School population, attendance, and support.'-School population as estimated in 1886 was 355; the statistics of the two schools were as follows:

Missionary work.-The Presbyterian and Protestant Episcopal Churches have missions here. Rev. John P. Williamson represents the former and reports, in 1886, two churches; amount contributed by the Indians to support of preaching, $108; to missionary society, $263. The Rev. Joseph W. Cook represents the latter church, and reports one church and three stations, and $130 contributed toward church service, beside $295 raised for church building.

SYNOPSIS OF TREATIES.

For treaty of July 19, 1815, see Sioux treaty same date, United States Statutes, Vol. VII, 128.

For treaty June 22, 1825, see Sioux treaties same date, United States Statutes, Vol. VII, 250.

For treaty October 15, 1836, see Sioux treaties same date, United States Statutes, Vol. VII, 524.

Treaty with the Yankton tribe of Sioux, made at Washington, October 21, 1837.

These Indians agree to cessions of land by the treaties of 1830 and September 29, 1837.2 (See Sioux treaty same date.)

The United States agrees to pay $4,000; $1,500 of which shall be for horses and presents to the chiefs; $2,000 in goods; $500 for removing the agency buildings and blacksmith shop. (Art. 2.)

Expenses of treaty to be paid by United States. (Art. 3.)

Treaty binding when ratified. (Art. 4.)

Proclaimed February 21, 1838.*

Treaty between the United States and the Yankton Sioux, made at Washington April 19,

1858.

The Indians cede all lands now owned, possessed, or claimed by them wherever situated, to wit: "Beginning at the mouth of the Tchankasandata or Calumet or Big Sioux River; thence up the Missouri River to the mouth of the Pahahwakan or East Medicine Knoll River; thence up said river to its head; thence in a direction to the head of the main fork of the Wandushkahfor or Snake River; thence down said river to its junction with the Tchansansan or Jacques or James River; thence in a direct line to the northern point of Lake Kampeska; thence along the northern shore of that lake and its outlet to the junction of said outlet with the Big Sioux River; Report of Indian Commissioner, 1886, p. xc. 2 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 510. 31bid., Vol. VII, p. 542.

thence down the Big Sioux River to its junction with the Missouri River." Also all their right and title to and in all the islands of the Missouri River from the mouth of the Big Sioux to the mouth of the Medicine Knoll River. (Art. 2.)

They also relinquish and abandon all claims and complaints about or growing out of any and all treaties heretofore made by them or other Indians, except their annuity rights under the treaty of Laramie, of September 17, 1851. (Art. 1.)

The Indians except to the above cession the following tract of land: "Beginning at the mouth of the Nawisiwakoopah or Chouteau River and extending up the Missouri River 30 miles; thence due north to a point; thence easterly to a point on said Chouteau River; thence down said river to the place of beginning so as to include the said quantity of 400,000 acres." (Art. 1.)

The Indians agree to remove, settle, and reside on the reservation within one year, and until they do so remove the United States guarantees them undisturbed possession of their present settlement. (Art. 3.)

The United States to construct and use roads across the reservation by first paying all damages and a fair value of the land so used. Damage and value to be determined by the Secretary of the Interior. (Art. 3.)

Also to establish military posts and agencies. (Art.9.)

The United States agrees to protect the persons and property of said Indians on their reservation during good behavior; to expend for their benefit $65,000 per annum for ten years, commencing from the year of removal; also agrees to pay $1,600,000 in annnities as follows: $40,000 per annum for the next ten years; $25,000 per annum for the third ten years; $15,000 per annum for twenty years thereafter.

The President shall determine what proportion shall be in cash and what otherwise expended. Also $25,000 for maintaining the Indians during the first year, for the purchase of stock, agricultural implements, breaking lands, erecting houses, etc.; also to erect a grist-mill, one or more shops and dwelling-houses for mechanics and farmer, and to expend for these a sum not exceeding $15,000. Any injury to this property to be paid for by the tribe. (Art. 4.)

Whenever the Secretary of the Interior shall be satisfied that the Indians have become sufficiently advanced in agriculture, etc., to provide for themselves, he may turn over to them all the said houses and other property furnished by the United States, and dispense with the services of the employés. (Art. 5.)

Education. The United States to expend $10,000 for school-house or houses, and to establish and maintain one or more normal labor schools, so far as the sum will admit, to be managed and conducted as the Secretary of the Interior shall direct. The Indians to keep all their children between seven and eighteen years at school aine months in the year. Any persons neglecting to comply with this regulation shall have such portion of their annuities withheld as the Secretary may direct. Such sum as the President may deem best may be reserved and taken from the annuities and added to the amount already mentioned for the support of schools. Indians agree to furnish a number of young men as apprentices at the mills and shops, at least three persons to work constantly with each white laborer in agricultural and mechanical pursuits. Such Indian laborers shall be paid a fair compensation out of the shares of the annuities of such Indians as being able refuse or neglect to work. For failure on the part of the Indians to avail themselves of this stipulation the President may discontinue the allowance for schools and instruction. (Art. 4.)

Chiefs in open council may authorize their just debts and obligations to be paid out of the annuities, and provide for such half-breed relations as do not live with them. The agent shall approve and the Secretary authorize such payment, which shall not exceed in any one year $15,000. (Art. 6.)

The Yankton Indians shall be secured in their unrestricted use of the quarry for the purpose of procuring stone for pipes, and the United States agrees to survey and mark off so much as shall be necessary and proper for that purpose and retain the same and keep it open and free to the Indians to procure stones for pipes so long as they shall desire. (Art. 8.)

