a Noncompetitive.

b Noneducational test.

In addition, 11 appointments were made to the Philippine service from registers of eligibles for the United States civil service.

II. APPOINTMENTS, SEPARATIONS, ETC.

DEPARTMENTAL SERVICE.

HISTORICAL SKETCH.

THE CLASSIFIED CIVIL SERVICE IN THE DEPARTMENTS, COMMISSIONS, AND OFFICES IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

The civil-service act was approved on January 16, 1883. One of its provisions required that after the expiration of six months from its passage no appointment or promotion should be made without examination, unless the person was specifically exempted in conformity with the act. The classification then existing embraced the State, Treasury, War, Justice, Post-Office, Navy, and Interior Departments. The Departments at first treated the classification as comprising only positions with salaries from $1,200 to $1,800, inclusive, but the following revisions were made soon after: Interior Department, September 22, 1883, including all employees at $1,000 and copyists at $900 and $720, and on December 6, 1884, all copyists and all clerks receiving $2,000 or more, except chiefs of division; War, November 19, 1884, all positions subordinate to the Secretary, except laborers, watchmen, and messengers; Navy, November 25, 1884, including clerks at $1,000 and copyists at $900 and $720; Treasury, January 2, 1885, including all employees whose salaries are fixed by law from $900 to $1,800 or more; Post-Office, February 6, 1885, including all employees receiving $720 or more, except messengers, assistant messengers, watchmen, and laborers; Justice, November 12, 1883, employees down to and including copyists, also telegraph operator and engineer. The total number of positions in the Departments at Washington thus far classified was 5,652, of which 135 were excepted from examination. The Department of Agriculture was not at first included under the operation of the civil-service rules, but its classification was accepted and approved by the President on December 12, 1884. On March 1, 1888, the Civil Service Commission was classified. The Department of Labor became an independent office by act of Congress approved July 11, 1888. Having previously existed as a bureau of the Interior Department, its force was already classified.

In accordance with the President's direction of June 29, 1888, the classification of all the Departments was made uniform, so as to include within the operation of the rules all employees except those confirmed by the Senate and those employed as messengers, laborers, workmen, and watchmen. On May 5, 1892, the Fish Commission was classified. On November 2, 1894, the President directed the heads of the Departments to amend their several classifications to include messengers, assistant messengers, and watchmen. Firemen were classified by an Executive order dated July 15, 1895.

THE ENTIRE DEPARTMENTAL SERVICE.

It was not until June 29, 1888, that the Departmental Service was extended to include any positions outside of Washington, D. C. On that date the clerical employees at the general depots of the Quartermaster's Department were classified. Employees of the Weather Bureau were classified on January 5, 1893, to the number of 314. Other employees, numbering 787, in the Bureau of Animal Industry and the Weather Bureau were classified on May 24, 1895. On July 5, 1895, 505 pension agency employees became classified.

On May 6, 1896, the President made and promulgated 12 general rules for the entire classified executive civil service and revoked all others. From that date

each branch of the service has operated under general rules applicable to all instead of under distinct rules of its own. By this revision the following branches of the classified service were recognized: The Departmental Service, the CustomHouse Service, the Post-Office Service, the Government Printing Service, and the Internal-Revenue Service.

The Departmental Service was declared to include all officers and employees except those in the other four branches, and included most of the extensions due to this revision. In the several Executive Departments, commissions, and offices in the District of Columbia, all officers and employees were classified except those employed merely as laborers or workmen and those subject to confirmation by the Senate. The classification was equally comprehensive in the greater part of the Departmental Service outside of Washington. For more detailed information as to the extent of the classified service under this revision see Civil Service Rule III. The Railway Mail and Indian services, which had existed as separate branches of the classified service, were included in the Departmental branch, but separate sketches will be found preceding the statistics relative to these services.

By amendment of the civil-service rules on November 27, 1901, 342 persons in the rural-free delivery service of the Post-Office Department became classified, This amendment also included about 6,000 carriers in this service in the classified Post-Office Service on February 1, 1902, when the rule became operative.

