with the exception of one session. In all questions of legislation he voted with the Liberals, while in the constitutional debates he was with those who advocated centralization and afterward dualism, rejecting the federal idea decidedly. The address of January, 1870, was an able argument for the preservation of the constitution, and against the impending federalistic experiments of the minority; that of November, 1870, culminated in a most decisive vote against the vacillating policy of the ministry, and was adopted even in the Herrenhaus by an almost unanimous vote. He spoke repeatedly for a peaceful and constitutional settlement of the difficulties with Hungary, and for a closer connection of Austria and Germany. In the Diet of Carniola, from 1861 to 1867, and afterward in that of Styria, he was an active supporter of German ideas and of the Liberals. In 1868 he was unanimously elected president of the delegation of the Austrian crown-lands. But, with the exception of his seat in the Herrenhaus, he resigned all his positions. In this body he continued to take an active interest up to his death. Among his speeches those delivered during the confessional debates of 1868 and 1874 have gained particular celebrity. His last poetical work of any importance was a German version of "Robin Hood" (1864). AUSTRALIA AND POLYNESIA. The area and population of Australia and Polynesia were, according to the latest accounts, as follows: AUERSPERG, ANTON ALEXANDER, Count VON, also well known by his nom de plume, Anastasius Grün, an Austrian statesman and poet, born April 11, 1806; died September 12, 1876. He received his first education at home, was sent to the Theresianum in Vienna, in 1813, from there he went to the Engineering Academy. Upon the death of his father he was placed in a private institution to prepare himself for the university. After having studied law and philosophy in the Universities of Vienna and Gratz, he traveled through Italy, France, England, and Germany; took charge of his estates in 1831, and in 1839 married the Countess Maria von Attems, living after that partly on his estates and partly in Gratz and Vienna. Every office in the service of the Government or of the court he decidedly refused, being bitterly opposed to the policy of Prince Metternich. He began early to gain a reputation as a poet. Even while a student in Vienna he had contributed numerous small poems to the Philomele and the Theaterzeitung, and in 1830 published a small volume under the title of "Blätter der Liebe, von Anastasius Grün." Under the same nom de plume he published, during the same year, "Der letzte Ritter" (eighth edition, 1860), a romance, in which he intended to show to the effeminate administration of that period the manly picture of the last knight, Maximilian, in the form of Theuerdank. This was followed by "Spaziergänge eines Wiener Poeten" (1831; sixth edition, 1861), which appeared anonymously in 1831 in Hamburg. This volume, a collection of thirty patriotic poems, produced great excitement throughout Germany. The authorities employed every means to discover the author, New South Wales... and when they finally found that the "Viennese poet," Anastasius Grün, and Count Auersperg, were one and the same person, the latter was fined fifty ducats. In 1835 he published another collection of patriotic poems, under the title of "Schutt" (twelfth edition, 1869), which is generally considered as his best production. Tasmania.. He then collected his smaller poems, sketches, etc., into one volume, “Gedichte" (1837; fourteenth edition, 1868). In 1848 he was elected a member of the German "Vorparlament," and afterward of the National Assembly in Frankfort. In this body he always voted with the Left Centre, but left it in September, 1848, because the murders of Lychnowski and Auerswald had utterly disgusted him. For some years he lived in entire seclusion on his estates, publishing in 1852 the poetical works of his friend Nikolaus Lenau. After the change of affairs in Austria in 1859, he again took an active part in public life. In that year he was appointed by the Government a member of a commission to draw up a communal law for Carniola. In 1860 he was called by the Emperor to the "Verstärkter Reichsrath" for Carniola, and in 1861 was created a life-member of the Austrian Herrenhaus. Here he was the regular reporter and author of addresses to the throne, COUNTRIES. Victoria... Western Australia.. Northern Territory.. New Zealand. ISLANDS SOUTH OF THE TROPIC OF CAPRICORN Friendly Islands. ISLANDS NORTH OF THE EQUATOR. Feejee Islands.. ISLANDS BETWEEN THE THE EQUATOR AND Caroline Islands. Gilbert Islands... Total. ...... According to the enumerations of the years 1869-'71, there were 1,300,452 Protestants, 443,442 Catholics, 8,243 Hebrews, 15,521 of other denominations, and 46,839 not known. In New Zealand there were, in 1874, 241,082 Protestants, 40,371 Catholics, 1,215 Hebrews, 4,764 pagans, 4,367 of other denominations, and 7,715 whose religion' was unknown. Of the inhabitants of Australia in 1871, 1,817,187 were born on British territory; of these, 993,362 were born in Australia, and 