is to be kept in each institution during the spring and fall terms, of not less than eleven weeks each. Applicants for admission are to be examined, and if they can be qualified as teachers by two terms of further instruction, they can be admitted. The males admitted pay $1, and the females 50 cents each, in full for tuition for the term.

Banks The banks are required to report semiannually, in January and June, to the Secretary of State. They also report their condition monthly, except in January and June, and their returns are published monthly in the State paper. For their condition near Jannary, 1860, see ante, p. 331.

Insane Hospital, Augusta. — Henry M Harlow, Superintendent and Physician, Theodore C. Allan, Treasurer and Steward. Nov. 30th, 1858, there were in the Hospital 208 patients, 117 males and 91 females; received during the year, 149, 81 males and 68 females, in all 357. 120 (71 males and 49 females) have been discharged; of whom 58 (38 males and 20 females) were recovered, 22 (11 males and 11 females) improved, 23 (10 males and 13 females) unimproved, and 17 (12 males and 5 females) died; remaining 237 (127 males and 110 females). Of those admitted, 46 men and 36 women were married; 32 men and 26 women were unmarried; 4 were widowers, and 5 were widows. Supposed causes of insanity of those admitted during the year, ill health, 27; intemperance, 14; puerperal, 10; domestic trouble, 11; religious excitement, 3; business and loss of property, 3; masturbation, 3; spiritualism, 4; unknown, 32. Of those remaining, 52 are foreigners and non-residents, and receive their entire support from the State, and 130 are indigent and receive State aid. Receipts for the year, $32,421.39. Expenditures, $32,726.00. Since opening the Hospital in 1840 there have been 2,127 patients admitted, and 1,890 discharged. Of the latter 871 have recovered; 369 were improved; 333 unimproved; and 267 died. The price of board is $2.50 a week, and a bond must be given in the sum of $200 for the payment of all dues to the institution. The institution will accommodate 250 patients. The number of insane persons in the State is estimated at between 1,300 and 1,400.

State Prison, Thomaston. Number of convicts, December 31, 1858, 128; received up to December 31, 1859, 48; discharged during the same period, by expiration of sentence 20, by pardon 27, by death 3, by escape 1, and removal to Insane Hospital, 1, in all 52; leaving 124 in prison. 62 were committed for larceny, 2 for manslaughter, 10 for murder, 12 for arson, 2 for malicious burning, 2 for rape, 2 for assault with intent to ravish, 16 for burglary, 2 for robbery, 2 for adultery. 5 convicts are under sentence of death. The labor of a portion of the convicts is let by contract to be employed in the wheelwright business, and that of another portion for shoemaking, others are employed in blacksmithing and coopering. Most of those not so employed make baskets. Since July 2, 1824, 1,353 prisoners have been received. Of these there have been discharged, by expiration of sentence 903, pardon 272, death 36, escape 12, removal to Insane Hospital 5, writ of error 1. There is a library of 250 volumes for the use of the convicts.

State Reform School. This school is at Cape Elizabeth, and is under the superintendence of Seth Scamman. The first boy was received November 14, 1853; from that day to Nov. 30, 1859, 532 inmates were received, and 350 were discharged. 296 were committed for larceny, 3 for breaking and entering with felonious intent, 15 for shop-breaking, 71 as common runaways, 19 for truancy, 18 for assault, 13 for malicious mischief, 55 for vagrancy, 3 as common drunkards, and 1 as a common night-walker. 455 were reported born in the United States, 77 were born abroad. The maximum age for admission is 18 years. The Trustees and Superintendent recommend that it should be reduced to 16. The Superintendent renews the suggestion, " that short terms of commitment are not for the good of the boy or the prosperity of the institution." The shortest sentence was one year. Each boy is employed six hours of each day at some mechanical, agricultural, or domestic labor. The farm connected with the school contains 160 acres. There is a library of 870 volumes, belonging to the institution. The receipts for the year were $19,701.41; the expenses were $19,452.88.

Indigent and Idiotic Children. — The Legislature at its session in 1859 appropriated $ 1,500 for the support of this class of unfortunates, at any New England institution established for the training of such children.

XIV. MARYLAND.

Capital, Annapolis. Area, 11,000 sq. m. Population, 1860, 731,565.

