing-a total of 41,398-which does not include the losses in Burnside's corps. No trustworthy statement of the Confederate losses was made, but they are estimated at about 20,000.

Butler's Operations on the James River, Va.-On May 5, 1864, General Butler and a Union force started from fortress Monroe, for a cruise up the James river in transports toward Richmond, destroying railroads, bridges, etc. Occasional skirmishes were had with Confederates, and on the 16th of May occurred

The Battle of Fort Darling, Va. — Fought between Butler's Union army and a force of Confederates under Beauregard. Butler's troops were forced to retire, with the loss of about 5,000 men, mostly prisoners, and several cannon. The fight was resumed on the 19th, and after a short conflict the Confederates were repulsed. Next day the Confederates drove the Unionists out of their intrenchments. Another fight ensued, and the Unionists recovered their rifle-pits.

Second Battle of Fort Darling-Fought May 21, 1864, between the Unionists under Gilmore, of Butler's army, occupying the intrenchments, and a large force of Confederates of Beauregard's army, who advanced upon the fort. Gilmore's batteries opened upon them at short range, and the several fierce charges of the Confederates were repulsed, with heavy loss. The Union gunboats also assisted in shelling the Confederates during this battle.

Battle of the Kulp House, Va.-Fought May 22, 1864, between a force of Confederates, under Hood and Hooker, and Schofield's divisions of Sherman's Union army. Hood made the attack, but was repulsed and driven off, leaving his dead and wounded on the field, and losing many prisoners.

Battle of Wilson's Wharf, Va. Fought May 24, 1864, between a brigade of Confederate cavalry, under Fitzhugh Lee, and two regiments of negro Union troops, under General Wild, who occupied a strong position on the north bank of the James river. Lee demanded the surrender of the post, which was refused. severe conflict followed for several hours, but the Confederate attempts to capture the position proved fruitless, and they finally abandoned the assault.

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Battle of New Hope Church, Ga.Sherman's Union army, in pursuit of Johnston's

Confederate forces in Georgia, after several unimportant skirmishes, found themselves confronted with the Confederates about three miles from Dallas, Ga., May 25, 1864. After a general action the Confederates were driven three miles and into their inner intrenchments.

Battle of Powder Springs, Ga. Fought in May, 1864, between McPherson's division of Sherman's Union army and a considerable force of Confederates of Johnston's army. After a sharp engagement the latter were driven toward Marietta, with a loss of 2,500 killed and wounded (left on the field), and about 300 prisoners. The Union losses did not, it is officially stated, exceed 300.

Sherman's Expedition from Chattanooga, Tenn., to Atlanta, Ga. - In the spring of 1864, General Sherman, with a force of 100.000 Unionists and 254 cannon, aided by Generals Thomas, McPherson and Schofield, commanding divisions, started to march from Chattanooga, through the Confederates' country, to Atlanta. Opposing this expedition was the Confederate General J. E. Johnston, aided by Hardee, Hood, and Polk, with Wheeler's cavalry, their entire force numbering about 60,000 men, including 10,000 cavalry and artillery. The Union expedition began its operations May 7, 1864, and closed them successfully at Atlanta, Ga., September 2, of the same year, occupying Dalton, May 8.

Sheridan's Raid in Virginia - May 13, 1864, General Sheridan, with his Union cavalry force, reached the rear of Lee's army, near Hanover junction, breaking 2 railroads, capturing several locomotives, and destroying Lee's depot for supplies at Beaver Dam, containing more than 1,000,000 rations.

Battle of Resaca, Ga. Fought May 15, 1864, between General Sherman's Union troops and Johnston's Confederate army. The battle lasted two days, and resulted in the evacuation of Resaca by the Confederates and their pursuit by the Unionists. The losses were estimated at 3,600 killed and wounded, including among the latter Generals Hooker, Willich, Kilpatrick, and Manson. The Confederates lost, it is estimated, 2,000 killed and wounded, including 3 general officers reported among the former, several hundred prisoners, and 7 cannon.

Second Battle of Cold Harbor, Va.Fought June 3, 1864, between the Union army, under Grant and Meade, and the Confederate forces, under Lee and Longstreet. Grant had The about 150,000, and Lee about 50,000 men. fight was brief but desperate, lasting less than half an hour, and resulted in the repulse of the Union army at every point. Grant's loss in killed, wounded and missing, including 3 brigadier-gener als killed, was about 7,000 men, Lee's loss, including one general officer, was less than half that number.

