Institution's capacity for good among the destitute members of the community.

"It was not contended, nor is there anything to show, that there was any actual profit realized in this department after taking into consideration the value of the ground and improvements, and the costs of the maintenance. The apparent profit is applied to the general objects of charity, and no portion of it inures to the benefit of any person concerned in administering the charity.

"The Pennsylvania Hospital is a purely public charity in the highest and best sense of the term, and under all our authorities we think it is exempt from the species of taxation attempted to be imposed in this case. Judgment affirmed."

The Supreme Court very clearly stated the facts that all the income of the Pennsylvania Hospital is expended in charitable work,

Supreme Court decides in favor of the Hospital.

and it cannot be regarded as a money-making institution, for any excess over maintenance which is paid by rich patients is used to support others who are destitute of means to make any pecuniary acknowledgment.

Term
Extended

The prescribed term of service of the Resident Physicians in the Resident Department for the Sick and Injured (Pine Street Hospital), for Physicians' some years prior to the year 1888, had been fixed at sixteen months. During this year the Managers deemed it expedient to enlarge the usefulness of the institution by extending the valuable opportunities months at for obtaining a knowledge of insanity at the Department for Insane Department to each newly elected Resident Physician. The term of the Resident for Insane.

to serve four

Physicians was extended so as to include four months' service at the Department for Insane. Under this arrangement it was believed they would have an opportunity to observe the various forms of insanity, the treatment of the insane, the administration of the hospital, and to become generally better qualified to discharge their duties as physicians and citizens.

Gymnastic The year 1890 was marked by the completion of a gymnastic Building for building on the grounds of the Department for Men, and the opening Male of a new entrance and approach to the Department for Women. The Department gymnastic pavilion was designed to enlarge the means of diversion, to break the monotony of life in the wards, and to promote the physical training of male patients. It was believed that being detached from the main building, there would be an increased

Completed.

inducement to leave the wards and their associations for a time. It overlooks a well-kept lawn, prepared for out-of-door games. The building is of wood, one hundred and five feet long and forty-two feet wide. It is surrounded by a sheltered veranda, twelve feet wide. It contains a reading-room, billiard-room, a bowling-alley, a sittingNew room and a room for gymnastic exercises. The buildings and grounds Entrance are under the direction of a competent instructor who conducts the classes and special exercises.

Gate and Lodge at Department

For a period of forty-nine years the grounds of the Department for Females. for Women were entered at the gate near Haverford Avenue and

Forty-fourth Street.

During the year 1890, a new entrance gate and lodge were erected at the junction of Market and Forty-fourth Streets and Powelton Avenue. The change seemed desirable to render the Hospital more accessible to lines of travel and centres of population. This great improvement was rendered possible by the gift of a benevolent friend. (See illustration page 113.)

During the year 1889, sixty-one lectures were delivered to Lectures by attendants by the assistant physicians and seventy-four lectures on Assistant Botany and Natural History to classes of patients, taking for this Physicians to purpose a morning hour. This work was undertaken by the physi- and Patients. cians in addition to their usual ward work and the regular evening

Attendants

entertainments. It is mentioned specially, as it exceeded what had been previously done in this direction.

The

In the annual reports for 1890, it was stated that during the preceding three years the Department for Women had been fully Department occupied, so that any accession to the number would have been for Females impracticable, or attended with inconvenience. This condition fully continued for the succeeding year. As the daily average number of occupied. patients seemed to be maintained without a prospect of speedy diminution, the Managers were confronted with the problem of over

crowded wards, and the continued embarrassment likely to arise in the classification of patients and medical administration. A hospital may be erected with every appliance for the care and treatment of its allotted number, but its operation as a medical institution may be effectually paralyzed by overcrowding, with the risks and discomforts that may attend such a condition. It was wisely resolved to enlarge I. V. William- the accommodations of this department of the Hospital. This work son Wards was undertaken in the suminer of 1891, and brought to completion during the last month of this year. The whole number of beds for Patients. patients and attendants added is forty-one. The building is an extension of the North wing of the original structure.

Erected for
Female

These wards

66

have been named the "I. V. Williamson Wards," in perpetual remembrance of one of the eminent benefactors of the Hospital. In 1891, the Managers made a concession of a strip of land Gift of Ground extending from Market Street to Haverford Avenue, 80 feet wide, to to City, the City, on condition that a sewer should be constructed without conditioned cost to the Hospital, along the course of Mill Creek, to connect at Construction both points with sewers already prepared. This construction divides of Sewer. the 113 acres of the Hospital property into two nearly equal parts of upwards of fifty acres each.

on

In 1889, the Managers acquired possession of a tract of land in Delaware County, which it was thought might in the future be desir- Ground able for the purposes of the Hospital.

Purchased

for Additions to the

At a Contributors' meeting, May 3, 1886, it was resolved: That the Board of Managers be authorized, whenever in their judgment it Department may be expedient, to purchase such area of land, within a reasonable for Insane. distance from the city, not exceeding 500 acres, in order to prepare a site for such future adjuncts or additions to their Hospital as may hereafter be required or found desirable.

A committee was appointed, on June 7, 1886, with power to carry out the purposes of the resolution, who duly reported the making of contracts to purchase several farms at Newtown Square, Delaware County. This purchase secures for the future all the elements of space, pure atmosphere, elevation and convenience of access, which may be required for enlargement of the department, corresponding to the increasing demands upon its resources.

May 4, 1891, "during the year, the Tyson farm, containing 53-47 acres, was added to the Delaware County Estate, making the whole acreage about 607.94 acres, and enabling us to control all the water courses which have their origin in and flow through our territory; the deed was made and confirmed by Court, the negotiations being conducted by our late President, at a cost of $10,800. These farms are made available for milk and produce supplies of the Hospital in West Philadelphia, furnishing 500 quarts and upwards daily."

It was considered practicable and desirable to prepare one of the farm-houses on the premises for the accommodation of a small family of patients, who were in a stage of convalescence, and for those who would appreciate a change from hospital existence to the freedom of the country and family life. The colony was changed from time to time. In addition, a carriage conveyed several patients daily to the farm as the weather permitted, who spent the day there, returning at the close of the day. The number who also had the opportunity of spending a week or more at the farm and have had the ride to and from the farm, has ranged from two hundred to two hundred and fifty, during the season of three or four months of each year the house has been occupied. It has thus been shown that with moderate preparations, a large number of patients have had the benefit and enjoyment of a change from the city to the country; that in a large number of cases a decided change toward recovery commenced and continued; and that the farm-house at Newtown Square has made a contribution to experience, which must have weight whenever plans for a new hospital come up for consideration.