No. 533. CIVILIAN RESIDENT POPULATION OF VOTING AGE, 1940 TO 1964, AND PROJECTIONS, 1968, BY STATES

[In thousands. As of November 1. Population 21 years old and over, except as noted; includes aliens; prior to 1960, excludes Alaska and Hawaii]

No. 534. PERCENT OF POPULATION CASTING VOTES, 1960 TO 1966, AND VOTING UNITS, 1964

[As of November 1, except as noted. Civilian population 21 years old and over, except as noted; includes aliens]

X Not applicable. 1 As of Nov. 3. Source: Network Election Service, New York, N.Y. * Includes District of Columbia.

Population 19 years old and over.

According to Arkansas law, it is not required to tabulate votes for unopposed candidates.
Population 18 years old and over. • Population 20 years old and over.

Source: Except as noted, Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census; Current Population Reports, Series P-25, No. 342, and unpublished data. Based on votes cast as presented in U.S. Congress, Clerk of the House, Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election and Statistics of the Congressional Election.

No. 535.

PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL ELECTION, BY SEX, COLOR, AND REGION:

Source: Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census; Current Population Reports, Series P-20, Nos. 143 and 160, and unpublished data.

2 Covers persons 21 years old and over only.

1 As applicable for States specified in headnote to table 535.

' Covers persons 21 years old and over in primary families see text. p. 3. Income for preceding 12 months. Source: Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census; Current Population Reports, Series P-20, No. 143.

No. 537.

EXPENDITURES FOR POLITICAL BROADCASTS, BY MEDIUM AND PARTY-
ELECTIONS OF 1956, 1960, AND 1964

[In thousands of dollars. Represents media charges before commissions and after discounts]

Source: U.S. Congress, Clerk of the House, 1956 General Election Campaigns (85th Congress, 1st session); and Federal Communications Commission; Survey of Political Broadcasting, April 1961 and July 1965.

Section 14

Federal Government Finances and Employment

This section presents statistics relating to the financial structure and the civilian employment of the Federal Government. The fiscal data cover the essential apparatus of public financing, namely appropriations, taxes, receipts, expenditures, and debt. The personnel data relate to civil staffing and payrolls for the various public functions and agencies, to employee characteristics, and to civil service status.

Principal sources of the fiscal data are The Budget of the United States Government, published annually by the Bureau of the Budget, and the Treasury Department's annual Combined Statement of Receipts, Expenditures, and Balances, the official report relating to the receipts, appropriations, expenditures, and fund accounts. The Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury is a convenient summary of yearly data relating to somewhat broader fields.

The day-to-day cash operations of the Federal Government clearing through the accounts of the Treasurer of the United States are reported in the Daily Statement of the United States Treasury. The issue for the last day of the month contains information as to the public debt receipts and expenditures for the month and the outstanding public debt as of that day.

Receipts and expenditures of the Government classified as to administrative budget and other transactions and showing the budget surplus or deficit appear in the Monthly Statement of Receipts and Expenditures of the United States Government. The monthly Treasury Bulletin contains analytical material on fiscal operations and related Treasury activities, including financial statements of Government corporations and businesstype enterprises. Another special aspect of Federal finances is presented in the Treasury Department's monthly Circulation Statement of United States Money.

Tax data are compiled by the Internal Revenue Service of the Treasury Department. The Annual Report of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue gives a detailed account of tax collections by kind of tax, by internal revenue regions and districts, and by States. The agency's three annual Statistics of Income reports present detailed data from individual income tax returns, corporation income tax returns, and business tax returns, respectively. The report on business tax returns presents financial data for sole proprietorships and partnerships along with summary statistics for corporations. Periodic Statistics of Income publications present data from fiduciary income tax, estate tax, and gift tax returns, and also data on such topics as sales of capital assets by individuals, foreign income and tax reported by corporations, depletion and related expenditures, and estate tax wealth.

Federal employment and payroll figures are compiled primarily by the Civil Service Commission and published in its regular Annual Report and its Monthly Report of Federal Employment. The Commission also publishes annual reports on the pay of Federal employees entitled Pay Structure of the Federal Civil Service and on occupations of both white-collar and blue-collar Federal workers. Data on Federal employment are also issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in its Monthly Labor Review.

Major budget concepts.-Data on Government financial transactions are used for so many purposes that no single budgetary system is wholly adequate for complete analysis of the effect of Federal fiscal operations on the level and composition of economic activity. For this reason, several concepts of budget totals have been developed, among which the major ones are the administrative budget, the consolidated cash statement of Federal transactions, and the Federal sector of the national income and product accounts.

The administrative budget covers receipts and expenditures of government-owned funds, of which there are four types. (1) General fund accounts are credited with all receipts not earmarked by law for a specific purpose and are charged with expenditures from the amounts appropriated by the Congress for the general support of the Government. (2) Special fund accounts are credited with receipts from specific sources as authorized by law but not generated from a cycle of operations and may be expended only for the particular purposes specified by law. (3) Public enterprise (revolving) funds finance a cycle of operations in which expenditures generate receipts, primarily from the public. (4) Intragovernmental revolving and management funds facilitate financing operations within and between Government agencies. For many years, the administrative budget accounts served as the principal basis for reporting the affairs of Government and so long as Federally owned funds provided the bulk of financial support for governmental programs, it provided adequate coverage of Federal financial transactions.

The administrative budget does not include trust funds, which consist of money held in trust by the Government for use in carrying out specific purposes or programs in accordance with the terms of a trust agreement or statute, nor does it include deposit fund accounts consisting of funds held by the Government in suspense or as banker or agent pending appropriate disposition. In recent years, trust fund operations have grown so rapidly that the flow of financial transactions between the Federal Government and the public is considerably larger than indicated by the administrative budget.

The consolidated cash statement of Federal receipts and payments is more comprehensive than the administrative budget. It covers not only funds wholly owned by the Federal Government but also the financial transactions of Federal trust funds, the largest of which are the social security and highway trust funds, and the transactions of five Government-sponsored enterprises (the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; the Federal intermediate credit, land, and home loan banks; and banks for cooperatives).

The Federal sector of the national income and product accounts provides a measure of the direct impact of Federal fiscal activity on the Nation's economy. Like the consolidated cash statement, this account includes most trust fund transactions. In contrast to both the administrative budget and the consolidated cash statement, however, it records only those receipts and expenditures which directly affect the current flow of income and output. Therefore, it excludes such capital or financial transactions as loans, mortgages, and the purchase or sale of existing assets, which represent neither the production of current output nor incomes earned in production. Also, whereas the cash and administrative budgets count business tax receipts as they are collected and generally count expenditures at the time of payment, the Federal sector account records some taxes as they accrue and records purchases when delivery is made.

The Federal sector account is especially suited for an analysis of fiscal policy; it was designed to complement the data on private expenditures and incomes contained in the national income accounts. The consolidated cash statement is generally more useful than the national income accounts for purposes of analyzing the Federal impact on financial markets since the actual flow of cash payments to the Government may be more significant for such purposes than the accrual of tax liabilities.

Treasury receipts and expenditures. All receipts of the Government, with a few exceptions, are deposited to the credit of the Treasurer of the United States, regardless of their ultimate disposition or availability for expenditure. Under the Constitution, no money may be withdrawn from the Treasury unless appropriated by the Congress.