S. Ex. 95--19

All expenses of the survey shall be paid by the United States. (Art. 14.) Indians agree not to alienate their lands except to the United States. Whenever the Secretary may direct the land shall be surveyed and divided, each head of a family or single person receiving a separate farm, with such rights of property or transfer to any other member of the tribe or descent as may be deemed just. (Art. 10.) The Indians pledge themselves to remain at peace and to deliver to the United States all offenders for punishment. For intemperance the annuities shall be withheld from offenders for at least one year. (Arts. 11 and 12.)

The agent shall reside on the reservation and have set apart for his use 160 acres of land. (Art. 15.)

Proclaimed February 26, 1859.1

1 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XI, p. 743.

CHAPTER XI.

INDIAN RESERVATIONS OF IDAHO TERRITORY.

Idaho was organized March 3, 1863; for the account of the territory out of which it was formed, see Dakota.

Little change has taken place in the Indian tribes living within this Territory, except the gathering them upon reservations, some of which cover territory originally occupied by the Indians located thereon.

There are four reservations, containing an aggregate area of 2,611,481 acres; Indians under agencies, 3,009; Indians not under an agent, 600. Total Indian population, 3,609.

The following are the agencies: Fort Hall Agency, in charge of Fort Hall Reservation; Lemhi Agency, in charge of Lemhi Reservation; Nez Percé Agency, having the Lapwai Reservation. Cœur d'Aléne Reservation is under the charge of the Colville Agency, of Washington Territory.

FORT HALL AGENCY.

[Post-office address: Ross Fork, Bingham County, Idaho.]

FORT HALL RESERVATION.

How established.--By treaty, July 3, 1868. Executive order of June 14, 1867, and of July 30, 1869. Agreement with Indians made July 18, 1881. Approved by act of Congress, July 3, 1882.

Area and survey.-Contains 1,202,330 acres, of which 10,000 are tillable. Outboundaries surveyed.3

Acres cultivated.-The Indians had 798 acres under cultivation in 1886.4

Tribes and population.-The tribes living here are the Boisé and Brunau, Bannack, and Shoshone. Total population, 1,444.5

Location. This reservation is situated in Oneida County, in the Snake River Valley, and extends some 50 miles north and south immediatelyalong the river, and is in width in the centre about 39 miles. The valley is from 5,200 to 5,400 feet above sea-level. Irrigation is needful to agriculture.

Government rations.-Twenty-five per cent. of the Indians were subsisted by Government rations in 1886.7

Mills and employés.-A mill was built in 1870,1 and was burned in 1882.2 No Indian employés reported.

Indian police.-Established in 1882.3
Indian court of offences.-None reported.

School population, attendance, and support:

School population, as estimated in 1886.
Boarding-school accommodation....
Boarding-school average attendance

Cost to Government..

Session (months)..

250

125

36

$4,420.80

10

Missionary work.-No missionary work among these Indians. The Mormons have baptized some three hundred.

SYNOPSIS OF TREATIES.

Treaty between the United States and the Shoshone and Bannack Indians, made at Fort Bridger, Utah Territory, July 3, 1868.

In 1868 the Eastern Band Shoshones and Bannack Indians agree to a continued peace. In cases of wrong or injury committed towards the Indians the United States agrees, upon suitable proof, to punish the offender and reimburse the injured person. Indians to deliver up all offenders to Government authority for punishment. (Art. 1.) For the Bannacks the President shall select a suitable reservation in their present country, which shall embrace reasonable portions of the Port Neuf and Kansas prairie countries, and they shall have the same rights and privileges and same expenditures in proportion to numbers, excepting agency house and residence, as provided for Shoshones. Government sets apart a reservation for Shoshones, and for such other Indians as they may be willing to admit, and agrees that no persons, except Government officers, shall be permitted to pass over or settle upon said territory, and relinquishes all claim or title to said lands. agency buildings, shops, mill, and school-house. tion their permanent home. (Art. 2.)

United States agrees to construct
Indians agree to make the reserva-

An Indian desiring to farm may choose within the reservation not more than 320 acres, which selection shall be recorded and land shall belong to him and his heirs forever. Any person over eighteen years old, not the head of a family, may select 80 acres, which shall be recorded and remain in his exclusive possession. President may order a survey and fix title to these selections. (Art. 6.)

Indians are to compel their children of both sexes, between the ages of six and sixteen, to attend school, and Government agrees that for every thirty children between said ages a school-house and teacher shall be provided, and this provision to run twenty years. (Art. 7.)

After the head of a family shall have selected land he shall be entitled to $100 worth of seeds and implements for the first year, and for the next three years succeeding which he shall continue to farm, $25 per year. All persons to receive instruction, and when one hundred persons have begun to farm a second blacksmith shall be provided, together with iron, steel, etc. (Art. 8.)

In lieu of all other moneys or annuities provided for under any or all treaties hitherto made the United States agrees, on the 1st of September of each year for thirty years, to furnish to each man, woman, and child a suit of clothes, in accordance with the census taken by the agent each year. Also $10 to each roaming Indian, and $20 to each Indian engaged in agriculture, to be expended as the Secretary of the 1 Report of Indian Commissioner, 1870, p. 188. 2 Ibid., 1883, p. 53. 3 Ibid., 1882, 6 Ibid., 1883, p. 54.

p. 50.

4 Ibid., 1886, p. xc. 5 Ibid., p. 108.