No. 585. AVERAGE SHOPPER'S EXPENDITURE OF A $20 BILL IN SUPERMARKETS AND GROCERY STORES: 1960 TO 1972

2 Bakery products, dairy products (including eggs and margarine), frozen foods, meat, fish, poultry, and produce. 3 Includes salami, bacon, frankfurters, etc.

4 Includes eggs and margarine. Includes instant coffee.

Includes hot cereals, corn meal, and hominy grits. 7 Includes baby cereals.
Includes packaged gelatin and instant desserts.

Source: Gralla Publications, New York, N. Y., Supermarketing, 1973 (copyright).

No. 586. RETAIL PRICE INDEXES OF FUELS AND ELECTRICITY: 1940 to 1972 [1967 100. Annual averages for cities combined. Prior to 1965, excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Based on data collected primarily for calculation in Consumer Price Index; see text, p. 346. Prior to 1965, covers 46 cities; for 1965, covers 50 urban areas; beginning 1966, covers 56 areas. See Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1957, series E 177-180 and E 185, for indexes on 1947-49 base]

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Retail Prices and Indexes of Fuels and Electricity.

No. 587. AVERAGE RESIDENTIAL MONTHLY BILLS FOR ELECTRICITY: 1940 TO 1972 [For cities of 2,500 inhabitants or more. U.S. composite average as of January 1, using latest available population weights. Prior to 1960, excludes Alaska and Hawaii]

Electricity Costs-Residential Rent

361

No. 588. NET MONTHLY RESIDENTIAL ELECTRIC BILLS FOR 250 KILOWATT-HOURS USE, 1970 TO 1972, AND BY STATES, 1972

[Based on rates as of January 1 for communities of 10,000 inhabitants or more]

1 Only 1 community in this population group.

2 No community in this population group.

Source: U.S. Federal Power Commission, Typical Electric Bills, annual.

No. 589. CONSUMER PRICE INDEXES-RESIDENTIAL RENTS IN SELECTED SMSA's: 1950 To 1972

1967-100. Annual averages. For definition of standard metropolitan statistical area (SMSA), see text, section 33. See also headnote, table 583]

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, The Consumer Price Index, U.S. City Average and Selected Areas, monthly.

FIG. XXIV. POPULAR VOTE CAST FOR PRESIDENT, BY MAJOR PARTY: 1932 TO 1972

Section 13
Elections

This section relates primarily to presidential, congressional, and gubernatorial elections. Also presented are summary tables on Congressional legislation, population of voting age, voter participation, and campaign expenditures.

Official statistics on Federal elections are collected by the Clerk of the House of Representatives and published biennially in Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election and Statistics of the Congressional Election. Congressional Quarterly Inc., Washington, D.C., publishes a special report, Complete Returns of the 19-Elections by Congressional District, in March or April of each odd-numbered year, presenting the results of presidential, congressional, and gubernatorial elections. Federal and State election statistics appear also in America Votes, issued biennially by the Governmental Affairs Institute, Washington, D.C.; and data on Federal elections appear in the Congressional Directory, United States Congress, and in official State documents.

Almost all Federal, State, and local governmental units in the United States conduct elections at various intervals-annual, biennial, quadrennial, or longer-for different types of offices and other purposes. No regular and complete system exists for reporting either the number of elections held or the numbers of votes cast for candidates, except for Federal offices and, in most States, for State offices. The conduct of elections is regulated by State laws or, in some cities and counties, by local charter. An exception is that the United States Constitution prescribes the basis of representation in Congress and the manner of electing the President of the United States, and grants to Congress the right to regulate the times, places, and manner of electing Federal officers. The 24th Amendment to the Constitution, adopted in 1964, gave citizens the right to vote in any election for Federal office without payment of tax. Presidential election.—The election of the President is provided for in the Constitution, article II, section 1, through establishment of an electoral college in each State, for each presidential election. The method of casting the electoral vote was modified in 1804 by the adoption of the 12th Amendment to the Constitution. The number of electors, and therefore of electoral votes, is "equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in Congress." The electors are elected by popular vote in all States. The 22d Amendment to the Constitution, adopted in 1951, limits presidential tenure to 2 elective terms of 4 years each, or to 1 elective term for any person who, upon succession to the Presidency, has held the office or acted as President for more than 2 years. The 23d Amendment, adopted in 1961, grants the District of Columbia electors for President and Vice President. Congressional election. The number of members in the House of Representatives is fixed by the Congress at the time of each apportionment; since 1912, it has remained constant at 435. However, the legislation granting statehood to Alaska and Hawaii allotted 1 Representative to each of those States and, during 1960 to 1962, increased the total of members to 437. The total reverted to 435 after reapportionment following the 1960 Census. The Constitution provides that "Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers. . . ." The Constitution also requires that each State have at least 1 Representative. Members are elected for 2-year terms, all terms covering the same period.

The Senate is composed of 100 members, 2 from each State, who are elected to serve for a term of 6 years. One-third of the Senate is elected every 2 years. Senators were originally chosen by the State legislatures. The 17th Amendment to the Constitution, adopted in 1913, prescribed that Senators be elected by popular vote.

Historical statistics.-Tabular headnotes provide cross-references, where applicable, to Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957. See preface.

No. 590. VOTE CAST FOR PRESIDENT, 1900 TO 1972, AND FOR REPRESENTATIVES, 1932 TO 1972, BY POLITICAL PARTIES

[Prior to 1958, excludes Alaska and Hawail. Includes vote cast for major party candidates endorsed by minor parties. See also Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1957, series Y 27-31 and Y 146-149]

1 Includes votes for minor party candidates, independents, unpledged electors, and scattered write-in votes. 2 Includes District of Columbia.

3 Mainly Progressive in 1912 and 1924, States Rights and Progressive in 1948, and American Independent in 1968 and 1972.

4 Socialist Labor only.

Includes 4,831,000 votes cast for La Follette, candidate for the Progressive Party.

• Workers Party. 7 Includes 9,906,000 votes cast for George Wallace, American Independent Party. See also table 599. Includes minor party votes. 10 Includes Hawaii figures for July 1959. Source: 1900-1936, Edgar Eugene Robinson, The Presidential Vote and They Voted for Roosevelt, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 1934 and 1947, respectively. Later data, Governmental Affairs Institute, Washington, D.C. America At the Polls (copyright); U.S. Congress, Clerk of the House, Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election and Statistics of the Congressional Election. (For some years, figures have been revised by Elections Research Center.)