Battle of Pine Mountain, Ga. -Fought June 14. 1864, between a bouy of Confederates, who held the place, and a force of Union artillery under Sherman. During this fight the Confeder ate General Leonidas Polk was killed, and on the next day the stronghold was found to have been abandoned, the Confederates having intrenched themselves along the lines of hills connecting Kenesaw and Lost mountains; this line abandoned, however, on the 17th. Being pressed by the Unionists under McPherson, the Confederates took to Kenesaw mountain and there were strongly intrenched.

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Sheridan's Raid In Virginia-June 7, 1864, General Sheridan and a Union cavalry force set out to destroy the Confederate railroads leading from Gordonsville. On the 11th, at Buck Childs', he encountered a force of Confederate cavalry, which was driven back and outflanked. The result was a complete rout of the Confederates, who left their dead and nearly all their wounded on the field, besides the capture of 20 officers, 500 men and 300 horses by the Unionists. About five miles from Gordonsville the Confeder ates had constructed rifle-pits, and on the 12th there was a cavalry engagement of considerable importance. The Confederates lost heavily, including several general officers. Sheridan lost about 85 killed and 490 wounded. The raid was successful.

Morgan's Second Guerrilla Raid-The Confederate guerrilla General Morgan again invaded Kentucky, June 7, 1864. After plundering Lexington and taking Cynthiana, he was attacked and had nearly all his force captured or dispersed by the Union General Burbridge. By the 17th of June, Morgan was discomfited and his raid ended. Morgan's operations were finally ended September 5, 1864, at Greenville, Tenn., where he was killed. Averill's Raid in the Shenandoah Valley, Va.-June 16, 1864, General Averill, with a body of Unionists proceeded to destroy the Virginia and East Tennessee railroad, in order to cut off Lee's communications with Richmond. He

succeeded in destroying 15 miles of the track, and burned five bridges, depots, ears, large quantities of Confederate stores, and captured 200 prisoners and 150 horses. His loss was 6 men drowned, 5 wounded, and 14 missing, during his rugged expe dition of 355 miles.

First Battle at Petersburg, Va. Fought June 15 and 16, 1864, between the Confederate army under Lee (about 70,000 strong), which occupied the town, and Grant's army, about 100,000. A series of engagements resulted first in the repulse of the Unionists under W. F. Smith, and subsequently other repulses, which cost the Union army a loss of 1.198 killed, 6,853 wounded, and 2.217 missing. June 21, 1864, an attempt was made by the Unionists to seize the Weldon railroad, which cost them 3,000 men. Afterwards this and other roads were seized by them, which prevented supplies reaching Lee's army at Petersburg. July 30, 1864, a mine containing 8,000 pounds of powder was exploded under a Confederate fort at Petersburg by the Unionists. The effect was not so beneficial as was expected by the Unionists, the earth being blown into an inaccessible position, so that entrance to the city was extremely difficult by that route. The Confederates poured in shell upon the attacking party, and after four hours' ineffectual assault the Union forces withdrew, having lost 4.003 men killed, wounded and missing, while the Confederate loss is set down at less than 1,000. August 5, the Confederates exploded a mine in front of a Union corps, without inflicting serious injury, and considerable fighting ensued, without important results or serious losses on either side.

Battle of Rood's Hill, Va.- Fought in June, 1864, between 6 regiments of Unionists under General Sigel and about 7,000 Confederate infantry, with cavalry and artillery, of Breckenridge's army. Sigel was defeated with the loss of about 600 killed, wounded and missing, and 5

cannon.

A Naval Victory -June 19, 1864. in the French port of Cherbourg, the famous Confederate ocean-cruiser Alabama, commanded by Raphael Semmes, was defeated and sunk by the United States war-ship Kearsarge, commanded by Commodore Winslow. Semmes escaped.

Battles of Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.Finding the Confederates strongly intrenched upon Kenesaw mountain, June 27, 1864, General Sherman ordered his Union troops to attempt to dislodge them. This assault was participated in by McPherson, Thomas, Blair, Dodge, Logan and other division commanders of the Union army. The assault was well made, but the Confederate intrenchments could not be carried. A flank movement was at once made, with such effect that early on the morning of July 3, 1864, the Union skirmishers appeared on the mountain above the Confederate intrenchments, which had been abandoned on the previous night. In the attack of June 27, the Unionists lost from 2,000 to 3,000 men.

