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Helen E. Teir, Chief, Statistical Compendia Staff, Data User Services Division, was responsible for general supervision and compilation. She was assisted in research and analytical phases of assigned sections and in the developmental aspects of new tables by Glenn W. King, Elisabeth A. Busse, Lars B. Johanson, and Edward C. Jagers, who was also responsible for content and preparation of graphic charts. Minerva K. Moreland was responsible for technical editorial supervision, assisted by Ellen M. Ewell and Mary A. Rahall for editing and clerical operations.

The cooperation of the many contributors to this volume is gratefully acknowledged. The source note below each table credits the various government and private agencies which have collaborated in furnishing information for the Statistical Abstract.

In a few instances, contributors have requested that their data be designated as subject to copyright restrictions, as indicated in the source notes to the tables affected. Permission to use copyright material should be obtained directly from the copyright owner.

September 1977

Library of Congress Card No. 4-18089

SUGGESTED CITATION

U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States:

1977. (98th edition.) Washington, D.C., 1977.

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, Tel. (202) 783-3238 or any U.S. Department of Commerce district office.

Stock Number: 003-024-01478-5 (cloth); 003-024-01477-7 (paper).

PREFACE

The Statistical Abstract of the United States, published annually since 1878, is the standard summary of statistics on the social, political, and economic organization of the United States. It is designed to serve as a convenient volume for statistical reference and as a guide to other statistical publications and sources. The latter function is served by the introductory text to each section, the source notes appearing below each table, and Appendix IV, which comprises Guide to Sources of Statistics and Guide to State Statistical Abstracts.

This volume includes a selection of data from many statistical publications, both governmental and private. Publications cited as sources usually contain additional statistical detail and more comprehensive discussions of definitions and concepts than can be presented here. Data not available in publications issued by the contributing agency but obtained from unpublished records are identified in the source notes as "unpublished data." More information on the subjects covered in tables so noted may generally be obtained from the source.

Except as otherwise indicated, figures are for the United States as presently constituted. Although emphasis in the Statistical Abstract is given primarily to national data, many tables present data for regions and individual States and a smaller number for metropolitan areas and cities. Appendix II, Metropolitan Area Concepts and Components, presents explanatory text and a complete current listing of official standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's), standard consolidated statistical areas (SCSA's), and New England county metropolitan areas (NECMA's). Statistics for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and for outlying areas of the United States are included in many State tables and are supplemented by information in section 32. Additional information for cities, counties, metropolitan areas, congressional districts, and other small units, as well as more historical data, are available in various supplements to the Abstract (see inside back cover).

The "Recent Trends" section, beginning on p. xiii, is available separately in a reprint, Recent Social and Economic Trends; and USA Statistics in Brief, 1977, the pocket-size loose insert in front of the book, is also available separately. Price information can be obtained from, and orders sent to, the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402, or any U.S. Department of Commerce district office located in certain large cities. A 25-percent discount will be allowed on orders of 100 copies or more sent to the same address.

Changes in the 1977 edition.-An expanded feature this year is Appendix III, Statistical Methodology and Reliability. This appendix attempts, in relatively nontechnical language, to provide the user of statistics in this book with an appreciation of some hazards to be kept in mind when using the data and, in specific cases, with a better understanding of how the data were collected, a measure of their validity, and references to further information.

Former section 2 is now subdivided into two sections: section 2, Vital Statistics, and section 4, Health and Nutrition, reflecting the increasing amount of statistical information available in these areas. Section numbers have been revised accordingly, to a total of 33 sections.

Statistics in this edition, the 98th, are for the most recent year or period available by mid-September 1977. Each year the more than 1,500 tables and charts are reviewed and evaluated; new tables and charts of current interest are added, continuing series are updated, and less timely data are condensed or eliminated. Text notes and appendixes are revised as appropriate.

In all, there are 131 new tables distributed among 31 of the 33 sections. In addition, graphic charts have been revised or updated and many sections have undergone tabular rearrangement and format changes designed to improve the organization of subject matter. Of the tables included in the 1976 edition, 64 were omitted from this issue. The omissions represent primarily tables for which comparable details appear in other tables or for which no recent data are available, or tables for which the subject matter shown was considered relatively less important in the light of the space required for presentation.

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