thereof to the collector on or before March 15 on Form 1042, showing the amount of tax required to be withheld from each nonresident alien, nonresident partnership composed in whole or in part of nonresident aliens, or nonresident foreign corporation to which income other than bond interest was paid during the previous taxable year. Form 1042 should be filed with the collector for the district in which the withholding agent is located.

In every case the tax withheld must be paid to the collector on or before June 15 of the following year. For penalties and additions to the tax attaching upon failure to make such returns or such payment, see sections 145 and 291.

If a debtor corporation has designated a person to act for it as withholding agent, and such person has not withheld any tax from the income nor received any funds from the debtor corporation to pay the tax which the debtor corporation assumed in connection with its tax-free covenant bonds, such person cannot be held liable for the tax assumed by the debtor corporation merely by reason of such person's appointment as withholding agent. If a duly authorized withholding agent has become insolvent or for any other reason fails to make payment to the collector of internal revenue of money deposited with it by the debtor corporation to pay taxes, or money withheld from bondholders, the debtor corporation is not discharged of its liability under section 143 (a) (1), since the withholding agent is merely the agent of the debtor corporation.

In any case where income is payable in any medium other than money, the withholding agent shall not release the property so received until it has been placed in funds sufficient to enable it to pay over in money the tax required to be withheld with respect to such income.

ART. 143–8. Ownership certificates in the case of fiduciaries and joint owners.—If fiduciaries have the control and custody of more than one estate or trust, and such estates and trusts have as assets bonds of corporations and other securities, a certificate of ownership shall be executed for each estate or trust, regardless of the fact that the bonds are of the same issue. The ownership certificate should show the name of the estate or trust, in addition to the name and address of the fiduciary. If bonds are owned jointly by two or more persons, a separate ownership certificate must be executed in behalf of each of the owners.

ART. 143-9. Return of income from which tax was withheld.-The entire amount of the income from which the tax was withheld shall be included in gross income in the return required to be made by the recipient of the income without deduction for such payment of the

tax but any tax so withheld shall be credited against the total income tax as computed in the taxpayer's return. (See, however, article 142-5.) If the tax is paid by the recipient of the income or by the withholding agent it shall not be re-collected from the other, regardless of the original liability therefor, and in such event no penalty will be asserted against either person for failure to return or pay the tax where no fraud or purpose to evade payment is involved. Tax withheld at the source upon fixed or determinable annual or periodical income paid to nonresident alien fiduciaries is deemed to have been paid by the persons ultimately liable for the tax upon such income. Accordingly, if a person is subject to the taxes imposed by section 11, 12, or 13 upon any portion of the income of a nonresident alien estate or trust, the part of any tax withheld at the source which is properly allocable to the income so taxed to such person shall be credited against the amount of the income tax computed upon his return, and any excess shall be credited against any income, war-profits, or excess-profits tax, or installment thereof, then due from such person, and any balance shall be refunded.

SEC. 144. PAYMENT OF CORPORATION INCOME TAX AT SOURCE.

(a) General rule.—In the case of foreign corporations subject to taxation under this title not engaged in trade or business within the United States and not having any office or place of business therein, there shall be deducted and withheld at the source in the same manner and upon the same items of income as is provided in section 143 a tax equal to 15 per centum thereof, except that in the case of dividends the rate shall be 10 per centum, and except that in the case of corporations organized under the laws of a contiguous country such rate of 10 per centum with respect to dividends shall be reduced to such rate (not less than 5 per centum) as may be provided by treaty with such country; and such tax shall be returned and paid in the same manner and subject to the same conditions as provided in that section: Provided, That in the case of interest described in subsection (a) of that section (relating to tax-free covenant bonds) the deduction and withholding shall be at the rate specified in such subsection. (b) Withholding before enactment of Act.-Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a), the deduction and withholding for any period prior to the tenth day after the date of the enactment of this Act shall be upon the items of income and at the rates prescribed in section 144 of the Revenue Act of 1934, as amended, in lieu of the items and rates prescribed in such subsection.

ART. 144-1. Withholding in the case of nonresident foreign corporations.-A tax of 15 percent is required to be withheld in the case of fixed or determinable annual or periodical income paid to a nonresident foreign corporation except (1) income from sources without the United States, including interest on deposits with persons car

rying on the banking business paid to such corporation, (2) interest upon bonds or other obligations of a corporation containing a taxfree covenant and issued before January 1, 1934, where the liability assumed by the obligor exceeds 2 percent of the interest, and (3) dividends.

Withholding of a tax at the rate of 2 percent is required in the case of interest paid to a nonresident foreign corporation, upon bonds or other obligations of a corporation issued prior to January 1, 1934, and containing a tax-free covenant, if the liability assumed by the obligor exceeds 2 percent of the interest and the interest is treated as income from sources within the United States.