Battle of Monocacy River, Md.-On the 9th July. 1864, an action occurred between 15,000 Confederates, under Early, and Rickett's division of the sixth Union army corps, under General Wallace. The latter were outflanked and forced to fall back, with the loss of about 1,200, including about 600 prisoners.

Battle Near Washington, D. C.-Fought July 11, 1864, about 5 miles from the city between Union troops, under General Augur-a brigade of veteran infantry-and Confederate skirmishers. The former were the attacking party. The Confederates were completely routed, leaving about 100 of their dead and wounded on the field. The Union loss was about 200.

Battle of Peach-Tree Creek, Ga.Fought July 20, 1864, between Sherman's Union army and the Confederate forces under Johnston. Hooker's Union corps suffered in the severe conflict, but the Confederates were driven to their intrenchments, leaving more than 500 of their number killed and over 1,000 wounded on the field, 7 stand of colors and many prisoners. Their entire loss was estimated at 5,000. Sherman lost 1,500 killed, wounded and missing.

Battle of the Howard House, Ga. — Fought July 22, 1864, between the Confederate army under Hood (who had superseded Johnston) and Sherman's Union army, the former attacking the latter. The conflict was general and stubborn until the Confederates gave way, repulsed. Sherman's loss, including the death of General McPherson, was 3.722 killed, wounded and prisoners. The Confederates, it is estimated, lost 3,240 killed, or 8.000 in all.

Another Fight in Front of Atlanta, Ga. Fought July 24. 1864, between the Con federate army, under Hood, and a portion of Sherman's Union army, under Howard and Logan, the former coming out of their Atlanta intrenchments to attack the latter. This bloody conflict resulted in the complete repulse of the attacking

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party, with a loss of about 650 killed, and probably not less than 4,300 wounded. Sherman lost less than 600 in killed, wounded and missing. Battle Near Winchester, Va.--General Crook, with a small Union force, was defeated on the 24th of July, 1864, by the Confederates under General Early.

Union Raids in Georgia-In the latter part of July, 1864. General Sherman organized two cavalry expeditions to destroy the Macon railroad, which was a source of Confederate supplies. They consisted of General Stoneman, with 5,000 Union cavalry, and General McCook with 4.000 cavalry. Another object was to release the Union prisoners at Andersonville. In making a premature descent upon Andersonville, Stoneman encountered a superior force of Confederates, who defeated him and took him and 700 of his men prisoners. McCook proceeded to the Macon railroad, but Stoneman failing to meet him there, he withdrew to Newman, Ga., where he fell in with a considerable force of Confederate infantry. Surrounding McCook's command they forced him into a battle, compelling him to fight his way out, which he did with the loss of 500 of his men. He then returned to the main army at Marietta. Substantially the raid was a serious failure.

Chambersburg, Pa., Plundered and Burned-July 30, 1864. a cavalry force under the Confederate General McCausland, entered Chambersburg. plundered the citizens, and burned about 250 buildings, at an estimated loss of $1,000,000.

Battle of Moorefield, W. Va.- Fought August 7, 1864, between Union cavalry under Averill and a body of Confederate cavalry, the latter being defeated with the loss of all their artillery, 50 prisoners, many wagons and small arms. The remainder were driven to the mountains,

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Farragut's Fleet at Mobile, Ala.August 5, 1864, the Union fleet commanded by Rear-Admiral Farragut, commenced the attack in Mobile bay by blowing up and causing the evacua tion of the Confederate Fort Powell, permitting the passage of 17 Union vessels into the bay. One had been sunk by the fort batteries; the Confederate war-vessel Tennessee surrendered after sharp engagement, and her commander, Buchanan, was killed; another Confederate vessel was captured and another was beached. On August 7, Farragut opened fire on the Confederate Fort Gaines, which contained 600 men. On the 8th this fort was surrendered by its officer. A co-operating c'ederal force, under General Granger, assisted in the reduction of another Confederate fort on August 23, leaving Farragut in control of the citrance of the bay.

Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley, Y-From August 9 to the 15th, 1864. General She idan's Union cavalry had several encounters of more or less severity with the Confederates under Early. Skirmishes occurred within ten miles of Winchester; Sulphur Springs bridge, whe Custer's Union cavalry were repulsed; near Whit Post, the Confederates retiring after a 3 hours contest; at Newtown, which Early succeeded in holding; near Strasburg, Early retiring, and the Unionists occupying the town; at Berryville, where Mosby's force captured Sheridan's supply train, destroying a large number of wagons and driving off several hundred horses, mules and beef cattle. Sheridan's force, August 15, 1864, retired to Charlestown.

