duction of Canada, by an attack upon Montreal, was the ulterior object of the campaign.

The forces destined for the accomplishment of these purposes were an army of five thousand, at Fort George; two thousand under Gen. Lewis, at Sacket's Harbor; four thousand at Plattsburg, under the command of Gen. Hampton, which latter, proceeding by the way of Champlain, were to form a junction with the main body, at some place on the river St. Law rence; and, finally, the victorious troops of Gen." Harrison, which were expected to arrive in seaSon to furnish important assistance.

On the fifth of September, Gen. Armstrong, who had recently been appointed secretary of war, arrived at Sacket's Harbor, to aid in the above project. The plan of attacking Kingston was now abandoned, and it was determined to proceed immediately to Montreal. Unexpected difficulties, however, occurred, which prevented the execution of the plan, and the American force under Wilkinson retired into winter quarters, at French Mills. The forces of Gen. Hampton, after penetrating the country some distance to join Wilkinson, retired again to Plattsburg. The forces of Gen. Harrison were not ready to join the expedition, until the troops had gone into winter quarters.

The forces of Gen. Wilkinson were concentrated, previ ous to embarkation, at Grenadier Island, between Sacket's Harbor and Kingston, 180 miles from Montreal, reckoned by the river. Owing to tempestuous weather, the fleet was detained some days after the troops were on board; but finally set sail on the 30th. On the 6th of November, having arrived within a few miles of the British Fort Prescott, and finding that it commanded the river, Gen. Wilkinson ordered the fixed ammunition to be landed, in order to its being transported with greater security to a point below

the fort, there to meet the flotilla under command of Gen. Brown, which was to attempt the passage, under cover of night. At the same time, also, the troops were landed, and were ordered to proceed to the same point, under command of Gen. Boyd.

Notwithstanding the precautions of Gen. Brown, and the advantage of night, during which he passed the fort, he suffered a heavy cannonade. But fortunately, he brought the whole flotilla, consisting of 300 boats, in safety to the appointed place of rendezvous; where, also, the troops ar rived at 10 o'clock the following day.

The British governor, now perceiving that Kingston was not the object of the American army, as was at first conjectured, ordered a corps of observation from that place, where his troops were concentrated, to follow the movements of Wilkinson's army.

By this force, the Americans were seriously annoyed, and also by British militia, which assembled in considerable numbers, at the narrow parts of the river. On the 7th, Gen. Macomb, with a select corps of 1200, was dispatched to disperse the militia collected on the shores. On the 8th, he was reinforced by Gen. Brown. On the 10th, having arrived at a long and dangerous rapid, the troops, excepting a number sufficient to navigate the boats, were ordered to proceed down the river by land; the troops under Gen. Brown to precede, at some distance, and to be followed by the main body, under Gen. Boyd.

On the 11th, the troops and flotilla having arrived at Williamsburg, just as they were about to proceed, a powerful body of the enemy, 2000 in number, were discovered ap proaching in the rear. Wilkinson, being too much indisposed to take the command, appointed Gen. Boyd to attack them, in which his troops were assisted by the brigades of Generals Covington and Swartwout.

For three hours, the action was bravely sustained by the opposing forces. Both parties, in the issue, claimed the victory; but neither could, in truth, be said to be entitled to it-the British returning to their encampment, and the Americans to their boats. In this engagement, the loss of the latter was 339, of whom 102 were killed. Gen. Coving. ton was mortally wounded, and died two days after. The British loss was 180.

A few days previous to the battle, as Gen. Harrison had not arrived, Wilkinson dispatched orders to Gen. Hampton to meet him, with his army, at St. Regis. On the 12th, a

communication was returned from Hampton, in which he declined a compliance with the above orders, on the ground, that the provisions of Wilkinson were not adequate to the wants of both armies, and that it would be impossible to transport provisions from Plattsburg.

On the receipt of this intelligence, a council of war was summoned by Wilkinson, by which it was decided to abandon the attack on Montreal, and to go into winter quarters at French Mills.

Shortly after, Gen. Hampton, learning that the contemplated expedition against Montreal was abandoned, himself paused in his advance towards Montreal, by the way of Chateaugay, and returned to Plattsburg, where he established his winter quarters. Soon after, his health failing, he resigned his commission, and was succeeded in command by Gen. Izard.

