AVERAGE TIME SERVED BY PRISONERS RELEASED FROM FEDERAL INSTITUTIONS FOR FIRST TIME: 1966 (For year ending June 30. Excludes 1,192 first releases other than by parole, expiration of sentence, and mandatory release; also excludes 1,860 second or subsequent releases. In birthday] computing averages, sentences to life and more than 45 years were counted as 45 years; minority sentences of juvenile delinquents were counted from date of sentence to 21st No. 245. - Represents zero. Source: Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Prisons; annual report, Statistical Tables. No. 246. HOMICIDES AND SUICIDES: 1930 TO 1965 Source: Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service; annual report, Vital Statistics of the United States. No. 247. PRISONERS EXECUTED UNDER CIVIL AUTHORITY: 1930 TO 1966 [Includes 3 Federal executions in Alaska, 1 each in 1939, 1948, and 1950. Excludes executions by military authorities. The Army (including the Air Force) carried out 160 (148 between 1942 and 1950, 3 each in 1954, 1955, and 1957, and 1 each in 1958, 1959, and 1961). Of the total, 106 were executed for murder (including 21 involving rape), 53 for rape, and 1 for desertion. The Navy carried out no executions during the period. See also Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1957, series H 432-444] 24 armed robbery, 20 kidnaping, 11 burglary, 8 espionage (6 in 1942 and 2 in 1953), and 6 aggravated assault. * Includes 2 females, both executed in 1953, 1 for kidnaping and 1 for espionage. Source: Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Prisons; National Prisoner Statistics, bulletin No. 41. No. 248. MOVEMENT OF PRISONERS UNDER SENTENCE OF DEATH, 1964 TO 1966 [Includes all prisoners executed or reported under sentence of death by civil authorities. The term "under sentence of death" begins when the court pronounces the first sentence of death for a capital offense] 1 Reversals of judgment, vacated sentences, grants for new trials, suicide, or death from natural causes. No. 249. PRISONERS EXECUTED UNDER CIVIL AUTHORITY-STATES: 1930 TO 1966 [Death penalty illegal in States not listed (Alaska, Hawaii, Maine, Mich., Minn., N. Dak., R.I., and Wis.) and as noted, with certain exceptions in N.Y., N. Dak., R.I., and Vt. under the provision of which no executions have taken place. Method of execution: E-electrocution, G-lethal gas, H-hanging, and S-shooting or hanging] Represents zero. X Not applicable. ! Includes 33 Federal executions not shown by State (1930-1939, 10; 1940-1949, 13; 1950-59, 9; and 1963, 1). * Death penalty illegal from Apr. 2, 1958, to Dec. 18, 1961. Death penalty abolished. Death penalty illegal 1930-1934. * Capital punishment abolished after a referendum in Nov. 1964. 6 Death penalty illegal 1930-1938. Source of tables 248 and 249: Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Prisons; National Prisoner Statistics, bulletin No. 41. FIG. XI. TERRITORIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES AND ACQUISITIONS OF OTHER PRINCIPAL AREAS [See table 250] Source: Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Section 6 Area, Geography, and Climate This section relates to area, climatologic, topographic, and hydrologic measurements of the United States. There are few official publications other than those showing area measurements (issued infrequently by the Bureau of the Census), which present area and geography statistics of national scope. However, many data are compiled for particular regions or for internal administrative purposes by such Federal agencies as the Geological Survey and the Environmental Science Services Administration, which includes the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the Weather Bureau. Area. Area measurements in the United States began with the country as a whole and developed, as mapping progressed, to measurements for the States. The annual report of the U.S. General Land Office for 1850 contained the first reference to the areas of the several States and Territories, although there was no indication of the method used in obtaining these measurements. Until 1881, the General Land Office was practically the sole source of information concerning the areas of the States and Territories. In 1881, as part of the 1880 Census of Population, the Bureau of the Census laid the foundation for accurate and detailed area measurement in the United States. For the first time an account was given of the method and maps employed, the water bodies included, and the outer limits of the United States used as a basis for measurement. As part of the 1940 Census, the Bureau published Areas of the United States: 1940, presenting the first basic measurement of the United States since the 1880 Census. The data presented in that study cover the total land and water areas of the States, counties, cities, and minor civil divisions. No comprehensive remeasurement was made for reports of the 1950 and 1960 Censuses, but adjustments in selected area figures were made for three principal reasons: (1) Changes in boundaries, (2) the development of water reservoirs, or (3) the improvement in maps from which area measurements are made. In 1964, the Bureau undertook measurement of the areas of cities, minor civil divisions, and census county divisions of the 1960 Census. The results are published in Area Measurement Reports, Series GE-20, the series consisting of one report for each State and a United States summary. These reports include the same kinds of data as the 1940 report plus statistics on the population (total and per square mile) for each area. Geography. The Geological Survey, cooperating in some instances with State and local agencies, is responsible for topographic and geologic maps and for basic data concerning the quantity, quality, and movement of surface and ground water. The Bureau of Land Management conducts cadastral surveys. The Coast and Geodetic Survey has responsibility for coastal and geodetic surveys and measurement of certain physical phenomena. Authorized in 1807, this agency's original function was to survey and chart the coast of the United States and the outlying islands and fishing banks. In 1871, Congress authorized an extension of the geodetic surveys from coast to coast to provide the States with reference markers for the control of their topographic and geologic mapping and their boundary surveys, and to provide data for use by the Geological Survey and other agencies. Since 1927, the Coast and Geodetic Survey has also been in charge of preparing aeronautical charts for the United States and its outlying areas. A civil mapping activity of the Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Lake Survey, was established in 1841. Its primary function is to furnish Great Lakes navigators with reliable charts and information on harbor facilities. It also maintains records of the fluctuating levels of the lakes, the flow through connecting rivers, and the precipitation over the lakes, and reports on all hydraulic problems relating to the Great Lakes. |