The Columbia Guide to American Environmental HistoryColumbia University Press, 14 Sep 2005 - 400 halaman How and why have Americans living at particular times and places used and transformed their environment? How have political systems dealt with conflicts over resources and conservation? This is the only major reference work to explore all the major themes and debates of the burgeoning field of environmental history. Humanity ́s relationship with the natural world is one of the oldest and newest topics in human history. The issue emerged as a distinct field of scholarship in the early 1970s and has been growing steadily ever since. The discipline ́s territory and sources are rich and varied and include climactic and geological data, court records, archaeological digs, and the writings of naturalists, as well as federal and state economic and resource development and conservation policy. Environmental historians investigate how and why natural and human-created surroundings affect a society ́s development. Merchant provides a context-setting overview of American environmental history from the beginning of the millennium; an encyclopedia of important concepts, people, agencies, and laws; a chronology of major events; and an extensive bibliography including films, videos, CD-Roms, and websites. This concise "first stop" reference for students and general readers contains an accessible overview of environmental history; a mini-encyclopedia of ideas, people, legislation, and agencies; a chronology of events and their significance; and a bibliography of books, magazines, and journals as well as films, videos, CD-ROMs, and online resources. In addition to providing a wealth of factual information, The Columbia Guide to American Environmental History explores contentious issues in this much-debated field, from the idea of wilderness to global warming. |
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... Forest and Indian Land Use 24 The Settlement of New England 25 Colonial Land Use 27 Marketing the Forest 28 The Forest Economy 31 Mind, Labor, and Nature 33 The Idea of Wilderness 34 Conclusion 36 Chapter 3. The Contents.
... forests focuses on three stages of use: Indian subsistence; the colonial forest economy; and wilderness appreciation. It also explores two core themes—the human labor needed to extract useful commodities, and the transformation of the ...
... forests. The New England Indians were horticulturists, growing corn, beans, squash, and pumpkins. This agricultural ... forest at the time of European settlement was depopulated of many of its former inhabitants, their fields lying ...
... forest. Bradford writes that the Pilgrims encountered “a hideous and desolate wilderness full of wild beasts and wild ... forests was the primary resource used by the colonists for shelter and fuel. They built and lived within a wooden ...
... forest products, such as turpentine, pitch, and tar, were extracted from the New England forest. These resources became part of an emerging system of world trade. Marketing. the. Forest. European colonists came from countries that were ...
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3 | |
24 | |
39 | |
4 Nature and the Market Economy 17501850 | 59 |
The Settlement of California and the Great Plaines 18201930 | 80 |
6 Urban Environments 18501960 | 100 |
7 Conservation and Preservation 17851950 | 120 |
8 Indian Land Policy 18001990 | 140 |
AGENCIES CONCEPTS LAWS AND PEOPLE | 191 |
AN ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY TIMELINE | 249 |
Part IV RESOURCE GUIDE | 269 |
Films and Videos | 271 |
Electronic Resources | 291 |
Bibliographical Essay | 311 |
Bibliography | 323 |
Index | 423 |