Thus ended a campaign, which gave rise to a dissatisfaction, proportioned to the high expecta. tions that had been indulged of its success. Public opinion was much divided as to the causes of its failure, and as to the parties to whom the blame was properly to be attached.

Sec. 37. The proposal of the emperor of Russia to mediate between the United States and Great Britain, with reference to an amicable adjustment of their differences, and the appointment of Messrs. Gallatin, Adams, and Bayard, as commissioners under that proposal, have been mentioned, (Sec. 26.) This proposal, however, Great Britain thought expedient to decline; but the prince regent offered a direct negotiation, either at London or Gottenburg. The offer was no sooner communicated to our government, than accepted, and Messrs. Henry Clay and Jonathan Russel were appointed, in addition to the commissioners already in Europe, and soon after sailed for Gottenburg. Lord Gambier, Henry Goulbourn, and William Adams, were appointed, on the part of the court of St. James, to meet

them. The place of their meeting was first fixed at Gottenburg, but subsequently was changed to Ghent, in Flanders, where the commissioners as sembled in August.

Sec. 38. No sooner had the northern armies gone into winter quarters, as above mentioned, than the public attention was strongly attracted to interesting events at the south, growing out of a war with the Creek Indians, which the lat ter had declared against the United States. The motives to this war were twofold. First, a desire on the part of a considerable number of the Creeks, to abandon the modes of civilization and improvement, which the nation was fast adopting, under the influence of benevolent citizens of the United States, and the government itself, and to return to their former savage life. Secondly, the reception of arms and presents from the British government, made with a view to enlisting them against the United States in the war in which the former were now engaged with the latter.

The discontentment of the wavering part of the Creeks had been much increased, and their hostile spirit inflamed, through the influence of the celebrated Tecumseh, who, in 1812, had made them a visit, at which time he passed through the nation, with a view to persuade them to shake off the oppressions of civilized life, and to return to their former more independent and unshackled mode of living. By means of the eloquence of this savage Demosthenes, the party hostile to the United States was much increased-a civil war commenced-and a vexatious border warfare was begun upon the whites.

Sec. 39. The war, at length, declared against the United States by the Creeks, proved exceedingly sanguinary in its progress, during the year 1813, and until the close of the summer of 1814, when Gen. Jackson, who conducted it, on the

part of the Americans, having in several rencounters much reduced them, and finally and signally defeated them, in the battle of Tohopeka, or Horse-Shoe-Bend, concluded a treaty with them, August 9th, on conditions advantageous to the United States. Having accomplished this service, Gen. Jackson returned to Tennessee, and was soon after appointed to succeed Gen. Wilkinson in the command of the forces at New-Orleans.

The commencement of hostilities by the Creeks was an attack upon Fort Mimms, on the 30th of August, 1813. About noon, the garrison of the fort was surprised by about 600 Indians. At first, the American troops stood upon their defence, and repulsed the savages; but, on being harangued by their chief, Weatherford, they returned with augmented fury-drove the besieged into the houses, and set them on fire. A shocking massacre ensued. Not one was spared by the savage monsters; and but a few effected their escape. Only seventeen, out of 300 men, women, and children, who had taken refuge in the fort from adjoining settlements, were left to convey the melancholy tidings to the surrounding inhabitants.

On the receipt of this disastrous intelligence, 2000 men from Tennessee, under Gen. Jackson, and 500 under Gen. Coffee, immediately marched to the country of the Creeks. On the 2d of November, Gen.-Jackson detached Gen. Coffee, with 900 mounted cavalry and mounted riflemen, from his head-quarters, the Ten Islands, on the Coosa river, to attack a body of Creeks at Tallushatches. This attack was made on the morning of the 3d, and resulted in the repulse of the Indians, who lost in killed 200, and 84 were taken prisoners. The killed and wounded of the Americans were 46.

On the 7th, a friendly Indian conveyed intelligence to Gen. Jackson, that a party of friendly Creeks were besieged by a body of hostile Creeks at Talladega, 30 miles below the camp. With a body of 1200 men, he immediately marched to their relief; and on his arrival, although the resistance of the Indians, amounting to near 1000 men, was bold and determined, he gave them a signal defeat, with the loss of near 300 slain. The loss of the Americans were fifteen killed, and eighty-five wounded.