No. 846. RAILROADS EMPLOYEES, HOUrs, and CompenSATION: 1950 TO 1966 [Excludes switching and terminal roads. See also Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1957, series Q141-142]

YEAR

ALL OPERATING
CARRIERS 1

Average
number

of em-
ployees

Calculated for all classes of employees, including those not paid on an hourly basis. Source: Interstate Commerce Commission; annual report, Transport Statistics in the United States, Part 1, and Statement No. M-300.

No. 847.

RAILROAD ACCIDENTS-PERSONS KILLED AND INJURED, BY STATUS: 1950 TO 1966

[As of December 31. Prior to 1960, excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Covers all reportable accidents, i.e. those resulting in personal casualty, or in damage to railroad property exceeding amounts specified by the Interstate Commerce Commission. Includes rail-highway grade crossing accidents. See also Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1957, series Q 143-152)

1 Data cover passengers on trains and travelers not on trains. * Includes casualties sustained in nontrain accidents. Nontrain accidents are those not caused directly by operation or movement of trains, locomotives, or cars, but attributable to shop machinery or use of tools and apparatus that result in reportable casualties.

Source: 1950-1965, Interstate Commerce Commission; annual report, Accident Bulletin. Beginning 1966, Dept. of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration; annual report, Accident Bulletin.

No. 848.

HIGHWAY GRADE CROSSINGS-NUMBER AND ACCIDENTS: 1950 TO 1966 [Prior to 1960, excludes Alaska and Hawail. Covers all railroads, except as noted. Excludes casualties due to suicide, mental derangement, and attempt to escape custody. See also headncte, table 847. See also Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1957, series Q 125-127]

Not available. 1 Class I railroads only.

Includes crossings with operated gates or watchmen, or both, during at least part of day; and those with audible or visible signals, or both. Excludes those with fixed signs only.

Source: Interstate Commerce Commission; annual reports, Accident Bulletin, Statistics of Railways in the United States, and, beginning 1955, Transport Statistics in the United States, Part 1. Beginning 1966, accident data from Dept. of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration; annual report, Accident Bulletin.

No. 849. PULLMAN COMPANY OPERATIONS: 1940 To 1966

[Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. See also Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1957, series Q 138-140]

1 Beginning 1940, includes operations on Canadian and Mexican railroads; excludes chartered car operations. Source: Interstate Commerce Commission; annual reports, Statistics of Railways in the United States, and, beginning 1955, Transport Statistics in the United States. (1955-1962, Part 2; beginning 1963, Part 1.)

No. 850. PETROLEUM PIPELINE COMPANIES SUMMARY OF SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA: 1940 to 1965

[In thousands of dollars, except miles of line operated. Prior to 1960, excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Refers to pipeline companies operating in interstate commerce and subject to jurisdiction of Interstate Commerce Commission. See Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1957, series Q 342, for miles of line operated]

1 Represents investments and special funds. 2 Includes pipe-line taxes but not Federal income taxes.

209, 527

217,761

No. 851. PETROLEUM PIPELINES-OIL TRANSPORTED: 1950 to 1965 [Prior to 1960, excludes Alaska and Hawaii. See headnote, table 850. See Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1957, series Q 343-344, for oil originated]

Source of tables 850 and 851: Interstate Commerce Commission; annual reports, Statistics of Oil PipeLine Companies, and, beginning 1955, Transport Statistics in the United States, Part 6.

Section 22

Transportation-Air and Water

This section presents statistics on civil air transportation, both passenger and cargo, and on water transportation, including inland waterways, oceanborne commerce, the merchant marine, cargo and vessel tonnages, and shipbuilding. The principal sources of these data are the annual FAA Statistical Handbook of Aviation, issued by the Federal Aviation Agency; the annual Waterborne Commerce of the United States and the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, Part 2, issued by the Corps of Engineers of the Department of the Army; the monthly and annual U.S. Waterborne Foreign Trade, and U.S. Airborne Foreign Trade, issued by the Bureau of the Census; and the annual Merchant Marine Statistics, issued by the Bureau of Customs.

