No. 120. CIVILIAN PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF MAJOR FOOD COMMODITIES: 1940 TO 1966 [In pounds, except as noted. Data on calendar year basis except as follows: Dried fruit, pack year; fresh citrus fruits and rice, crop year beginning previous year; peanuts, crop year beginning September of year indicated, and, prior to 1950, canned fruits on a pack year. Prior to 1960, excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Based on Bureau of the Census estimated population as of July 1. See also Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1957, series G 552-565, G 571-580, G 583, and G 584] 1 Excludes canned food products containing small quantities of fish, such as chowder. Source: Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Published quarterly in National Food Situation. No. 121. WEIGHT RANGE OF MEN AND WOMEN, BY AGE AND HEight: 1960–62 [Height without shoes; weight, in pounds, partially clothed. Clothing weight estimated at 2 lb. Values shown represent range of weights within which 50 percent of the population of a given height would fall. Approximately 25 percent would weigh less and 25 percent more than these values. Based on a nationwide sample of persons 18 to 79 years of age selected for the Health Examination Survey conducted Oct. 1959-Dec. 1962] Source: Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service; Vital and Health Statistics, Series 11-No. 14. No. 122. FEDERAL FOOD PROGRAMS-DIRECT DISTRIBUTION, INDEMNITY PLAN, AND SPECIAL MILK PROGRAM: 1940 To 1966 [For years ending June 30. Participation data for peak month. Includes Puerto Rico, Guam, and Virgin Islands for all years, and, beginning 1964, American Samoa] 126-166 137-175 130-170 140-178 133-173 137-176 140-180 144-183 X Not applicable. See also 1 Represents cost to the Federal Government of the commodity as delivered to the State distributing agency; includes cost of purchase, handling, warehousing, and transportation, but excludes administrative costs. 1 For 1940, represents School Milk Program, which was merged with indemnity plan in July 1943. beadnote, table 123. Cost refers to subsidy payments by the Federal Government; excludes administrative costs. Initiated in September 1954 to increase the consumption of fluid milk in schools and child-care institutions authorized under the Agricultural Act of 1954, as amended. Source: Dept. of Agriculture; annual report, Agricultural Statistics. No. 123. SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM (INDEMNITY PLAN)-SCHOOLS AND CHILDREN PARTICIPATING, STATES AND OTHER AREAS: 1966 [Comprises elementary and secondary schools. The indemnity plan is a subsidy program to expand markets for agricultural products, maintain outlets for government-owned commodities, and support school-lunch programs. Sponsors of school-lunch programs are reimbursed by the Federal Government for local purchases of food on a basis of quality and quantity of meals served] Data are for November 1965 and represent average number of children participating in program for that month. The number of schools and children may have been higher in some States during other months but November was the peak month in terms of children participating nationally. 2 Source: Office of Education. Public and private schools are for fall 1965; private schools, estimated. Source: Dept. of Agriculture, Consumer and Marketing Service; annual release, National School Lunch ProSL-2-66. gram No. 124. SURPLUS FOOD DONATED TO NEEDY FAMILIES-COUNTIES PARTICIPATING, RECIPIENTS, QUANTITY, AND COST: 1950 TO 1966 [For years ending June 30. Participation data for peak month. Excludes Alaska and, prior to 1964, Hawaii] 1 Unemployed and low-income persons other than those on regular public assistance rolls. Total cost to Federal Government including commodity cost, warehousing, processing, repackaging, miscellaneous handling charges, and transportation costs to designated carload receiving points within the various States. Source: Dept. of Agriculture; annual report, Agricultural Statistics, and unpublished data. Section 3 Immigration and Naturalization This section presents statistics related to immigration, naturalization, and alien registration. The principal source of these data is the Annual Report of the Immigration and Naturalization Service. Immigration statistics are prepared from entry documents. Statistics for naturalizations are compiled from periodic reports by courts conducting such proceedings, and those for alien registrations are compiled from alien address report cards. The continuous record of immigration into the United States began in 1819, under the Act of March 2. Immigration statistics were compiled by the Department of State from 1820 to 1874 and by the Treasury Department from 1867 to 1895. Since 1892 there has been a separate office or bureau of immigration, now a part of the Immigration and Naturalization Service. Information on immigration and naturalization has been included in annual reports issued by the Office of Immigration from 1892 to 1932, the Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1940, the Attorney General for 1941, and the Immigration and Naturalization Service since then. Immigration. Since 1820 the official immigration statistics (see table 126) have changed considerably in coverage. The early figures were for arrivals at Atlantic and Gulf coast seaports of the United States. Pacific coast arrivals were first reported in 1850. Aliens arriving at Canadian seaports en route to the United States were included after 1893. The reporting of arrivals over the land borders began in 1904. Prior to 1868, arriving alien passengers were recorded; thereafter, aliens coming for temporary stay were omitted. The passage of the Act of 1891 increased the number of excludable classes. The basis of reporting was then changed from arrivals to admissions, omitting aliens not permitted to enter the United States, except for the period 1895-1897 when the reporting of arrivals was resumed. Immigrant. An immigrant is defined as an alien, other than a returning resident alien, admitted