Government for the Year 1861.

THOMAS H. HICKS, of Dorchester Co., Governor (term expires

Salary.

the 2d Wednesday in Jan., 1862), Use of a furnished house, and $3,600

and Codify the Laws.

Hiram McCullough, of Cecil Co., The Governor is elected by the people for four years; a Secretary of State is appointed by the Governor, by and with advice of the Senate, for the Governor's term, and removable by him; the Comptroller is elected by the people for two years, and the Commissioner of the Land-Office for six years. The Treasurer and the State Librarian are chosen by the Legislature, by joint ballot, for two years; the Commissioners of Public Works, &c., are elected by the people for four years; the Adjutant-General is appointed by the Governor for six years. The State Reporter is appointed by the Judges of the Court of Appeals for four years. He receives a salary of $500, and is entitled to the copyright of the Reports, and the State purchases 200 copies of each volume, at $5 each. Keeper of Chancery Records is elected by joint ballot of every Legislature for two years. The Commissioners to revise and codify the laws are appointed by concurrent vote of two houses of Legislature. The State Agricultural Chemist is appointed by the Governor every two years. Senators, 22 in number, are elected for four years, one half every two years; Representatives, 74 in number, are elected for two years. The pay of Senators and Representatives is $4 a day during the session, and 10 cents for every mile of travel, the presiding officer of each house to receive $5 per diem. The sessions of the Legislature are biennial. The last session was held in January, 1860.

Wm. H. Tuck, of Upper Marlboro, 1851, Associate Justice, 1861,

$2,500

The judicial power of the State is vested in a Court of Appeals, and in Circuit Courts. The Court of Appeals has appellate jurisdiction only. Its judges, four in number, are elected from districts, by the voters therein, for ten years, unless they shall before reach the age of 70. They must be above 30 years of age, citizens of the State at least five years, residents of the judicial districts from which they are elected, and have been admitted to practise in the State. The Court of Appeals appoints its own clerk, to hold office for six years, and may reappoint him at the end of that time. When any judge of any court is interested in a case, or connected with any of the parties by affinity or consanguinity within the proscribed degrees, the Governor may commission the requisite number of persons, learned in the law, for the trial and determination of the case. The Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate, designates one of the four judges as chief justice. The office of Attorney-General is abolished by the new Constitution. Judges of the Circuit Courts.

The fifth Circuit comprises the city of Baltimore.. The judges of that Circuit, all of whom reside in Baltimore, are:

Elected.

1863

Term expires. Salary.

1861 $2,500

2,500

1861

2,500

1861

2,000

Robert N. Martin,t Judge of Superior Court,
William Geo.Krebs, Judge of Circuit Court, 1853
Wm. L. Marshall, Judge of Court of Com. Pleas, 1851
J. Lennox Bond,‡ Judge of Criminal Court,
Milton Whitney, of Baltimore, State Attorney, 1859
The State is divided into eight judicial circuits, each
judge of the Circuit Court, to hold office for ten years.
of the judges are the same as those of the Court of Appeals, except that

1864 Fees to 3,000 of which elects a The qualifications

* Appointed by the Governor in 1860, vice Judge Eccleston, deceased, to hold office until the election by the people in November, 1861.

† Appointed by the Governor, vice Z. Collins Lee, deceased, to hold office until the general election in November, 1861.

Appointed by the Governor, vice Henry Stump, removed, to hold office until the election in November, 1861.

they must be citizens of the United States, and residents for two years in their judicial district. There is in the city of Baltimore a Court of Common Pleas, with jurisdiction in civil cases between $100 and $500, and exclusive jurisdiction in appeals from justices of the peace in that city ; and a Superior Court, with jurisdiction in cases over $500. Each of these courts consists of one judge, elected by the people for ten years. There is also a Criminal Court, consisting of one judge, elected for ten years. Clerks of the Circuit Courts in each county, and of the Baltimore courts, are chosen for six years, and are re-eligible.

Each county, and Baltimore city, elect three persons as Judges of the Orphans' Court, to hold office for four years; a Register of Wills, for six years; Justices of the Peace, a Sheriff, and Constables, for two years. Attorneys for the Commonwealth are chosen in each county by the people, for four years.