Battle at Deep Bottom, Va.-Fought August 16, 1864, between the Federal forces and a superior number of Confederates, the former being obliged to retire, though without heavy losses.

Fights on the Weldon Railroad, Va., -August 18, 1864, the Unionists made an advance upon this road, in order to cut off the enemy's supplies, but were driven back by the Confederates. A sharp fight followed, and the lost ground retaken and fortified. Next day the fight was renewed and the Union lines were broken. This battle cost the Unionists about 3,000 men, a great proportion being taken prisoners. On the 21st the Confederates made another vigorous attempt to dislodge the Unionists from the road, but were repulsed with a severe loss; the Unionists suffered but slightly in comparison.

Battle of Ream's Station, Va.-Fought August 25, 1864, between the Union corps under Hancock and a heavy force of Early's Confederate army, the latter being the attacking party. Both sides fought desperately, and Hancock withdrew from Ream's station, having lost 9 cannon and 3.000 men killed, wounded and taken prisoners. The Confederates lost 1,500 killed and wounded. This battle gave the Confederates repossession of the Weldon railroad southward, although the track had previously been destroyed by the Unionists.

Kilpatrick's Raid in Georgia-General Kilpatrick, of Sherman's Union army, with 5,000 cavalry, August 18, 1864, broke the track of the

West Point railroad, near Fairburn, and then struck the Macon road, near Jonesboro. Here he encountered a heavy force of Confederates, under Ross, but maintained possession of the road for several hours. Finding himself likely to be overwhelmed by numbers, he retreated, made a circuit and again struck the road at Lovejoy's station. Here he was once more menaced by the Confederates. Making a charge upon them, capturing 4 cannon and a number of prisoners, he retired to Decatur, without having very seriously broken up the Macon railroad.

Battle of Jonesboro, Ga. -Fought August 31. 1864, between a force under Howard, of Sherman's Union army, and a heavy force of Confed erates from Hood's army, under Hardee, and Lee's command. The conflict in front of Jonesboro lasted two hours, when the Confederates withdrew to their fortifications. Their loss, as officially reported by Hood, was 1.400 killed and wounded. Union losses were comparatively light. On the first of September General Davis, with a body of Union cavalry, attacked the Confederate lines at Jonesboro, carrying their fortifications, and the Confederates effected their escape southward. In the meantime the Unionists were busily engaged in destroying the Macon railroad.

Raiders in Georgia, Tennessee and Kentucky - The Confederate cavalry under Wheeler, after breaking the Union railroad and destroying property at Adairsville and Calhoun, Ga., August 14, 1864, demanded the surrender of Dalton, then occupied by less than 500 Unionists under Colonel Laibold. This was refused, and Wheeler sharply attacked Laibold's position, but the latter having been reinforced next morning, Wheeler was driven off. Wheeler then passed into Tennessee, and formed a Union with Forrest and other raiders; but the whole were driven from the State by the Union forces under Generals Rousseau, Steadman and Granger. September 4, 1864, the famous Confederate guerrilla, John Morgan, was surprised and killed near Greenville, Tenn., by a Union force under General Gillem, his band being dispersed or captured. September 8. 1864, the Confederate raider, Jessie, and 100 of his men were captured at Ghent, in Kentucky.

Surrender of Atlanta, Ga.-The grand object of Sherman's Union expedition to Atlanta was achieved on the night of September 1, 1864, by the Confederate General Hood and his forces evacuating the city and its fortifications. Before leaving, he blew up seven trains of cars and destroyed other property. General Slocum, of the 20th Union Army corps, occupied the city September 2, and it then became the headquarters of the Federal army in Georgia. Hood withdrew to Macon.

Battle of Winchester, Va. - Fought September 19, 1864. between a heavy force of Confederates under Early, in position near Winchester, and Union troops under Averill and Sheridan. The fight lasted from noon until five o'clock in the evening, when the Confederates retreated, pursued by Sheridan's troops. Union loss 653 killed, 3,719 wounded, and 618 captured. Confederate loss, about 6,000-2,000 wounded were found in the hospitals at Winchester, and about 3,000 were taken prisoners.

Battle of Fisher's Hill, Va. - Fought September 22, 1864, between Sheridan's Union army and Early's Confederate troops, who were intrenched at that point. A flanking movement and a general charge along the Confederate lines compelled the latter to evacuate their fortifications, the Unionists pursuing them through the night. Early's loss was about 300 killed and wounded, and also 1.100 prisoners, 16 cannon, with his camp equipage, wagons, horses, small arms, and ammunition. Sheridan's loss was about 300

men.