807,786 in Great Britain. There were also 35,506 persons born in Germany, 5,475 in the United States, 3,046 in France, 31,036 in China, and 23,525 were born in other countries. The movement of population in 1874 was as follows: Victoria NAME OF COLONY. New South Wales. South Australia.. Queensland.. Tasmania... West Australia New Zealand.. Total. The population of the four principal cities of The railroad statistics for 1874 were as fol- New Zealand was estimated as follows on May lows: 1, 1876: Dunedin, 19,657; Auckland, 13,186; Wellington, 11,298; Christchurch, 10,772. The agricultural statistics of New Zealand show Canterbury, standing at the head of all provinces, with 550,759 acres in cultivation; Otago coming next, with 451,669; Wellington third, with 432,802; and Auckland fourth, with 356,988 acres; the total for the whole colony being 2,230,988 acres, showing an increase of 442,221 over 1875. Canterbury has the largest area in every kind of crop, with the single exception of oats, in which the Scottish province of Otago takes first place. The area sown with wheat shows a decrease for the whole colony of 14,868 acres as compared with the previous year. A census of South Australia, taken on March 26, 1876, gave a population of 213,721, of whom 110,941 were males, and 102,780 females. Adelaide had 31,573 inhabitants, of whom 15,104 were males and 16,469 females. The next largest cities were Norwood and Kensington with 6,576, Hindmarsh with 4,120, Port Adelaide with 2,885, and Glenely with 2,028 inhabitants. Gold-mining continued to be carried on successfully in the various colonies. New mines were discovered early in the year at the head of the Palmer River, in the colony of Queensland, and large numbers flocked thither. The crops were generally poor. In New South Wales a heavy drought was reported, while in Victoria the crops were seriously damaged by successive heavy rainfalls. The plan to unite all the Australian colonies into one confederacy continued to be strongly urged during the year. A considerable impulse was given to it by the Intercolonial Exhibition held at Melbourne in the early part of the year. The laying of the submarine cable between Sydney and New Zealand was successfully completed in the beginning of the year, and it was opened in February. The exploration of the interior of the Australian Continent continued to be carried on with unabated energy. News was received in August from Mr. Wilshire, in the Northern Territory, announcing the discovery of good land on the Victoria and Daly Rivers, with grassy plains and soil fit for all tropical productions. The last surviving native of Tasmania died during the year. It was the Queen, Lidgiwidgi Tancaninni, called Lalla Rookh by the white population. Tasmania, or the island of Van Diemen, which became in 1803 an English colony, had in 1815 a native population of 5,000; in 1847 there were only 45 left, and now the last of the race is dead. Lalla Rookh had been married five times, and each time to a king. She lived at Hobart Town, in the house of the Government inspector, and received a small pension from the British Government. She was seventy-three years old, and died of paralysis. A sanguinary affair took place among the natives of Feejee in the early part of the year. A number of tribes not yet converted to Christianity made an attack upon the colony. They were aided by a number of natives who, once converted, had reverted to their heathen state in consequence of the measles, which had raged so terribly in the colony in 1875. They destroyed entire villages, and celebrated their victory by eating eighteen women and children. In consequence of these atrocities the Governor, Sir Arthur Gordon, marched against them, and succeeded in completely defeating them. Thirty-five of the leaders were tried and sentenced to death, but only fourteen were executed. During the middle of the year the vessel Dancing Wave was captured by the natives of the Solomon Islands, who devoured the entire crew. Only one escaped and reported the affair. The man-of-war Sanafly was sent out to punish the murderers. Mr. R. Abbay, in an article on the periodicity of fresh-water lakes of Australia, in No. 342 of Nature, makes the following interesting statements: Lake George, in New South Wales, which is from 23 to 24 miles long, and in its widest part seven miles wide, did not exist twenty-four years ago. In 1852 the deepest part of the lake was covered by a morass, while all the rest was rich alluvial ground. The depth of the present lake is only 25 to 30 feet, which, considering its great extent, is a strong argument in favor of the supposition that the lake has existed at some previous time, and was at least just as extensive as at present. This supposition is strengthened by the old alluvial terraces of the creeks, which lie 10 or 12 feet above the present level of the lake. But this could not be the case one or even several centuries ago, as the present lake is surrounded by a wide belt of forest-trees, which must have grown at a period which dates farther back than a century from the date of the present inundation. The chief reason