Various appropriation acts provided for the appointment of additional temporary employees rendered necessary on account of increased work incident to the war with Spain without compliance with the provisions of the civil-service act. Section 3 of the legislative, executive, and judicial appropriation act approved April 28, 1902, transferred these employees to the classified service. The number thus classified was 850, of which 230 were in the Treasury Department, 587 in the War Department, and 33 in the Post-Office Department.

In the Census Office 837 employees were classified on July 1, 1902, under act of Congress approved March 6, 1902.

Unclassified positions are those which have never been classified under the provisions of the civil-service act for the purpose of bringing them under the examination system therein provided.

The classified service embraces those positions which are subject to the civilservice acts and rules, and includes the following classes of positions:

1. Nonexcepted (i. e., competitive) positions, or those to which original entrance is by open competitive examination.

2. Excepted positions, or those which have at some time been classified but excepted from competitive examination. (See Rule VI.)

3. Positions excluded in part, or those which are not subject to any of the provisions of the rules, except sections 1, 2, and 3 of Rule II. (See Rule III, paragraph 8.)

Entrance to nonexcepted (i. e., competitive) positions may be in any of the following ways other than by competitive examination:

1. By reinstatement of former employees. (See Rule IX.)

2. By transfer from another position. (See Rule X.)

3. By temporary appointment if a position must be filled before the Commission can present the name of a person who has passed an appropriate examination. Such appointment gives the appointee no status and can not become permanent unless by an order of the President. (See Rule VIII, sections 13 and 15.)

Employees in an office at the time their positions were classified are said to have entered the classified service through classification and are entitled to all the rights and benefits possessed by persons of the same class or grade appointed on examination, except that they can not be transferred without examination. (See Rule II, section 7.)

TABLE 8.-Names of persons nominated by the heads of the Executive Departments, approved by the President, showing designations and salaries of positions and dates of approval, and appointed upon certificates of qualification issued by the Commission without examination, under the provisions of Rule IV, paragraph 3 (c), during the year ended June 30, 1902.

a Charles J. Pusey: The Secretary to the President stated that Mr. Pusey possessed such peculiar qualifications for the work upon which he is to be engaged that the best interests of the public service require that examination be waived.

bS. S. Voorhees: The Secretary of the Treasury stated that the position to which it was proposed to appoint Mr. Voorhees combined the duties of physicist and chemist in a manner required only in the service of large manufacturing corporations or railroads; that such men are difficult to secure, being always under employment, and are unwilling to enter a competition, and that Mr. Voorhees possessed the requisite knowledge, ability, and experience to justify his appointment.

E. E. Calhoun: The Public Printer stated that Mr. Calhoun's qualifications had been ascertained through his temporary service in the office, and that his age, physical condition, moral character, and technical knowledge especially qualified him for the place.

d Franklin H. King: The Secretary of the Department of Agriculture stated that the study of certain soils of various areas was to be taken up with a view to deciding upon the feasibility of introducing new crops and new methods, and that the professional knowledge and skill required are so rare that he could name only two persons capable of carrying out the work, one of whom was Professor King. He is the author of several standard text-books on soil physics, geology, and irrigation and drainage, and has had several years' experience as professor of soil physics of the University of Wisconsin.

eJ. L. Garner: The Secretary of the Treasury stated that the translator is expected not only to make translations, but to do independent work in compiling reports and reviews.

f William M. Rice: The Secretary of the Treasury certified that by reason of his long experience and exceptional ability as an investigator, Mr. Rice was peculiarly qualified to perform the duties required by the position for which he was nominated.

9 Charles Mascord: Case similar to that explained in note a above.

TABLE 9. Showing the apportionment of appointments in the departmental serv ice at Washington, D. C., from July 16, 1883, to July 1, 1902, under the census of 1900, on the basis of 1 appointment for every 10,000 of population.