By the 29th of September, the Confederates had been driven from the Shenandoah valley.

Battle of Pilot Knob, Mo. - The Confederate General Price, with a force estimated at 10,000 men invaded Missouri, from Arkansas, September 23, 1864, raiding the country with apparently but little opposition. On the 26th Price attacked the little town of Pilot Knob, then occupied by a Union brigade under General Ewing, but was repulsed in all his attempts with severe losses. Price then occupying Shepherd's mountain, in that vicinity, Ewing blew up his magazine and retired to Harrison's station, where he intrenched. Price closely pursued him, breaking up the railroad, but Ewing finally escaped to Rolla, with little loss, from the dangers that surrounded him.

Price Defeated During the month of October, 1864, the Confederate General Price committed various depredations in Missouri, although harassed and watched by Union forces under several commanders. October 25, when on the Fort Scott (Kas.) railroad. Price was beaten with serious loss. On the 26th, at Mine Creek, his Generals Marmaduke and Cabell, with a large number of their men, were captured; and he was

defeated also at Des Cygnes, Kas., on the 27th. and on the 28th at Newtonia. This ended the invasion of Missouri. Price lost 10 cannon. 8 large number of small arms, 1.958 prisoners (besides his killed, wounded and deserters, and nearly all his trains and plunder. His defeat was caused by the exertions of 7,000 Union cavalry, whose total losses in killed, wounded and missing, were less than 350.

Battle of Allatoona, Ga.-On the 5th October, 1864, a strong force of Confederates under General French, unsuccessfully attacked the small Union garrison under General Core, with a loss of 2,000 men, killed and captured. Union loss 700 men, over one-third of the entire command. General Corse was wounded in the face.

Battle of Thoms' Brook, Va.-Fought October 8, 1864, between Union cavalry, under Generals Merritt and Custer, and the Confederate cavalry divisions of Generals Rosser and Lomax. The latter were defeated and driven twenty miles, with the loss of about 330 prisoners and several cannon. The Union loss was less than 100.

Battle of Cedar Creek, Va. - Fought October 19, 1864, between Sheridan's Union army (he being temporarily absent, but returning before the fight was over), and Early's Confederate forces in the valley of the Shenandoah. The latter were the attacking party, but their assault was steadily met, after the first panic, by the Unionists, who subsequently repulsed and routed their foes. During the first part of the battle it is estimated that the Unionists lost 1,300 prisoners, 20 cannon, considerable camp equipage. ambulances, wagons and medical supplies. Before the close of the contest the Unionists, it is estimated. captured and recaptured the following: 1,264 prisoners, 48 cannon, 398 horses and mules, 65 ambulances, 50 wagons, 15,000 rounds of artillery ammunition, 1,580 small arms, 10 battle-flags, harness, medical stores, etc. The Confederates lost about 3,000 men in killed, wounded and pris oners. The Unionists lost 5,990, including 2,000 temporarily missing, and a large number of offcers. But the victory, though gained at heavy loss, was considered decisive for the Unionists.

Bombardment and Capture of Plymouth, N. C.-Commodore Macomb, with 7 Union gunboats, began bombarding the Confederate stronghold of Plymouth, N. C., October 29. 1864. The attack lasted until the 31st, when a Union shell exploded the Confederate magazine, and soon afterwards the Union commander took pos session of the place without further resistance.

Sherman's March from Atlanta to Savannah, Ga.-On the 1st of November, 1864, the Confederate force under Hood in Georgia was estimated at 35.000 infantry and 10,000 cavalry. About this time Sherman arranged the details for his expedition from Atlanta to the sea-coast through the Confederate State of Georgia. The Union army for this enterprise comprised 60,000 infantry, 5,500 cavalry, and between 60 and 70 pieces of artillery. On the 14th of November the storehouses, depot buildings and machine shops, covering 200 acres in the city of Atlanta, were burned by the Unionists, and but little more than the dwellings and churches of the place survived the flames. On the 15th of November the advance guard of the expedition left Atlanta, followed on the next day by the main army.

Battle Near Morristown, Tenn. Fought November 13-14, 1864, between General Breckenridge, with a Confederate force estimated at 3,000 strong, and General Gillem, with 1.500 Unionists and 6 cannon. The latter were routed losing several hundred prisoners and artillery. Gillem then escaped, with the remainder of his force, to Knoxville.

