with the parallel boundary at the south-west corner of the State of New York. Each was composed of a single block of granite about 10 feet long, the upper six feet being dressed in the form of a flat obelisk, 24 by 14 feet at the base, with appropriate inscriptions on each broad face. Sketch No. 9 is a view of the monument near the initial point. The first car load of monuments was delivered at Waverley on the New York, Lake Erie and Western railway, 25 October, 1881. The boundary across the Chemung and Susquehanna flats had previously been adjusted, most of it having been entirely re-run, and the monument points fixed. The first new monument set upon the boundary was a milestone marked "60%" to replace the remains of the third latitude stone on the left bank of the Chemung river. The work was undertaken so late in the season that comparatively little progress was made. Operations in 1881 were confined to the portion of the boundary between milestones 46 and 66. Forty-three monuments M were set before operations were suspended. The work was not resumed in 1882 until 5 July, as the party was occupied upon the New Jersey and New York boundary in April, May, and June. One hundred and eighty-one monuments were set in that year. These were upon the eastern portion of the boundary from the initial point to milestone 120 with the exception of the section between the Susquehanna river near milestone 12 and milestone 38, most of which was left vacant. In 1883, owing to the late date at which Legislative appropriations were available, the resumption of operations was delayed until 30 July. In that year 97 monuments were set. The vacant portions. between milestones 12 and 38 were filled, and the work of adjusting the boundary and setting monuments was carried on westward from milestone 120 to milestone 139. April 9, 1884, found the party in the field, and by 18 September all the monuments upon the parallel boundary had been set; these included monuments at each of the astronomical stations, the large monument at the initial point, and a few in scattered vacancies east of milestone 139. The work included a very careful re-survey of the apparently unmarked portion between milestones 139 and 155, during the progress of which 4 of the original monuments, not discovered upon the reconnaissance, were found. These were 145, 152, and 154, in place; and 143 lying upon the surface of the ground, within two feet of the point fixed for the new monument before the old one was found. This is the most irregular portion of the boundary, and the discovery of these milestones simplified the problem of adjustment very materially. The unmarked section of seventeen miles, west of milestone 208, was also very carefully re-surveyed before any monuments were set. Although none of the original monuments were found, the re-survey by connecting a few points fixed by the Holland Land Company in its surveys, which could be identified, afforded a very convenient basis for a satisfactory adjustment of the section. Upon the completion of the parallel boundary, 14 monuments were set upon the meridian boundary, including the large terminal monument near the "corner," before operations were suspended, near the end of September. This suspension with but 15 miles of boundary unfinished, was unfortunately rendered necessary by the exhaustion, July 1, of the funds appropriated by the Pennsylvania Legislature. The New York appropriation alone was only sufficient to complete the parallel boundary. The method of setting the various monuments is given in Appendix B. The rude monuments with which the original commissioners in 1786 and 1787 marked the boundary, were as varied in their size, character, and appearance, as the boundary itself is in alignment and topography. Of the original 224 milestones, 71 per cent. were found during reconnaissance, nearly one fourth of them out of place, and many of them in fragments or in various stages of dilapidation. It is to be presumed that upon the western half of the line where so many vacant intervals were found, that at some points were set "posts surrounded by mounds of earth where stones could not be procured." Generally the appearance of the old monument indicates that some pains were taken in its selection. A suitable water-worn stone, from some neighboring stream, or a small slab split out of some convenient flagstone ledge, was obtained and rudely marked with "NY" and the number of miles on one side and "P" on the other. Others were of an inferior and shaby texture. In some cases this may be the result of the action of fire in the woods. A few were quite regular in shape, many very irregular, and in some instances, a singularity of outline seems to have been the guide in the selection. milestones found were small and very easily handled. was a block of sand rock, 5 inches thick, from 7 to 17 inches in width, and less than 2 feet in length, the letters well cut and aside from its length was a very substantial monument. Milestone 208, the most westerly monument found, was a large, rough, irregular solid slab, 3 or 4 inches thick, 32 inches long, and 16 inches in width, the lower half tapering to a point at the bottom, rudely inscribed. Milestone 90, where the original commissioners suspended their labor for the season, in 1786, is a squarely trimmed slab of flagstone firmly set in the ground; 2 inches thick, 19 in width, and projecting 2 feet above the surface. No two of them are alike in size or appearance; many were smaller and thinner than milestone 1; and the wonder is why more of them have not been lost. Most of the smaller stones were appar Most of the |