Data on air transportation are also presented in Air Transport Facts and Figures, published annually by the Air Transport Association of America, Washington, D.C. Additional sources of data on water transportation include A Statistical Analysis of the World's Merchant Fleets, issued periodically by the Maritime Administration of the Department of Commerce; The Bulletin, issued monthly by the American Bureau of Shipping, New York; and the Annual Summary of Merchant Ships Launched in the World and the Register Book published by Lloyd's Register of Shipping, London, England. The 1821 through 1946 issues of Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States, published by the Bureau of the Census, is a basic source for historical data. Data relating to merchandise exports and imports, their classification, dollar values, and countries of origin and destination are in section 31, Foreign Commerce and Aid. Civil aviation.-Federal promotion and regulation of civil aviation are carried out by the Federal Aviation Agency and the Civil Aeronautics Board. The Board issues certificates permitting persons to engage in air transportation as a business, fixes air mail rates which they may charge, and may establish maximum and minimum rates for transportation of passengers and goods. It also has the duty of investigating accidents in air transportation.

The principal activities of the Federal Aviation Agency are: Controlling the use of navigable airspace; prescribing regulations dealing with the competency of airmen, airworthiness of aircraft, and air traffic control; operation of air route traffic control centers, airport traffic control towers, and flight service stations; the design, construction, maintenance, and inspection of navigation, traffic control, and communications equipment for the airways; and promotion of air safety.

These agencies publish annual operational data on the use of airway facilities; data related to the location of airmen, aircraft, and airports; the activity volume in the field of non-aircarrier (general aviation) flying; and aircraft production and registration. Air carriers and service.-The term certificated route air carrier refers to air carriers holding certificates of public convenience and necessity, issued by the Civil Aeronautics Board, authorizing the performance of scheduled air transportation over specified routes and a limited amount of nonscheduled operations. This general carrier grouping includes the all-purpose carrier (i.e., the so-called passenger/cargo carriers) and the all-cargo carriers, and comprises all of the airlines certificated by the board, except the supplemental air carriers. Certificated route air carriers are often referred to as "scheduled airlines," although they also perform nonscheduled service. Nonscheduled service comprises revenue flights that are not operated in regular scheduled service, such as charter flights, and all nonrevenue flights incident to such flights. Scheduled service is transport service operated over an air carrier's certificated routes, based on published flight schedules, including extra sections and related nonrevenue flights.

247079 - 67 - 38

Vessel shipments, entrances, and clearances.-Shipments by dry cargo vessels comprise shipments on all types of watercraft except tanker vessels; shipments by tanker vessels comprise all types of cargo, liquid and dry, carried by tanker vessels. A vessel is reported as entered at the first port which it enters in the United States, regardless of whether any cargo is unladen at that port. A vessel is reported as cleared from the last port where outward cargo is completed or where the vessel cleared in ballast. Army and Navy vessels entering or clearing without commercial cargo and vessels touching at a United States port in distress, or for other temporary causes without discharging cargo, are not included in the figures.

Units of measurement.-Cargo tonnage and shipping weight both represent the gross weight of the cargo including the weight of containers, wrappings, crates, etc. However, shipping weight excludes lift and cargo vans and similar substantial outer containers. Other tonnage figures generally refer to stowing capacity of vessels, 100 cubic feet being called 1 ton. Gross tonnage comprises the space within the frames and the ceiling of the hull, together with those closed-in spaces above deck available for cargo, stores, passengers, or crew, with certain minor exceptions. Net or registered tonnage is the gross tonnage less the spaces occupied by the propelling machinery, fuel, crew quarters, master's cabin, and navigation spaces. It represents substantially space available for cargo and passengers. The net tonnage capacity of a ship may bear little relation to weight of cargo. Dead-weight tonnage is the weight in long tons required to depress a vessel from light water line (that is, with only the machinery and equipment on board) to load line. It is therefore the weight of the cargo, fuel, etc., which a vessel is designed to carry with safety.

Historical statistics.-Tabular headnotes provide cross-references, where applicable, to Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957. See preface.

No. 852. SCHEDULED PASSENGER/CARGO OPERATIONS

OPERATING REVENUES AND

EXPENSES OF CERTIFICATED AIR CARRIERS: 1955 TO 1966

[In millions of dollars. 1955 not exactly comparable with later years. Beginning 1962, aircraft expense items include some ground and indirect expenses not previously included, and the ground and indirect expense item covers only expenses chargeable to general services and administration. See also headnote, table 855]

Source: Dept. of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration; FAA Statistical Handbook of Aviation

Data from Civil Aeronautics Board.

FIG. XXXVII. OPERATING REVENUES AND EXPENSES OF SCHEDULED AIR CARRIERS: 1955 TO 1965

Source: Chart prepared by Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Data from Federal Aviation Agency.

Source: Chart prepared by Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Data from Dept. of the Army, Corps of Engineers.