I hereby certify that the contents, purport, and effect of the lease were ex plained to and fully understood by the lessor, and that said lease was signed and sealed in my presence, and to the best of my knowledge and belief is in every respect free from fraud or deception, and that I am in no respect inter ested in said lease.

BOND.

[Insert official title.]

In consideration of the letting of the premises described in the foregoing indenture of lease, and of the sum of $1 to each of us in hand paid, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, we the undersigned,

State of

of

--9

in the county of

hereby become sureties for the punctual payment of all the rents and the performance of all the covenants and agreements in the above indenture of lease, to be paid and performed by. the lessee named therein, and if any default shall be made therein we do hereby promise and agree to pay on demand unto the above-named officer such sum o sums of money as will be sufficient to make up such deficiency and fully satisfy all the conditions, covenants, and agreements contained in said indenture of lease, without requiring any notice of nonpayment or proof of demand being made. And we do hereby bind ourselves, our heirs, executors. and administrators, jointly and severally, firmly by these presents. Signed and sealed this Witnesses:

day of

-19

19

ing indenture of lease, being duly sworn and severally examined by me, state that they signed the foregoing obligation as sureties for the lessee under the annexed lease, and that they and each of them, respectively, own and possess property over and above all debts, liabilities, and legal exemptions of the value and worth of the sum placed opposite their names.

County of

88:

I. lessee herein, being first duly sworn, depose and say that I am leasing the lands herein described for my own use and benefit, and not, either directly or indirectly, for the use or benefit of any other person or corporation; that I have no agreement, arrangement, or understanding with any person or corporation whereby the said lands or any part thereof shall or may be used, enjoyed, or occupied by or for the benefit of any person or corporation other than myself; and that I have only land leased from Indians for farming purposes, including the land herein described.

acres of

The within lease is hereby approved and declared to be made in accordance ith the law and the rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the terior thereunder, and now in force, and one copy thereof (or two copies consideration is to be paid to superintendent) is hereby transmitted to the ommissioner of Indian Affairs for record in accordance with the regulations.

United States Indian Superintendent.

Mr. RHODES. I was about to ask that under the conditions which apply on this reservation, under prevailing conditions, does the deartment usually accept your recommendation in the making of

hese leases?

Mr. DUCLOS. They have; yes.

Mr. RHODES. What are the factors that determine the question, in vour mind, as to whether or not you make a five-year lease or whether you make a 10-year lease?

Mr. DUCLOS. The expense of reclaiming the land.

Mr. RHODES. Do you find a reasonably large number of people who are willing to take hold of these lands under both 5 and 10 year contracts?

Mr. DUCLOS. I have had great difficulty in getting people to take the land under 10-year contracts. We have no difficulty to get them to take the land under the 5-year contract.

Mr. RHODES. Under this lease there is no obligation on the part of the Government under which it binds itself to grant a 5-year continuation?

Mr. DUCLOS. Absolutely not. It is a contract for five years.

Mr. RHODES. It was not clear from what was said before but that the Government might have left it to the option of the lessee? Mr. DUCLOS. No; it is a contract.

Mr. HAYDEN. Right in that regard, supposing you were convinced that a person who had made a 5-year contract, leveled and cleared this land, and he had done all that was required to be done, and yet the land was not in condition, and that he had been unable to make any money and was a loser, would it be possible to give him an opportunity to recoup himself at the end of five years?

Mr. DUCLOS. I do not know by what method.

Mr. RHODES. In response to a suggestion-I do not know what Mr. Hayden had in mind--but I do know that no operator in farm lands in this State or elsewhere can succeed as well by hiring labor as by operating the farm himself, because being a farmer and somewhat unsuccessful as a farmer, I have never been able to make it pay when I undertook to hire all the help. I do not think that proves anything in this case. What I wanted to ask you particularly was do you operate a farm in connection with the school?

Mr. DUCLOS. We do.