Battle of Hollow-Tree Gap, Tenn.— Four miles from Franklin. Thomas' Union cavalry overtook Hood's retreating Confederate army, November 17, 1864, and attacked it in front and rear, capturing 413 prisoners and three battleflags.

Another Battle at Franklin, Tenn.Hood's Confederate army then fell back to Franklin, but Johnson's division of Thomas' Union army repulsed them on the Harpeth river bank, and Union cavalry took possession of the town, capturing the Confederate hospitals, containing more than 2,000 wounded men, 200 of whom were Unionists. Hood was still pursued after leaving Franklin, but escaped into the interior of Georgia, with but little additional loss.

Battle of Griswoldville, Ga.-Fought November 22, 1864, between a detachment of Kil patrick's Union cavalry (from Sherman's army) with a brigade of Union infantry, and about 5,000 Confederates, mostly militia, with some of Hardee's corps. The latter were the attacking party. The fight was brief but sanguinary, and resulted in the retreat of the Confederates, who left more than 300 of their dead on the field, and lost more than 2,000 in wounded and prisoners. The Union loss was about 40 killed and wounded.

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Occupation of Milledgeville, the CapItal of Georgia - Sherman's Union army occupied Milledgeville, November 23, 1864. The Confederate legislature, in session there, hastily adjourned, and the citizens were panic-stricken. The Unionists burned the magazines, arsenals, depot-buildings, various factories, store-houses, containing large amounts of Confederate public property, and about 1,700 bales of cotton. Private property was everywhere respected. Railroads were generally torn up and destroyed.

Capture of Fort McAllister, near Savannah, Ga. The fort was manned by about 200 men, Confederate infantry and artillery, and lay in Sherman's way to the objective point of his expedition, the city of Savannah. December 13, 1864, the fort was carried, in a single assault, by nine regiments of Unionists. On the same day Sherman was enabled to communicate with the Union naval squadron at the mouth of the Ogeechee river, under Admiral Dahlgren and General Foster.

Capture of Savannah, Ga.-A demand from the Union General Sherman upon the Confederate General Hardee, who then occupied Savannah, for the surrender of the city, November 17, 1864, was refused. Sherman, therefore, prepared to carry the place by a military and naval assault. Hardee, recognizing the exigencies of the times, evacuated the city on the night of November 20, first destroying the Confederate war vessels in the harbor; and thus Sherman's expedition successfully terminated. Hardee's command moved toward Charleston, S. C.

Results of Sherman's Expedition from Atlanta to Savannah-Sherman's Union army brought with them to Savannah 15,000 slaves, more than 1,000 prisoners, 150 cannon, 13 locomotives in good order, 190 railroad cars, a very large supply of ammunition and other war material, three steamers and 32,000 bales of cotton, besides achieving national benefits growing out of the success of his expedition.

Hood in Tennessee and Alabama-The Confederate General Hood, who had retired before Sherman's Union army to Gaylesville, in Northeastern Alabama, visited Jacksonville, and thence proceeded northwesterly toward the Tennessee river, watched by the Union forces under General Thomas. The Confederate troops began their northward march about November 20, 1864, approaching Pulaski, Tenn. At this point, General Schofield and General A. J. Smith concentrated their Union forces, on learning of Hood's approach. The latter moved directly upon Gaynes

boro, thus flanking Schofield, who fell back to Columbia, and being pursued by Hood, retreated to Franklin.

Battle of Spring Hill, Tenn. - Hood, with his Confederate army, attacked Schofield's Union cavalry November 29, 1864. A fight ensued, in which Schofield lost less than 300 men, and then he retreated to Franklin, 18 miles from Nashville. Here he formed his lines in a strong position and prepared for a battle with Hood.

Battle of Franklin, Tenn. - Fought November 30, 1864, between Schofield's Union force, consisting of two army divisions, commanded by Generals Stanley and Cox, and two corps of Hood's Confederate army, under Generals Lee and Cheatham. The fight was extremely hot, the Confederates making repeated charges upon the Union batteries; but the Confederates were finally repulsed, and Schofield was reinforced by General Smith's corps. The Union loss was 189 killed, 1,033 wounded, and 1,104 missing. Hood's loss was 1,750 killed, 3,800 wounded, and 702 taken prisoners.

Skirmish at Overall's Creek, Tenn.Fought December 4, 1864, at the blockhouse, occupied by a Union force and Bates division of Cheatham's Confederate corps, the latter attacking the former, and using artillery. The Union General Milroy coming up with infantry, cavalry and artillery, attacked the Confederates and drove them off.

