No. 770. GAS UTILITY INDUSTRY-CUSTOMERS AND REVENUES, BY TYPE OF GAS, Represents zero. Z Customers, less than 50; revenues, less than $500,000. 1 Averages for the year. Excludes revenues from sales for resale. Natural gas only included for Alaska. Natural gas only. Source: American Gas Association, New York, N.Y.; yearbook, Gas Facts. Section 20 This section presents statistics relating to various aspects of scientific and technical activity. Major topics are research and development, training and employment of scientists and engineers, atomic energy, space vehicles, and patents and trademarks. Principal sources of these data are the National Science Foundation, the Atomic Energy Commission, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The National Science Foundation gathers data chiefly through recurring statistical surveys and the National Register of Scientific and Technical Personnel (see below). Current Foundation publications containing data on funds for research and development and on scientific and engineering personnel include the bulletin series, Reviews of Data on Science Resources; the regular reports, Federal Funds for Research, Development, and Other Scientific Activities; Basic Research, Applied Research, and Development in Industry, and American Science Manpower; occasional reports relating to colleges and universities, and other nonprofit institutions; special reports such as Scientific Manpower From Abroad; and policy reports relating to national allocation of manpower and funds to science and technology. Statistical surveys in these areas pose particularly difficult problems of concept and definition and the data should, therefore, be regarded as broad estimates rather than precise quantitative statements. Detailed discussions of the scope and limitations of the data appear in the source publications. Neither the National Aeronautics and Space Administration nor the Atomic Energy Commission publish any statistical reports as such. NASA's Semiannual Report contains current data on finances and its biweekly Satellite Situation Report presents information on artificial satellites, including both objects in orbit and decayed objects; and its one-page Space Activities Summary, issued for each space vehicle it launches, gives data on the launching vehicle, its payload, and its performance. The Atomic Energy Commission's annual and semiannual reports contain data on atomic energy, equipment, finances, and licenses. Other sources of statistics on scientific and technical activities include The Budget of the United States Government, which contains summary financial data on all Federal research and development programs; the report series Resources for Medical Research, issued by the Public Health Service of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, and designed to present timely information on funds, manpower, facilities, and institutions devoted to medical and health-related research; and the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Patents, issued by the Department of Commerce's Patent Office and presenting data on patent applications and issuances and on trademark registrations and renewals. Research and development.-The National Science Foundation defines research as a "systematic and intensive study directed toward a fuller knowledge of the subject studied" and development as "the systematic use of scientific knowledge directed toward the production of useful materials, devices, systems, methods, or processes." The data on funds are presented within the framework of a national economic structure composed of four sectors: (1) The government sector, made up primarily of Federal executive agencies; (2) the industry sector, consisting of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing firms and the Federal contract research centers they administer; (3) the colleges and universities sector, composed of colleges, universities, and their affiliated institutions, agricultural experiment stations and associated schools of agriculture, and Federal contract research centers administered by educational institutions; and (4) the other nonprofit institutions sector, consisting of such organizations as private philanthropic foundations, nonprofit research institutes, voluntary health agencies, and Federal contract research centers administered by nonprofit organizations. Federal contract research centers are research and development organizations which are exclusively or substantially financed by the Federal government and which, in most instances, were originally established to meet a particular R&D need of the Government. They are administered on a contractual basis, by companies, educational institutions, or other nonprofit organizations. The R&D funds reported consist of current operating costs, including those for planning and administration, except as otherwise noted. They exclude funds for routine testing, mapping and surveying, collection of general-purpose data, dissemination of scientific information, and training of scientific manpower. Scientists, engineers, and technicians.-Scientists and engineers are defined as persons engaged in scientific and engineering work at a level requiring a knowledge of sciences equivalent at least to that acquired through completion of a 4-year college course. They are generally classified according to the fields of their employment and not according to the discipline in which they received their major training. Technicians are defined as persons engaged in technical work at a level requiring knowledge acquired through a technical institute, junior college, or other type of training less extensive than 4-year college training. Craftsmen and skilled workers are excluded. The National Register of Scientific and Technical Personnel is a comprehensive program, conducted by the National Science Foundation, for the voluntary registration of scientists. Because it is voluntary, the Register does not include all scientists in the United States but it does provide valuable statistical information on demographic and other characteristics of scientists not available elsewhere. Coverage is currently being extended to engineers. Historical statistics.-Tabular headnotes provide cross-references, where applicable, to Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957. See preface. FIG. XXXIV. NASA EXPENDITURES FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1961 TO 1968 [See table 796] Source: Chart prepared by Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Data from National Aeronautics and Space Administration. No. 771. FUNDS FOR PERFORMANCE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AND BASIC RESEARCH, BY SECTOR, DISTRIBUTED BY SOURCE: 1955 to 1965 [In millions of dollars. The data are primarily on a calendar year basis-data for calendar year 1955 for industry and other nonprofit institutions are combined with Federal and university data for fiscal 1955 (1954-55). The same pattern is followed for subsequent years. Data refer, in general, to the natural sciences including engineering and to the social sciences in all but the industry sector. The major portion of funds excludes capital expenditures for research and development. Expenditures at Federal contract research centers administered by industry and other nonprofit institutions are included in the totals of the respective sectors] * Includes basic research, applied research, and development. received by these institutions and used for research and development. Includes State and local government funds • Includes estimates for independent nonprofit hospitals and voluntary health agencies. Source: National Science Foundation; National Patterns of R & D Resources 1953-68—Funds and Manpower in the United States. (NSF67-7). No. 772. FUNDS FOR PERFORMANCE OF INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH AND Development, BY CHARACTER OF WORK, 1961 to 1965, anD BY SELECTED Industry, 1965 [In millions of dollars. Includes performance of Federal contract research centers administered by industrial firms, classified by industry of the administering company. Excludes performance by certain industry-oriented organizations, such as trade associations, that account annually for less than 1 percent of the total. Excludes funds for R&D capital and the social sciences] Excludes geological and geophysical exploration activities of petroleum companies. ? These 2 Industries have been combined because of the similarity of their research and development activities. Source: National Science Foundation; annual report, Basic Research, Applied Research, and Development in Industry. No. 773. FEDERAL OBLIGATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1959 to 1967 [In millions of dollars. For years ending June 30. Excludes R&D plant. For any given year, obligations differ from expenditures (see table 774) because not all funds are expended during year obligated] No. 774. FEDERAL EXPENDITURES FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, AND R&D PLANT, BY AGENCY: 1960 to 1967 [In millions of dollars. For years ending June 30. Includes social science research. Expenditure data in this table differ from those in table 771 because of the difference between Federal fiscal year reports and predominantly calendar year reporting by other sectors. See also Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1957, series W 79-94] 1 Data represent "accrued costs" rather than expenditures. Source of tables 773 and 774: National Science Foundation; annual report, Federal Funds for Research, Development, and Other Scientific Activities. No. 775. INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION: 1965 [Amounts in millions of dollars. See headnote, table 772. For States in each division, see fig. 1, p. xii] Source: National Science Foundation; annual report, Basic Research, Applied Research, and Development in Industry. |