The State is divided into five circuits, Eastern, Middle, Western, Southern, and Suwannee; and the judges of the Circuit Court, in the order in which they are named above, preside in their respective circuits.

Finances.

-The receipts into the Treasury, mostly from taxes and sales of lands, during the year ending Oct. 31, 1858, exclusive of the school and seminary funds, were $91.924 11, and the expenditures were $ 63,772.33. The principal items of expenditure were, — Judici ary, $20,305.13; Executive, $5,400.00; criminal prosecutions, $11,648.16; jurors and witnesses, $16,962.35; Indian hostilities, $7,780.72. The expenses of the Legislature, in cluding printing, are about $ 25,000 for the biennial session. The receipts and disbursements for the two years ending Oct. 31, 1858, on all accounts, were, —

The Governor in his message in November, 1858, says: "The present debt of the State (exclusive of the amount due for the suppression of Indian hostilities of 1855-56) may be summed up as follows, to wit: bonds outstanding of the State of Florida, $143,000; inter est of State scrip, $15,000; balance due on account of Indian hostilities of 1856, estimated at $225,000. Of this sum, $143,000 is bearing interest at the rate of 7 per cent per annum. and only about $64,000 is the ultimate debt of the State, the balance being a bona fide debt due by the General Government."

Common Schools. — July 1, 1858, there were 20,885 children between the ages of 5 and 18 years; $6,542.60 were apportioned during the year. There are two State seminaries, one at Ocala, and one at Tallahassee.

State Census, 1855. The returns include the whole State except Duval County. White males, 32,093; females, 28,395; total white, 60,493; increase per cent for five years, 31. There were 804 free colored persons, and 49,526 slaves, 24,597 males, and 24,929 females. Total population, 110,823. The census returned 2,265,503 acres of land; value per acre, $6.14; total value, $13,910,981. Value of slaves, $27,250,551; average, $550. Total value of all property, real and personal, $49,461,466.

VII. GEORGIA.

Capital, Milledgeville. Areu, 53,000 sq. m. Population, 1860, 1,082,797.

of Dekalb Co,

Charles J. Williams, of Muscogee Co., Speaker of House of Rep., $8 a day.

Clerk of House of Rep.,

George Hillyer,
Broughton & Nesbit, of Milledgeville Co., State Printers.

500

The Governor is elected by the people for two years. The Secretary of State, Treasurer, Comptroller, and Surveyor are chosen by the Legislature for two years. The pay of members of the Legislature is $5 a day. The members of both branches of the Legislature are elected biennially. The sessions of the Legislature are annual, and commence on the 1st Monday in November. The present number of Senators is 135, one for each county; of Representatives, 175.

The judges of the Supreme Court are elected for six years (one every two years) by the General Assembly, and are removable upon address of two thirds of each house. All causes shall be determined at the first term; and in case the plaintiff is not ready for trial, unless he be prevented "by some providential cause," the judgment of the court below shall be affirmed. Judges of the Superior Court are elected for four years, by the people of the circuit over which they preside, with jurisdiction exclusive in criminal cases, and in land cases, and concurrent in all other civil cases. The Solicitors are chosen by the people. Justices of the inferior courts are elected by the people, for four years. Justices of the peace are elected by the people in districts. Each county elects an "ordinary," who holds office for four years, and has the ordinary jurisdiction of a judge of probate, and is paid by fees.

The State is divided into sixteen circuits, with a judge and solicitor for each. The salaries of the judges are $2,500 each; of the solicitors, $225 each. The Attorney-General is the solicitor for the Middle Circuit. An election for judges and solicitors, in most of the circuits, was held in January, 1859.

A. M. Rogers,

of Augusta,

John M. Millen, of Chatham Co.,

William H, Dasher, Brunswick.

Cuthbert.

F. D. Baily,

Herbert Feilder,

Cuthbert.

Dallas.

Salary.

Attorney-General, $225 & perquisites. Judge of Court of Oyer and Terminer, Savannah,

Wm. T. Gould, of Richmond Co., Judge of Court of Oyer and Ter

miner, Augusta,

FINANCES.

$1,000

1,000

The public debt of the State consists chiefly of bonds issued for the construction of the Western and Atlantic Railway. It amounted, 20th October, 1860, to $2,670,750.00, on which the annual interest is $164,775. Of this debt, $ 10,000 are due in 1861; $132,500 in 1862; $72,500 in 1863. The rest is redeemable from 1864 to 1880. The sum of $218,000 due in 1863 and 1868, can be by the terms of the loan, now redeemed. $525,000 is at 7 per cent interest; $2,073,750 at 6 per cent; and $72,000 at 5 per cent. The State also is pledged conditionally for a further subscription of $500,000 to the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad Company. This would make the aggregate State indebtedness, $3,170,750.00. The semiannual dividends of interest, as well as the principal of the sterling bonds, are payable in London. The interest on the rest of the debt, nearly four fifths, is payable in New York or Georgia, as the holders may prefer.

The receipts into the treasury for the year ending Oct. 20, 1860, were,

Add balance in the treasury Oct. 20, 1859,

$1,165,162.73 288.768.00

In this cash balance is included $100,000 of the Common School Fund, deposited in the Bank of Savannah, and upon which the State is receiving 7 per cent interest.

The productive property owned by the State consists of the Western and Atlantic railroad, which cost the State, according to the report of the Comptroller in 1859, $ 4,441,532.15. It paid into the treasury as net earnings in 1860, $450,000. The State also owns Bank Stock pledged to be used for purposes of education, $290,900, paying an average dividend of 10 per cent. The State also owns bonds of railroads of other States to the amount of $14,625, and $ 500,000 stock in the Atlantic and Gulf railroad, - already paid for. This road is not completed and the stock is not now productive. The State has heretofore invested in canal stocks, $ 148,500,- from which it realized $10,000 by the sale of a portion of them. The remainder are worthless. There are also the assets of the Central Bank to a large nominal amount, but of the estimated value of $1,500.