Battle Near Murfreesboro, Tenn.Fought December 5, 6, and 7, 1864. General Rousseau and about 8,000 Unionists were occupy ing Fortress Rosecrans, and were approached by two divisions of Lee and Cheatham's Confederate 2,500 corps, with of Forrest's Confederate cavalry. The Confederates hesitating to attack the fort General Milroy, with seven regiments of Union infantry, was sent out to engage them. He found them a short distance off, posted behind rail breastworks. A fight ensued, in which the Confederates were routed, with the loss of 30 killed, 175 wounded, 207 prisoners, and two cannon. On the same day Buford's Confederate cavalry entered Murfreesboro and shelled it, but were speedily driven out by a regiment of Union infantry and a section of artillery.

A Union Raid In Virginia - By orders from General Grant, December 6, 1864, a Union force of 20.000 men, with 22 cannon, proceeded down the line of the Weldon railroad. with instructions to destroy the road and penetrate the enemy's country, capturing such points and sup

plies as should come in their way. The weather was bad, but the expedition, which was absent a week, was mainly successful. Some opposition was encountered, but the entire loss of the Union ists did not exceed 100 men. They destroyed 3 railroad bridges, 15 miles of track, burned Sussex Court-house, and brought in a few prisoners.

Battle of Nashville, Tenn.-Fought De cember 15 and 16, 1864, between General Thomas, with four corps of Union infantry and Wilson's cavalry, dismounted, aided by a division of RearAdmiral Lee's Mississippi naval squadron, uni Hood's concentrated army of Confederates. The first day's fight resulted in driving the Confeder ates from their intrenchments with a loss of abcut 600 killed and wounded. 1,000 prisoners and 16 great guns. The Union loss that day was about 500 killed and wounded. The attack was rene d by the Unionists next morning on Hood's new position, and resulted, soon after noon in the complete rout of the Confederates, suffering severe losses. All their dead and wounded were left on the field of battle. The Confederate loraus in the two days' contests footed up about 2,500 killed and wounded, 4,462 prisoners captured. including 287 officers, 53 cannon and thousands of small arms. The Confederates were pursued.

Stoneman's Raid In Virginia-December 15, 1864, Generals Stoneman and Burbridge of the Union army in Tennessee, sallied out to Glade's Spring, W. Va., destroying a railroad track east of Abingdon, and mining the principal salt works in that region. This movement severed the Confed. erate communication between Richmond and East Tennessee, and deprived the Confederates of important public property.

The Flash at Fort Fisher, N. C.-In December, 1864, an expedition was fitted out under the Union Generals Butler and Weitzel and the North Atlantic naval squadron, under Admiral Porter, to break up the Confederate blockaderunner's depot at Wilmington, N. C. A prelimi nary explosion, December 23, 1864, having, failed to reduce the fort to splinters, the fleet attacked it next day. Five hours' cannonading, resisted by the Confederate garrison, resulted in blowing up two magazines within the inclosure and setting it on fire in several places. December 25 the assault was renewed on sea and shore by the Union forces, but General Weitzel reporting, after a reconnoissance, that it would be inexpedient to carry the fort by assault, the attempt was abandoned, leaving the fort substantially uninjured, and the expedition retired.

Battle at Beverly, W. Va.-Fought January 11, 1865, between a Union force occupying the town and Confederate troops under General Rosser. The former were defeated, the latter capturing the town and a large portion of the force defending it.

Capture of Fort Fisher, N. C.-The Union assault upon Fort Fisher, the formidable Confederate stronghold at Wilmington, N. C., mounting 72 great guns, was resumed January 13, 1865, by about 8.000 Union troops under General Terry, with Admiral Porter's fleet and 1,000 or more marines-a Confederate force of 2,300 men occupying the fort. The fleet began the bombardment of the fort on that day, and in the afternoon of the 15th the Union soldiers, with the sailors and marines, attacked the fort by land and sea. At 4 o'clock one-half of the fort had been captured. That evening reinforcements of Union soldiers arrived, and the Confederate defense surrendered. The fighting had been very severe. Of the gar rison, 217 were killed or wounded, besides the force surrendered. The Union loss was about 1,000, besides which were 200 men killed or wounded on the next day by the accidental blowing up of a magazine.

