Population.

In 1790, 237,946

Population at Different Periods.

1800, 251,002 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 13,056

1810, 261,942

1820, 275,248

1830, 297,711

Slaves.

2,764

The principal rivers are the Connecticut, Housatonic, Thames, Farmington, and Naugatuck. The principal harbors are those of New London and New Haven.

Farmington Canal extends from New Haven to the northern border of the state, 57 miles, where it unites with the Hampshire and Hampden Canal, which leads to Westfield, and it is now continued to Northampton-whole length, 87 miles.

Hartford, New Haven, Middletown, New London, and Norwich are incorporated cities; Bridgeport, Danbury, Guilford, Killingworth, Newtown, Stamford, Stonington, and Waterbury, boroughs.

The face of the country is greatly diversified by mountains, hills and valleys. There are but few level tracts, nor any considerable mountains. The greatest elevation is a range of small mountains on the west side of Connecticut river, being a continuation of the Green Mountains. The hills are generally of moderate size, and occur in quick succession, presenting to the traveller an evervarying prospect.

The soil is generally rich and fertile, though intermixed with portions that are comparatively thin and barren; and the whole is well watered. It is generally in a state of good cultivation, resembling, in many parts, a well cultivated garden. The principal productions are Indian corn, rye, wheat in many parts, oats, barley, buckwheat, flax in large quantities, some hemp, potatoes, pumpkins, turnips, peas, beans, &c. Orchards are very numerous, and cider made for exportation. The state is, however, generally better adapted to grazing than to tillage; and its fine meadows and pastures enable the farmers to feed great numbers of neat cattle, horses, and sheep. The quantity of butter and cheese made annually is great, and of well-known excellence. Beef and pork of superior quality, are also abundant. The state is generally laid out in small farms, from 50 to 300 and 400 acres. It is intersected by numerous roads, which are generally kept in a good state of repair; and is the third state in the Union in point of dense population, containing 62 to a square mile. Though exposed to the extremes of heat and cold, and to sudden changes of temperature, the country is very healthful. The north-west winds, which prevail during the winter, are keen, but the serenity of the sky during the same season, makes amends, in some degree, for the severity of the weather. In the maritime towns, the weather is particularly variable, changing as the wind blows from sea or land; in the inland country it is less so.

The foreign trade of this state is principally with the West Indies: but its coasting trade is the most considerable. Its exports consist of beef, pork, cattie, horses, mules, butter, cheese, maize, rye, flax-seed, fish, candles, and soap. The whole amount, in 1829, was 458,000 dollars. Almost all the produce of the western part of the state is carried to New York.

Mines of different kinds have been found in this state, but in general they have not been wrought to any considerable extent. There is a lead mine on the Connecticut, two miles from Middletown, which was wrought during the revolutionary war. Copper mines have been discovered and opened in several places, but having proved unprofitable, have been neglected. Iron mines abound in many parts, and are productive. A quarry of valuable stone is found in Chatham, and one of marble in Milford. At Stafford is a mineral spring, the most celebrated in New England.

Connecticut has considerable manufactures of various descriptions, con sisting of wool, cotton, paper, iron in different forms, glass, snuff, powder, buttons, hats, clocks, &c. Tin-ware is extensively manufactured, and sent to all parts of the United States.

In 1832 there were in the state 94 cotton manufactories, with a capital of $2,825,000, making annually 2,055,500 yards of cloth. There are, likewise, more than 40 woollen manufactories in this state. The total value of all kinds of manufactures in 1830 was $1,442,878.

There are in Connecticut 14 banks, including a bank for public deposites at Hartford. The amount of bank stock in 1830 was $3,064,780.

The colleges in Connecticut are Yale College, at New Haven, which Education. has connected with it medical, theological, and law schools; Wash ington College, at Hartford; and Wesleyan College or University, recently founded at Middletown. At Hartford is the American Asylum for the Educa tion of the Deaf and Dumb; and there are other respectable literary seminaries and academies at New Haven, Hartford, and various other places.

This state possesses an important School Fund, which was derived from the sale of lands, reserved by Connecticut, in the state of Ohio, and which amounted on the first of April, 1829, to $1,882,261 68. The income of this fund is appropriated to the support of primary schools. In the year ending March 31 1829, the sum of $72,161 15 was divided among the different free schools throughout the state. The number of children between the ages of 4 and 16 in 1828, was 84,899; and the dividends amounted to 85 cents to each child. The number of periodical presses in 1831 was 30.