FINANCES.

The receipts into Treasury for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1860 (exclusive of balance in Treasury, Sept. 30, 1859), were $1,013,339.67. The disbursements for the year, were $ 1,306,043.03. The balance in the Treasury, Sept. 30, 1860, was $255,587.75. No State stock was redeemed during the year. Of the disbursements, there was paid on account of the Eastern Shore Railroad, under the appropriation by the Legislature at its last session, $44,092.25.

The whole nominal State debt, Sept. 30, 1859, was .

4,100,000

$14,821,473

The Sinking Fund, representing, in fact, extinguished debt, the investment being solely in Maryland State stock, amounts to $4,582,975 This is included in the amount of the nominal State debt, given above. Also included in the nominal State debt above are the Tobacco loans, the interest of which is paid out of the proceeds of inspections, and loans on account of railroad companies, the interest of which is paid by those companies, or out of the State's receipts from those companies, representing in all a principal of, say Other productive capital of the State, consisting of bank stocks, railroad stocks and bonds, paying dividends or interest, sums due from collectors, &c., considering the revenue derived from them, may now be estimated at, say The Sinking Fund is treated as part of the State debt, and the interest on it is paid out of the proceeds of taxation, and applied to purchasing State stocks and bonds, to increase further the capital of that fund. All surpluses in the Treasury are applicable to the increase of the Sinking Fund. The increase of the Sinking Fund in 1858-9, was $359,701.

5,400,000

14,082,975

The amount of the Sinking Fund, Sept. 30, 1860, was $4,828,387.03. Its increase during the year was $ 215,411.81.

The State direct tax is now 10 cents in every $ 100. The unproductive property of the State amounts to something more than $ 14,000,000, and consists of stocks, bonds, arrears of interest, uncollected taxes, &c, the greater part of which is considered desperate. The assessed value of real and personal property (1858), was $ 255,447,588. The School Fund, Sept. 30, 1859, was $ 327,263.

The provisions of the new Constitution in regard to the State's incurring new debts are as follows:-"No debt shall be contracted exceeding $100,000, nor unless the act creating it shall provide for a tax sufficient to pay the interest as it falls due, and the principal in fif teen years. Such taxes shall not be repealed or applied to any other purpose. The credit of the State shall never be given or lent, nor shall the State be in any way concerned in internal improvements. The moneys levied to pay the public debt shall never be diverted until the debt is paid, or until the sinking fund equals the outstanding debt."

Detail of Receipts and Expenditures for the Year ending 30th September, 1859.

Banks. For the condition of the banks in Maryland, in January, 1860, see the table, ante, p. 231.

State Penitentiary. - November 30, 1858, there were in confinement, 425 prisoners; received during the year, 111; in all, 536. Discharged during the year by expiration of sentence, 103; by pardon, 7; by death, 4; in all, 114; leaving in prison Nov. 30, 1859, 422. The average number during the year was 431. Of those received during the year, 92 were white males and 12 colored males; 5 white and 2 colored females. Of the 422 in prison, 395 were first-comers, 20 second-comers, 1 third-comer, 2 fourth-comers, 2 fifth-comers, and 1 each for the eighth and ninth time. 185 were sentenced for stealing; 8 for murder in the 1st degree; 35 for murder in the 2d degree; 8 for manslaughter; 36 for assault with intent to kill; 21 for burglary; 11 for horse-stealing; and 22 for arson. 305 were Americans, and 117 foreigners, of whom 63 were natives of Germany, 32 of Ireland, and 11 of England. Among the 305 Americans are included 139 colored persons. The expenses of supporting the institution are about $50,000 annually. The convicts earn something, being employed in spinning, weaving, and other manufacturing business, or are hired out to contractors. The prison buildings appear to be entirely insufficient and unfit for the purposes of a proper prison.

XV. MASSACHUSETTS.

Capital, Boston. Area, 7,800 sq. m. Population, 1860, 1,231,494. Government for the Year ending the 1st Wednesday in January, 1862.

*This is for the regular annual Session of the Executive Council. For attendance at any subsequent session he has $6 a day. He also receives $2 for every ten miles of travel.