year who were not here last year. Some of these are babies. The Mexicans have come in increasing numbers living costs are lower in the cities than in rural communities, because there are better schools and health services. Some counties where they work in the summer refuse to let them remain for the winter.

Why They Came

The sugar beet industry, with its demand for cheap labor, is responsible for the presence of Mexicans in Minnesota in large numbers. They were shipped into the State on order and placed on farms for the beet season by the employment agents of the American Beet Sugar Company. During the first years many returned to winter in the South, shipped north again in the spring, bringing their friends. A study made in 1929 mentions the pay as $23,00 an acre, plus a bonus, housing and the use of a plot of ground. The sugar company extended credit at a nearby store until the worker received his first payment; it settled disputes between the farmer and Mexican. When the season was ended the company attempted to direct workers to centers where winter labor was needed. Some worked in the sugar factories, others in the industries of large cities. The sugar company extended credit in city stores for those unable to support themselves until spring when the agent came to the neighborhood to arrange contracts and transportation to the farms.

Since the reorganization of the American Beet Sugar Company about four years ago, the American Crystal Sugar Company has changed its labor policy. Labor is plentiful. The workers' wages are no longer guaranteed; there is no employment agent or welfare worker for the company serving Mexicans in this district. Contracts are made by the workers with the individual grower. Minnesota Mexican families wander about from place to place looking for work in competition with white labor and other Mexican workers driven up from the south by unemployment. The 1935 contract was for $8.00 an acre and housing, plus 60 cents a ton for harvesting with a minimum of $5.00 an acre. This year certain counties were posted "only white labor employed.”

Place Of Birth

Data on Place of Birth were secured for 1,335 individuals out of a total of 1,459 covered in this study. Five of these were Europeans married to Mexicans and were born in Spain, Porto Rico, Ireland, Italy and Poland; 496 were born in Mexico, including 239 men, 166 women and 91 children under 21 years of age. Thirty-six men, 59 women and 739 children were born in the United States. A total of 834 persons out of 1,335 or 61.7% are American born. Even if all of the 124 on whom no data was secured were born in Mexico, the Mexican Community would have a majority of American born members.

Arrival

Of the 344 heads of families or single persons over 21 years for whom schedules were filled, 48 were born in the United States, one in Spain, one in Porto Rico. Of the remaining 292 of whom 22 were women,