Religious de- The Congregationalists have 236 ministers and 36 licentiates; the nominations. Baptists, 99 churches, 78 ministers, 14 licentiates, and 9,732 com municants; the Episcopalians, 59 ministers; the Methodists, 40 ministers, and 7,000 communicants; there are also several societies of Friends, several of Universalists, two of Unitarians, one of Catholics, one of Shakers and som Free-will Baptists, and a few Sandemanians.

The territory of Connecticut originally comprised two colonies; th History. colony of Connecticut, and the colony of New Haven.

The settlement of Hartford, in the colony of Connecticut, was commence by emigrants from Massachusetts, in 1635; and that of New Haven, in 1638 by emigrants from England.

In 1662, a charter was granted by Charles II., with ample privileges, uniting the colonies of Connecticut and New Haven under one government; but th colony of New Haven refused, for some time, to accept the charter, and th union did not take place till 1665.

The charter was suspended, in 1687, by Sir Edmund Andros; but it wa restored again after the revolution of 1688 in England; and it formed th basis of the government till 1818.

Constitution

The charter granted in 1662 by Charles II., formed the basis of th and govern-government of Connecticut till 1818, when the present constitutio ment. was framed. The legislative power is vested in a senate and hous of representatives, which together are styled the General Assembly.

The members of the house of representatives are chosen by the differen towns in the state: the more ancient towns, the majority of the whole num ber, send each two representatives; the rest only one each. The presen number is 208.

The senate must consist of not less than 18, nor more than 24 members who are chosen by districts. The present number is 21.

The executive power is vested in a governor. A lieutenant-governor is als chosen, who is president of the senate, and on whom the duties of the governo devolve in case of his death, resignation, or absence.

The representatives, senators, governor, and lieutenant-governor are all elected annually by the people on the first Monday in April.

The general assembly has one stated session every year, on the first Wednesday in May, alternately at Hartford (1831) and at New Haven (1832). "Every white male citizen of the United States, who shall have gained a settlement in this state, attained the age of 21 years, and resided in the town in which he may offer himself to be admitted to the privilege of an elector, at least six months preceding, and have a freehold estate of the yearly value of seven dollars, in this state; or having been enrolled in the militia, shall have performed military duty therein for the term of one year next preceding the time he shall offer himself for admission, or being liable thereto, shall have been, by authority of law, excused therefrom; or shall have paid a state tax within the year next preceding the time he shall present himself for such admission, and shall sustain a good moral character, shall, on his taking such an cath as may be prescribed by law, be an elector."

The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court of Errors, a Superior Court, and such inferior courts as the general assembly may, from time to time, establish. The judges are appointed by the general assembly; and those of the Supreme and Superior Courts hold their offices during good behavior; but not beyond the age of 70 years.

No person is compelled to join, or support, or to be classed with, or associ ated to any congregation, church, or religious association. But every person may be compelled to pay his proportion of the expenses of the society to which he may belong: he may, however, separate himself from the society by leaving a written notice of his wish with the clerk of such society.

The governor's annual salary is 1100 dollars.

This state sends six representatives to congress.

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON CONNECTICUT

1. How is Connecticut bounded?

2. What was the population in 1830?
3. How many counties does it contain?

4. Which is the most populous city?

5. What is said of the Farmington Canal?

6. What is said of the face of the country?-Soil and productions? 7. How does Connecticut rank in point of a dense population?

8. What are its principal exports?-What was the amount in 1829?

9. Mention the principal articles manufactured.

10. How many cotton manufactories were there in 1832?

11. What was the amount of capital employed in them?

12. How many yards of cloth do they make annually?

13. How many banks are there in Connecticut?

14. Mention the principal literary institutions.

15. What was the amount of the school fund in 1829?

16. From what was the school fund derived?

17. Which denomination of Christians is the most numerous?

18. What can you say of the history of the state?

19. What formed the basis of the government of Connecticut till 1818?

20. When is the annual election for governor, senators, and representatives?

21. When and how often does the general assembly meet?

22. What is a necessary qualification for an elector?

23. What is the governor's salary?

24. How many representatives does Connecticut send to congress?

NEW YORK is the most northern of the middle states, and the most populo state in the Union. It is bounded N. by lake Ontario, the St. Lawrence a Lower Canada; E. by Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut; S. by t Atlantic, New Jersey and Pennsylvania; W. by Pennsylvania, Lake Erie, a the Niagara. Between 30° 45′ and 45° N. latitude; and 2° 51' W. and E. longitude from Washington. Length, 316 miles. Breadth, 304. Co taining 47,000 square miles. Population to a square mile, 40.