Mr. RHODES. To what extent and in what products?

Mr. DUCLOS. The products we use; hay for the cattle, for instance. Mr. RHODES. How many acres of land?

Mr. DUCLOS. Thirty-five acres.

Mr. RHODES. To what do you plant that?
Mr. DUCLOS. Alfalfa and grain and hay.

Mr. RHODES. How much alfalfa have you?

Mr. DUCLOS. Twenty acres.

Mr. RHODES. How many crops a year do you cut?
Mr. DUCLOS. Six and seven.

Mr. RHODES. What is your annual yield?

Mr. DUCLOS. I should say about 7 tons to the acre.

Mr. RHODES. As a financial proposition, are you keeping such a record of your endeavors that you are able to state to the committee whether or not your agricultural experiments are a success!

Mr. DUCLOS. Yes. The cash sales from surplus products July 1. 1919, to May 1, 1920, amounted to $2,070.73. The surplus we fed to stock and used the honey and the eggs for the children at the school. Mr. RHODES. That is very good.

Mr. HASTINGS. I congratulate you on that showing.

The CHAIRMAN. You said awhile ago that people were clamoring for this land.

Mr. DUCLOS. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. You also said that you figured that the small people, who had 50 or 60 acres, were the best sort of tenants—the best lessees.

Mr. DUCLOS. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. And if they are clamoring for land, and make the best tenants, why do you lease so much land to two or three different concerns in a body?

Mr. DUCLOS. Most of the small people who came here could not finance it. We are not in a position to finance them. They wanted the lessor to furnish seed, etc. If we had to furnish equipment to the small lessees, it would take all that we could get.

The CHAIRMAN. If you wanted to get the small farmers you have not only got to furnish the soil, water, and buy his stock, but practically start them in the business?

Mr. DUCLOS. One of the lessees already operates that way, Mr. Brown. He has lessee tenants of that class.

The CHAIRMAN. So, as a governmental proposition, when we furnish the water, we have only started if we want to get the land in the most productive condition with the best kind of a farmer on it? We have not only got to furnish the water but furnish the soil and equipment and educate them how to operate.

Mr. DUCLOs. No; I do not think so.

The CHAIRMAN. What part of that system have you got to cut out?

Mr. DUCLOS. That all lessees should comply with the conditions of the lease, that they cultivate the land, and leave the land in firstclass condition.

The CHAIRMAN. You just said that the reason you did not lease it to the small man, instead of the big one, was because you could not finance it, could not get his stock and equipment, that the man himself could not, and the Government was not in shape to finance him.

Mr. DUCLOS. Yes.

The CHAIRMAN. Have you got to go on with that process, continue to develop water, and then lease it all to a few men?

Mr. DUCLOS. You are asking whether, with that processThe CHAIRMAN (interposing). So far as the 10,000 acres of the dians are concerned, but we are listening to the proposed extenon of this project to 125,000 acres in the interests of somebody. Mr. DUCLOS. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. If that system is going on, on the same basis at you have operated here, and the land is going to be leased large blocks to a few operators, we may or may not be doing e best thing that could be done for all the people.

Mr. DUCLOS. I see your point.

Mr. RHODES. You stated now what the results of your agricultural deavors are. Have you a dairy herd?

Mr. DUCLOS. We have.

Mr. RHODES. How many cattle?

Mr. DUCLOs. Ten cows.

Mr. RHODES. Do they produce sufficient milk and butter for your equirements?

Mr. DUCLOS. Sufficient milk but only partially butter.

Mr. RHODES. You spoke of raising bees. Is that profitable?

Mr. DUCLOS. We raise bees.

Mr. RHODES. Would you state to the committee what success you have had this year?

Mr. DUCLOS. There was one hive of bees on hand when I took charge in 1916, or December, 1915. We have now 100 hives. The first year I operated that, the farmer took care of it, but during the past three years I have leased it out on shares and we get half of the honey. Mr. RHODES. How much did you get this year?