Fight at Fort Anderson, N. C. - Fort Anderson, one of the defenses of the month of Cape Fear river, near Wilmington, defended by about 6,000 Confederates, under General Hoke, strongly intrenched, was attacked, January 18, 1865. by 8,000 Union soldiers of Cox's division, under General Schofield, and Admiral Porter, with 14 gunboats and a monitor. A heavy fire from the fleet and the operations of the land force continued during the day, and before daylight on the 19th the Confederates evacuated the fort. The Confederate loss was 12 cannon, a quantity of ammunition, and about 50 prisoners. The Unionists lost 3 killed and 5 wounded in the fleet, and less than 50 killed and wounded in the skirmishes of the land forces.

Skirmishes on Town Creek, N. C.Fought January 20. 1865, between a Confederate force in rifle-pits and Union troops under Terry. The latter lost 10 killed and 47 wounded, but drove the Confederates inside their works.

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similar Union force soon afterwards charged upon some Confederates in the same vicinity. They were met with grape and canister. Another charge was then made by the Union soldiers, and the Confederates were routed, with the loss of 2 cannon and 373 prisoners, the rest escaping. The Union loss was about 30.

Evacuation of Wilmington, N. C. January 21, 1865, finding themselves beleaguered with a heavy Union force, the Confederates prepared to evacuate Wilmington. That night they burned their war material and stores, about 1.000 bales of cotton, 15,000 barrels of resin, extensive cotton sheds and presses, an unfinished iron-clad, three steam-mills, three large turpentine factories, with wharves, railroad bridges and other property, and moved out. At daylight on the 22d, the Union troops under Generals Terry and Cox occupied the city, taking about 700 prisoners, and capturing a large amount of Confederate property.

Sherman's March to Wilmington, N. C., from Savannah, Ga. – January 13, 1865, Sherman's Union advance corps left Beaufort, N. C. On the 15th a skirmish occurred with a Confederate force on the Charleston railroad for the possession of a Confederate pontoon and trestle bridge. The Unionists succeeded in saving the bridge from being burned and drove off the Confederates. The Union loss was about 50 killed and wounded. January 19, the march of the main Union army from Savannah, under Sherman, began. By a system of feints the Unionists misled the Confederates as to their intentions. At the Salkehatchie river, Mower and Smith's divisions captured a bridge from the Confederate force which held it, losing 18 killed and 70 wounded in the struggle. February 16, the Confederates surrendered the city of Columbia, S. C.. to Colonel Stone, of the 25th Iowa infantry. The Confederate soldiers set fires in the city, and that night the city was burned, and within two or three days afterwards the arsenal, railroad depots, and tracks, machine shops, foundries, etc., were destroyed by the Unionists. March 9. Wade Hampton's Confederate troops surprised Kilpatrick's and

Spencer's Union forces, rescuing their jeopardized camp equipage, artillery and horses, and driving off the Unionists. March 12-14 the Unionists spent in destroying all the buildings and much valuable military and public property, March 8, the Confederates under Hoke captured two Union regiments, commanded by Colonel Upham, securing over 1.000 prisoners. March 13, Hoke's Confederate force fought Cox's Union brigade, but the latter were the victors, driving off Hoke, who left his killed and wounded on the field, besides losing about 200 prisoners.

Battles at Fort Steadman and Hatcher's Run, Va.- Fought February 6 and 7, 1865, between the 2d, 6th and 9th corps and Griffin's division of the 5th corps of Grant's army in Virginia and Lee's Confederate army. Steadman's fort, occupied by the 14th New York Union heavy artillery, was carried by the Confederates at the outset, and its guns were turned against the Unionists. The Confederates also captured two Union batteries between Fort Steadman and Fort Haskell, and with them cought the Union troops. They failed, however, to carry the Union Fort Haskell. A tremendous cannonade followed, the Union batteries being massed against Fort Steadman with so much vigor that some of the Confederates retreated, first into the fortress and then out of it, leaving all the guns that they had captured. A large portion of the escaping Confederates, 1,758 in all, were captured. The Confederate loss at this point was estimated at 2,500. The Union forces on the left then moved out against the Confederate intrenched lines of pickets, which were swept right and left, resulting in the capture of about 300 prisoners. Another attack by the Unionists, reconnoitering across Hatcher's Run, resulted in driving in another Confederate picket line, with the capture of 70 more prisoners. Subsequently the Confederates rallied their forces and attacked the 6th and 2d corps of Grant's army. The fight was severe and continued until dark and even into the night, but the Unionists were the victors. The Confederate total losses in both battles were set down at 5,000 men-1.883 prisoners. The Unionists lost 171 killed, 1,236 wounded, and 983 missing.