The Comptroller's report shows the number of polls returned for taxation for the year 1860 to be 99,748; free persons of color, 1,225. Slaves, 450,033; value, $302,694,855; average value, $672.61. Acres of land, 33,345,289; value, $161,764,955; average per acre, $4.85. Value of city and town property, $35,139,415; amount of money and solvent debts, $107,336,258; merchandise, $ 15,577,193; capital in stocks and manufactures, $4,034,252; shipping and tonnage, $ 943,940; household and kitchen furniture, $2,374,284; aggregate value of all property returned, $672,322,777.

Common Schools. The old school fund is as stated before, $290,900. The annual income of this fund, $29,090, is distributed among the several counties and paid to teachers of schools and academies ratably. The Legislature, at its session in 1857, appropriated $100,000 to be distributed in the same manner as, and in addition to, the income of the school fund. This amount was increased at the session in 1859 to $150,000, and it is said will afterwards be increased annually until it reaches $500,000. Provision is also made for a school fund as follows. As each bond of the present State debt is paid a new one is to be issued; and these several bonds will constitute the fund, the income from which will be ratably distributed to pay teachers. November 1, 1859, $ 150,000 of these bonds had been issued, and are held by the Secretary of State as trustee of the Educational Fund of Georgia. The bonds run for 20 years, and pay six per cent interest. November 1, 1859, school returns had been received for 1859 from 102 counties. Number of children between 8 and 18, 107,825; whole number in the State by the State Census, 117,670; number taught, 67,155; total number taught, 79,922; males, 45,090; females, 34,832. Number taught the elementary branches, males, 29,238; females, 22,681; the higher branches, males, 8,032; females, 7,613. Cost of tuition, elementary branches, $15.50 per annum; higher branches, $26. Number of school-houses, 1,775, of schools, 1,777. Of the 102 counties, 99 have appointed boards to examine teachers.

The Georgia Military Institute at Marietta is under the patronage of the State. There are in the State, besides the State University with 105 students, eight colleges for males, and eleven for females under the control of particular religious sects. The male colleges are, Methodist, 4; students, 358. Baptist, 3; students, 297. Presbyterian, 1; students, 97. The female colleges are, Methodist, 4; students, 524. Baptist, 4; students, 3:2; Presbyterian, 3; students, 325; total female students in these colleges, 1,171. There are other colleges and high schools, not sectarian for males, 16, pupils, 773; for females, 16, pupils, 1,222. Number of academies, 57. Governor Brown in his message (Nov. 1859), recommends the appointment of a superintendent of education for the State.

State Penitentiary. — This building is at Milledgeville. It was commenced in 1811, and from that time to and including 1858 there had been appropriated for its erection, maintenance, repairs, and enlargement, $511,152. The convicts are now employed in repairing and reconstructing it.

Lunatic Asylum. - This institution is at Midway, near Milledgeville. The first appropriation made for it, was one of $20,000, in 1837. Since then, to and including 1858, $348,200 had been appropriated for erecting, enlarging, and repairing the buildings, and $238,257 for the support of indigent and pauper patients, and for the pay of the officers, attendants, &c.

Deaf and Dumb Asylum. — This institution is near Cave Spring, Floyd County. The first appropriation for the support and education of the indigent deaf and dumb was made

in 1834, when $3,000 were appropriated. In 1835, the sum was raised to $5,200. They were then educated in Hartford, Connecticut. In 1838, an annual appropriation of $4,500 was made for their education at Hartford. In 1845, the act was changed so as to authorize them to be educated in Georgia. In 1847, Commissioners were appointed to purchase land on which to build an asylum. The cost of the land and buildings is $20,231.44. Total appropriations for the Institution, $136,500.

Georgia Academy for the Blind. This institution is at Macon. It was at first established by the citizens of Bibb County, and was incorporated in 1852, when the Legislature appropriated $10,000 to aid the funds and defray the expenses for the years 1852 and 1853. The State appropriations up to and including 1858, for all the purposes of the institution, amounted to $91,500. At the beginning of the year, Oct. 20, 1859, there were 22 pupils in the institution. During the year, 10 were admitted, 5 left, and one died, leaving, Oct. 20, 1860, 26. The expenditures for the year were $ 6,768 67.

Banks. For the condition of the Banks in Georgia in January, 1860, see ante, p. 231. State Census. The census returns for 1859 show the following:- White population, 571,534; slaves, 439,592; free persons of color, 3,292; total, 1,014,418; white males between 6 and 16, 81,719; males under 6, 62,109; males over 16, 131,592; females between 6 and 15, 73,480; under 6, 59,895; over 15, 138,323; deaf and dumb, 299; lunatics, 400; idiots, 442; representative population, 778,054 ; number of families, 99,695.

VIII. ILLINOIS.

Capital, Springfield. Area, 55,409 sq. m. Population, 1860, 1,687,404.
Government for the Year 1861.

Francis A. Hoffmann, of Chicago, Lt.-Gov. & Pres. of Senate, " $3 a day.

[during session, and 10 cents a mile travel.

The Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Secretary of State, and Auditor are elected by the people for four years; the Treasurer and Superintendent of Public Instruction for two years. Senators, twenty-five in number, are chosen for four years, one half every two years; and Representatives, seventy-five in number, every two years, for two years. The pay of the members of the Legislature is $2 a day for the first forty days, and $1 a day afterwards. The sessions of the Legislature are biennial. A session commenced in January, 1861.

* Exclusive of clerk hire. The Secretary of State has fees also.