Mr. DUCLOS. One hundred and sixty gallons.

Mr. RHODES. What use do you make of the honey?

Mr. DUCLOS. We first supply our children's tables here and the surplus we sell.

Mr. RHODES. Do you use that for the same purpose that you use sugar?

Mr. DUCLOS. Yes, sir.

Mr. RHODES. You may state, and then I am through, what, if any other activities are employed here that are revenue-yielding enterprises?

Mr. DUCLOS. At the school?

Mr. RHODES. If any.

Mr. DUCLOS. No. Of course, there are chickens which bring in a small revenue.

Mr. TILLMAN. You appear to keep complete records of the work here and seem to have a wonderful grasp of your duties, and your answers are prompt and accurate. I was wondering whether your temporary farmer keeps any record at all of the number of visits he makes to the Indians.

Mr. DUCLOS. No.

Mr. TILLMAN. Why should he not do that?

Mr. DUCLOS. I would be glad to have that done.

Mr. TILLMAN. The Apaches of the San Carlos Reservation complain that they never saw this man at all and that he did nothing to earn his salary. It seems to me that the visits of your farmer to these Indians should be kept on record.

Mr. DUCLOS. A daily record-I will have that done. It is a very good suggestion. But, as a matter of fact, I can say to the committee he is spending all the time in the field in the effort to encourage them to farm.

Mr. TILLMAN. Have you any complaint from the Indians that he is not coming to visit them?

Mr. DUCLOS. No, sir.

Mr. TILLMAN. Don't you think this man, when you get him, should not only be a practical farmer, but should have had some technical instruction in an agricultural school?

Mr. DUCLOS. Yes, sir; we prefer that kind of a man.
Mr. TILLMAN. That would be better.

from the Mojave-Apache country?

Mr. DUCLOS. No revenue.

What revenue do you get

Mr. TILLMAN. Nothing from the grazing land?
Mr. DUCLOS. Not directly.

Mr. TILLMAN. No income at all?

Mr. DUCLOS. The income is used for the unit you saw down there. Mr. TILLMAN. But something comes into the Treasury by some method or other to their credit. How much is that, approximately! Mr. DUCLOS. Approximately, we have now only $1,500.

Mr. TILLMAN. They have no grazing land?

Mr. DUCLOS. Yes, sir.

Mr. TILLMAN. Don't they get revenue from that?

Mr. DUCLOS. It is only about $2,000 in a year.

Mr. TILLMAN. Does this, then, go in to their credit?

Mr. DUCLOS. To the credit of the tribe, proceeds of labor.

Mr. TILLMAN. You seem to have a superior class of Indians.
Mr. DUCLOS. We have a self-supporting class.

Mr. TILLMAN. They are industrious?

Mr. DUCLOS. Yes, sir.

Mr. TILLMAN. Do they come up to you and complain about being robbed by white men, etc.?

Mr. DUCLOS. No, sir.

Mr. TILLMAN. It is very different from the San Carlos Indians, who do a great deal of it, whether properly or not, I do not know. Mr. DUCLOS. They do not complain here.

Mr. TILLMAN. When they finish your sixth grade here what proportion of the children go to high school or to an advanced grade? Mr. DUCLOS. If in good health, 100 per cent.

Mr. TILLMAN. I am surprised at that.

Mr. DUCLOS. Eleven finished this year, and they are going.
Mr. TILLMAN. To what schools?

Mr. DUCLOS. They choose between Phoenix and Sherman Insti

tute.

Mr. TILLMAN. An equal numer to each place?

Mr. DUCLOS. Yes, sir.

Mr. TILLMAN. Do they usually finish the grades at those two schools?

Mr. DUCLOS. Yes, sir: not all of them.

Mr. TILLMAN. You fed us very sumptuously at luncheon.

Mr. DUCLOS. That was the ladies.

Mr. TILLMAN. What do you give your children at breakfast?