should receive the same compensation as the governor; and that the salaries of the officers of the executive department should remain the same as heretofore. The governor's annual salary is $3,333.

This state sends 21 representatives to congress.

NORTH CAROLINA is bounded N. by Virginia; E. by the Atlantic; S. t South Carolina and Georgia, and W. by Tennessee. It extends from lat. 3: 50' to 36° 30′ N. and from long. 6° 20′ W. to 1° 33' E. and contains 48,00 square miles.

TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS.-Continued.

In 1790, 393,951

100,571

1800, 478,103 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 84,152

133,296

1810, 555,500

1800 1810, 77,397

168,824

Along the whole coast of North Carolina is a ridge of sand, separated from the main land, in some places by narrow sounds, in others by broad bays. The passages or inlets through it are shallow and dangerous, and Ocracoke inlet is the only one north of Cape Fear, through which vessels pass. In the counties on the sea-coast, the land is low, and covered with extensive swamps and marshes, and for 60 or 80 miles from the shore is a dead level. Beyond this, the country swells into hills, and in the most western part rises into mountains. Coal has lately been found in Chatham county, and lead ore a few miles north of Raleigh. The principal rivers are the Chowan, Roanoke, Pamlico Neuse, Cape Fear, Yadkin, Catawba, and Broad. Most of the produce of North Carolina is exported from the neighboring states. Not a single point has yet been found on the coast, within the limits of the state, at which a safe and commodious port could be established. Hitherto the productions of the northern parts of the state, lying on the Roanoke and its branches, and also on the upper parts of the Tar and Neuse, have been sent to the markets of Virginia and the trade of Broad river, the Catawba, and the Yadkin, has gone to South Carolina. The principal exports are pitch, tar, turpentine, lumber, rice, cotton. tobacco, wheat and Indian corn. The value of the exports from the ports of North Carolina in 1829 was only $564,000.

In the level parts the soil generally is but indifferent. On the banks of some of the rivers, however, and particularly the Roanoke, it is remarkably fertile and in other parts, glades of rich swamp, and ridges of oak-land, of a black and fruitful soil, form an exception to its general sterility. The sea-coast, the sounds, inlets, and lower parts of rivers, have invariably a soft muddy bottom. That part of the state which lies west of the mountains, is, for the most part remarkably fertile, and abounds with oak trees of various kinds, walnut, elm line, and cherry trees; the last of which grows there to such a size that many of them are three feet in diameter. The soil and productions, in the hilly country, are nearly the same as in the northern states. Wheat, rye, barley oats, and flax, are the crops most generally cultivated, and seem to suit wel the nature of the soil. Throughout the whole state, Indian corn and pulse of all kinds are abundant. Cotton is raised in considerable quantities.

Of the plains in the low country, the large natural growth is almost univer sally pitch pine, a tall and beautiful tree, which grows here to a size far supe rior to the pitch pine of the northern states. This valuable tree affords pitch tar, turpentine, and various kinds of lumber, which, together, constitute abou one-half of the exports of North Carolina. It is of two kinds, the common and the long-leaved. The latter differs from other pines, not in shape, but in the length of its leaves, which are nearly half a yard long, and hang in large clus ters. The trees in the low countries both of North and South Carolina, ar loaded with quantities of a long, spongy moss, which, hanging in clusters from the limbs, give to the forests a singular appearance. The misletoe frequently engrafts itself upon the trees in the back country. In this part plums, grapes blackberries and strawberries grow spontaneously; also several valuabl medicinal plants, as ginseng, Virginia snake-root, Seneca snake-root, and som others. The rich bottoms are overgrown with canes, the leaves of which con tinue green through the winter, and afford good pasture for cattle.

North Carolina is far removed from that perfection of culture which is neces sary to give it the full advantage of the natural richness of its soil and the valu of its productions. One great cause of its backwardness in agricultural im provement, is the want of inland navigation and of good harbors.

Gold mines.