for permanent residence. Quotas limit immigration from countries other than those of the Western Hemisphere. Until 1920 there was only a qualitative limitation into this country. The 1921 Act placed the first numerical ceiling upon immigration. Each country's quota was to be 3 percent of the number of people born in that country who were residing in the United States as reported by the 1910 Census of Population. In 1924, a new formula was enacted for computing a country's quota, based on 2 percent of the number of people born in that country who were residing in the United States as determined by the 1890 Census of Population. The 1924 Act also provided that, beginning July 1, 1929, the quota of any country shall have the same ratio to 150,000 as the number of persons of that national origin living in the United States had to the total population living in the United States as determined from the 1920 Census of Population. This Act also established minimum quotas of 100 for all quota areas. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 simplified the national origins formula of the 1924 Act by basing the annual quota on a flat one-sixth of 1 percent of the population in the 1920 Census. Quotas revised by Presidential proclamation now total 158,261. Act of 1965.-Effective December 1, 1965, quotas established under the 1952 Act continue but are subject to a new preference system. Moreover, at the end of each fiscal year the numbers allocated to each country which are not used are transferred to an immigration pool and made available to preference immigrants who cannot obtain visas because the quota for their country is exhausted. The allocations from the pool and from existing numbers may not exceed 170,000. Also effective December 1, 1965, the "quota immigrant" of the 1952 Act is called "immigrant" and the “nonquota immigrant" is called "immediate relative" or "special immigrant." Immediate relatives of United States citizens are parents (if the citizen is over age 21), spouses, and children under age 21. They are exempted from the numerical ceilings. Special immigrants include returning resident aliens (although these are often classed as nonimmigrants for statistical purposes), certain former citizens, and certain other specified groups. The spouses and children under age 21 of the following groups are included if they are accompanying or following to join such immigrants: Western Hemisphere natives, retired employees of our government abroad, and ministers of religion. Special immigrants are also exempt from the numerical ceilings. Effective July 1, 1968, a limit of 170,000 is set for immigrants who are natives of countries outside the Western Hemisphere, with a 20,000 maximum on natives of any one country. Selection is made on the basis of preferences favoring family reunification and persons with skills and talents needed here. Also effective then, unless Congress decides otherwise, is a ceiling of 120,000 on Western Hemisphere natives on a firstcome first-served basis with no limitation on the number from any one country. "Immediate relatives" and "special immigrants" other than those in the latter category because of Western Hemisphere birth continue to be exempt from numerical ceilings. Nonimmigrant.-Nonimmigrants are aliens who enter the United States for temporary periods. Included in the nonimmigrant class are foreign government officials, their families, attendants, servants, and employees; temporary visitors for business or pleasure; aliens in continuous transit through the United States; students; and others. Resident aliens returning from a temporary stay abroad are often classed as nonimmigrants, although they are legally special immigrants. Certain temporary admissions such as of persons in possession of border-crossing identification cards are not included in the nonimmigrant totals. Displaced persons and refugees.-The Displaced Persons Act of 1948 was the first of eight special acts passed between 1948 and 1960 that provided for the admission of refugees from Communist-dominated countries, victims of natural calamities, and orphan children without regard to the usual numerical ceilings. Status of Cubans.-Effective November 2, 1966, Cubans admitted or paroled into the United States after January 1, 1959, and present in the United States for at least 2 years may obtain permanent resident status. A record of the alien's admission for permanent residence will be created as of 30 months prior to filing of an application or the date of his last arrival in the United States, whichever is later. Cuban immigrants who have been admitted for permanent residence may also have the date of admission adjusted to a date 30 months prior to the date of this Act. Alien registration. The Immigration and Nationality Act provides that each alien who is required to be registered under the Alien Registration Act of 1940, and who is in the United States on January 1, must report his current address to the Attorney General during the month of January. Alien address report cards are distributed through the post offices of the United States or the local offices of the Immigration and Naturalization Service. Naturalization.-Naturalization statistics for the United States began with the fiscal year 1907. Prior to this time each court kept records of naturalizations but no national data were compiled. The Act of June 29, 1906, effective September 27, 1906, provided for periodic returns by all courts conducting naturalization proceedings, and for the filing with a central Federal agency of a duplicate copy of each declaration of intention and petition for naturalization filed, and of each certificate of naturalization issued. Naturalization statistics were originally compiled by the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization of the Department of Commerce and Labor, now the Immigration and Naturalization Service of the Department of Justice. Historical statistics.-Tabular headnotes provide cross-references, where applicable, to Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957. See preface. |