for the present growth of the lake, Abbay thinks, may be found in the destruction of the forests in the cavity, the southern end of which is at present occupied by the lake. The consequence of the disappearance of the forests was a more rapid drainage of the entire basin, the water could flow off quickly and accumulate in the deepest part of the basin, while the loss by evaporizing was greatly diminished, as the water now reaches the lake in a few hours, even from the most distant part of the basin. Lake Bathurst, a few miles distant, also shows a considerable increase in its volume of water. During the month of March meetings were held in Sydney to discuss a new journey of exploration of D'Albertis in New Guinea. D'Albertis proposed to travel up the Fly River to the centre of the island, where he expected to find its source, and then to return overland to Yule Island or Port Morley. He expected to perform the journey in from six to eight months. This plan was very favorably re ceived by the colonial authorities. The Government placed the steamer Neva at the disposition of D'Albertis, and a subscription was opened to secure the necessary expenses. The annual report of the sub-Protector of Aborigines in South Australia for 1875 contains some interesting statements showing how rapidly the native Australians are disappearing even in that colony, where more is done for their protection than in any other. As an example may be cited the Narringerie tribe, which in 1842 numbered 3,200 persons, against 511 in 1875. This diminution cannot be ac BANDED BANDICOOT. Affairs and of the Imperial House (appointed 1871); Baron Leopold Friedrich von Hofmann, Minister of the Finances of the Empire (appointed 1876); and Count Arthur BylandtRheidt, Minister of War (appointed 1876). The ministry of cis-Leithan Austria was in 1876 composed of Prince Adolf von Auersperg, President (appointed November, 1871); J. Lasser Baron von Bollheims, Interior (November, 1871); C. von Stremayr, Public Works and Instruction (November, 1871); Glaser, Justice (November, 1871); J. Ritter von Chlumeccky, Commerce and Political Economy (appointed in November, 1871, Minister of Agriculture; transferred to the Ministry of Commerce in May, 1875); Baron von Pretis-Cagnois, Finances (January, 1872); Colonel Horst, Defense of the Country (appointed pro tem. November, 1871, definitely March, 1871); Count Mannsfeld, Agriculture (May, 1875); J. Unger (November, 1871) and Florian Ziemialkowski (April, 1873), ministers without portfolio. Area of the monarchy, 240,348 square miles; population, according to the census of 1860, 35,901,435. The area of cis-Leithan Austria (the land represented in the Reichsrath) is 115,908 square miles; population, at the end of 1874, officially estimated at 21,169,341. The ber 31, 1869, by adding the average percentage estimate is based upon the census of Decemof increase. It was distributed among the different crown-lands as follows: COUNTRIES. Austria below the Enns.. Inhabitants in 1874. 2,087,930 741,918 153,886 1,164.512 838,045 468,065 Trieste.. 182,274 Göritz and Gradisca. 212,349 Istria.. 266,303 Tyrol. 787,494 Vorarlberg. 108,341 5,287,244 2,056,081 544,459 5,827,798 587,815 460,827 21,169,341 Bohemia counted for by wars with other tribes, or with AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN MONARCHY, an empire in Central Europe. Emperor, Francis Joseph I., born August 18, 1830; succeeded his uncle, the Emperor Ferdinand I., on December 2, 1848. Heir-apparent to the throne, Archduke Rudolphus, born August 21, 1858. The ministry for the common affairs of the empire consisted, toward the close of the year 1876, of Count Andrassy, Minister of Foreign Silesia.. Total... Czernovitz Cracow Gratz.. Innspruck Lemberg Prague Vienna UNIVERSITIES. Total.. Professors. Students and Hearers. 29 209 Of the total number of students, 7,620 were ordinary and 1,281 extraordinary; 7,432 were Austrians, and 1,469 foreigners. Of the latter, 1,055 were from Hungary, 144 from Germany, 35 from Switzerland, 53 from Italy, 2 from Belgium, 1 from the Netherlands, 8 from Great Britain, 66 from Russia, 12 from Turkey, 16 from Servia, 8 from Greece, 54 from Roumania, 3 from Asia, 13 from America, and 1 from Australia. According to the language, 4,162 were Germans, 1,540 Czechs, 1,338 Poles, 454 Ruthenians, 194 Slovenians, 223 Servians and, BRAUNAU, BOHEMIA. According to the common budget of the whole empire for the year 1877, the amount required for the ordinary branches of administration was 117,091,389 florins. The receipts for the same branches were estimated at 5,779,730 florins, the receipts from customs at 11,000,000 florins, leaving 100,311,659 florins to be distributed among Austria and Hungary. Of this amount, 2,006,233 florins were to come from the Treasury of Hungary, as a part of the Military Frontier had been placed under civik government during the year; and of the balance Austria contributed seventy per cent. and Hungary thirty per cent. The common debt of the empire on January 1, 1876, amounted to 411,999,941 florins. The budget of Austria proper, for 1876, was as follows (in florins): |