A tax of 10 percent is required to be withheld from dividends (other than dividends distributed by a corporation organized under the China Trade Act, 1922, to a resident of China) from sources within the United States paid to a nonresident foreign corporation, except that such rate of 10 percent shall be reduced, in the case of corporations organized under the laws of a contiguous country, to such rate (not less than 5 percent) as may be provided by treaty with such country. Dividends paid by a foreign corporation are not, however, subject to withholding unless such corporation is engaged in trade or business within the United States or has an office or place of business therein and more than 85 percent of the gross income of such foreign corporation for the 3-year period ending with the close of its taxable year preceding the declaration of such dividends (or for such part of such period as the corporation has been in existence) was derived from sources within the United States as determined under the provisions of section 119. (See also section 143.)

For withholding in the case of dividends distributed by a corporation organized under the China Trade Act, 1922, see articles 143-3 and 262-4.

ART. 144-2. Aids to withholding agents in determining liability for withholding of tax.-Since no withholding of tax on bond interest, dividends, or other income is required in the case of a resident foreign corporation (see article 143-3), the person paying such income should be notified by a letter from such corporation that it is not subject to the withholding provisions of the Act. The letter from the corporation shall contain the address of its office or place of business in the United States and be signed by an officer of the corporation giving his official title. Such letter of notification, or copy thereof, should be immediately forwarded by the recipient to the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Sorting Section, Washington, D. C. The same procedure should be followed in the case of

resident partnerships, composed in whole or in part of nonresident aliens, not subject to the withholding provisions of the Act except in the case of interest on tax-free covenant bonds. The letter should be signed by a member of the firm.

When a payor corporation, or any other person (including a nominee), having the control, receipt, custody, disposal, or payment of dividends has no definite knowledge of the status of a shareholder, the tax should be withheld if the shareholder's address is outside the United States. If the shareholder's address is within the United States, it may be assumed that such shareholder is a citizen or a resident thereof. Unless the name and style of the shareholder are such as to indicate clearly that he is a nonresident alien, an address in care of another person in the United States does not of itself warrant the treating of the shareholder as a nonresident alien. If a shareholder changes his address from a place without the United States to a place within the United States, the tax should be withheld unless proof is furnished showing that he is a citizen or a resident of the United States. A person's written statement that he is a citizen, or resident of the United States, may be relied upon by the payor of income as proof that such person is a citizen or resident of the United States.

The following table of withholding rates under the Revenue Act of 1936 has been prepared for the purpose of making a summary of such rates readily available to withholding agents:

1Salary or compensation for personal services rendered in the United States is not subject to withholding in the case of nonresident aliens, residents of Canada or Mexico, who enter and leave the United States at frequent intervals.

SEC. 145. PENALTIES.

(a) Any person required under this title to pay any tax, or required by law or regulations made under authority thereof to make a return, keep any records, or supply any information, for the purposes of the computation, assessment, or collection of any tax imposed by this title, who willfully fails to pay such tax, make such return, keep such records, or supply such information, at the time or times required by law or regulations, shall, in addition to other penalties provided by law, be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, be fined not more than $10,000, or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both, together with the costs of prosecution.

(b) Any person required under this title to collect, account for, and pay over any tax imposed by this title, who willfully fails to collect or truthfully account for and pay over such tax, and any person who willfully attempts in any manner to evade or defeat any tax imposed by this title or the payment thereof, shall, in addition to other penalties provided by law, be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, be fined not more than $10,000, or imprisoned for not more than five years, or both, together with the costs of prosecution.

(c) The term "person" as used in this section includes an officer or employee of a corporation or a member or employee of a partnership, who as such officer, employee, or member is under a duty to perform the act in respect of which the violation occurs.

ART. 145–1. Penalties.-The penalties provided for in section 145 can not be assessed but are enforceable only by suit or prosecution. For limitations on prosecutions, see the Act of July 5, 1884, as amended by section 1108 of the Revenue Act of 1932 (paragraph 45 of the Appendix to these regulations). The willful failure of a taxpayer to give information required in his return as to advice or assistance rendered in the preparation of the return, and the willful failure of the person preparing a return for another to execute the sworn statement required with reference thereto, make such persons subject to the penalties imposed by section 145 (a) of the Act. The privilege against incrimination in the fifth amendment of the Constitution is not a defense to a charge of failure to file a return, and does not authorize a refusal to state the amount of income, though the taxpayer's income was made through crime.

SEC. 146. CLOSING BY COMMISSIONER OF TAXABLE YEAR.

(a) Tax in jeopardy.—If the Commissioner finds that a taxpayer designs quickly to depart from the United States or to remove his property therefrom, or to conceal himself or his property therein, or to do any other act tending to prejudice or to render wholly or partly ineffectual proceedings to collect the tax for the taxable year then last past or the taxable year then current unless such proceedings be brought without delay, the Commissioner shall declare the taxable period of such taxpayer immediately terminated and shall cause