The gold mines of North Carolina, which have lately excited muc interest, are found on the Yadkin and its branches, in the neighbo hood of Wadesborough and Salisbury, and extend over a considerable distric in almost any part of which gold may be found in greater or less abundanc

mixed with the soil. It exists in grains or masses, from almost imperceptible particles to lumps of two pounds' weight.

The first account of gold from North Carolina, on the records of the mint of the United States, occurs in 1814, in which year it was received to the amount of $11,000. It continued to be received during the succeeding years, until 1824 inclusive, in different quantities, but less than that of 1814, and on an average not exceeding $2,500 a year. In 1825, the amount received was $17,000; in 1826, $20,000; in 1827, about $21,000; in 1828, nearly $46,000; in 1829, $128,000; and in 1830, $204,000.

These mines are very extensive; and a succession of gold mines has been discovered in the country lying to the east of the Blue Ridge, extending from the vicinity of the river Potomac into the state of Alabama. These mines are now wrought, to a greater or less extent, in the states of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.

The State Bank of North Carolina, at Raleigh, with six branches; Banks in Cape Fear Bank, at Wilmington, with branches at Fayetteville, Sa

1830.

Education

lem, Charlotte, and Hillsborough; Newbern Bank, at Newbern, with branches at Raleigh, Halifax, and Milton. The amount of bank capital is $3,200,000. The deposites of government are made in the State Bank, at Raleigh. The principal literary institution in this state is the University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill. Academies are established at various places. The state has a literary fund, arising from bank dividends, &c. amounting to upwards of $70,000. It is provided, that when this fund shall have accumulated to a sufficient amount, the income of it shall be divided among the several counties, in proportion to the free population, for the support common schools.

of

There are 12 periodical presses in this state.

tions.

The Baptists in this state have 14 associations, 272 churches, 139 Religious ministers, and 15,530 communicants; the Presbyterians have 126 denomina churches, 57 ministers, 9 licentiates, and 5,907 communicants; the Methodists, 32 preachers, and 12,641 members; the Lutherans, 45 congregaions, 16 ministers, and 1,888 communicants; the Episcopalians, 11 ministers; he United Brethren, 4 congregations, and 1,727 members; the Friends have a umber of societies.

The first permanent settlements were formed about the middle of History.

he seventeenth century. North Carolina was long united under the ame government with South Carolina: it was for many years called the County of Albemarle, or the County of Albemarle in Carolina, and about the eginning of the 18th century, the Colony of North Carolina. As early as 715, it had a separate legislative assembly, at which Charles Eden was govmor; and in the year 1727, it was formed into an entirely distinct province. The constitution of North Carolina was agreed to and resolved Constitution pon, by representatives chosen for that purpose, at Halifax, Decem- and govern er 18, 1776.

ment.

The legislative authority is vested in a body, styled The General Assembly, onsisting of a senate and a house of commons, both elected annually by the eople. One senator and two members of the house of commons are sent from ach of the 62 counties; and one of the latter also from each of the towns of denton, Newbern, Wilmington, Salisbury, Hillsborough, and Halifax.

The chief executive officer is the governor, who is chosen annually by a oint vote of the two houses; and he is eligible for 3 years only in 6. He is ssisted by an executive council of seven members, chosen annually by a joint ote of the two houses. In case of the death of the governor, his duties devolve pon the speaker of the senate.

The judges of the supreme and superior courts are appointed by a joint vote of the two houses, and hold their offices during good behavior..

The constitution grants the right of voting for members of the house of com mons to all freemen of the age of 21 years, who have been inhabitants of an one county within the state twelve months immediately preceding the day of an election, and have paid public taxes; but in order to be entitled to vote fo senators, they must be possessed of a freehold of 50 acres of land. The governor's annual salary is $2,000. This state sends 13 represent: tives to congress.

LENGTH, 188 miles; breadth, 160: containing 30,000 square miles. E tween 32° 2' and 35° 10' N. long. and between 1° 45' and 6° 15′ W. lor Bounded N. and N. E. by North Carolina; S. E. by the Atlantic; and S. V by Georgia, from which it is separated by the Savannah.

TABLE OF THE DISTRICTS AND SEATS OF JUSTICE.