general be required to call for the said patent of the Massachusetts; and accordingly a letter was sent by Mr. Meawtes, in the name of the Lords of the Council, as is above expressel. But nothing more was done therein during the former king's reign; and his Majesty now reigning, since his coronation, confirmed the charter of the Massachusetts anew, in one of his letters.

CHAP. XXXVII.

Ecclesiastical affairs in the Massachusetts, from the year

1636 to 1641.

THE affairs of the church in this next lustre of years were carried on after the same manner, and in the same method and order, as in the former, but not with the same quietness and peace; nor could it be said, that there was no voice of axe or hammer in their temple work, in this space of time. The enemy was sowing tares in God's field, and therefore it was to be feared some of the servants were asleep; of which themselves were not insensible, after they were awakened by the great troubles that were occasioned thereby. Yet notwithstanding, there were many churches gathered, and ministers ordained in them, many differences composed and healed; and at the last, errour being suppressed, the churches were again established in truth and peace.

The first attempt of gathering any church in the year 1636, was at Dorchester, on the first of April; when the former pastor, and most of the old church being removed to Connecticut, Mr. Richard Mather, with several christians that came along with him out of Lancashire, having settled their habitations there, and intending to begin a new church, desired the approbation of the magistrates, and of the neighbouring churches, (whose ministers and messengers used to be always present on such occasions,) and were at this time there assembled for that end. When Mr. Mather, their intended teacher, and the rest of them designed for that work, had made confession of their faith, they proceeded to give an account

of the work of God's grace on their hearts; wherein, through unacquaintedness with the nature of the thing desired, that which was held forth by the most of them did not amount to full satisfaction; so as they were advised not to join together in church fellowship without some further consideration, and accordingly they did forbear at that present. But or the 8th of September* following, being better informed about the nature of that which was expected from them, scil. a declaration of the work of their repentance, how they were brought by the ministry of the word, not only to look upon sin as hurtful, but as hateful, and to close with the Lord Jesus by a lively faith, as the Lamb of God, that came to take away the sin of the world, &c. they were gathered into a church state, with the approbation of the messengers of the churches, then assembled for that end.

The 6th of April, 1637, those of Concord set a day apart for the ordination of their two ministers, viz. Mr. Jones to be their pastor, and Mr. Bulkley to be their teacher. But neither the governour, Mr. Vane, nor Mr. Cotton, nor the two ruling elders, nor any other of Boston church would be present; because the two forementioned ministers were looked upon in that hour of temptation, as too legal preachers, and therefore they would not be present to give approbation to their ordination.

The 20th of February, Mr. Ward, of Ipswich, having laid down his pastoral office, Mr. Rogers and Mr. Norton were ordained, the one pastor, the other teacher of the said church.

The 9th of January, 1687, divers of the ministers went to Weymouth, to reconcile the differences between the people and Mr. Jenner, whom they had called thither, with intent to have him their pastor, and had good success of their prayers. For the 30th of January, 1638, there was a church gathered there, with the approbation of the magistrates and ministers. They had a church gathered there at Weymouth before, but could not hold together, nor could have any elder join or hold with them, August 23. Dorchester records. Ed.

because they did not begin according to the rule of the gospel, as was judged; but at this time humbling themselves for it, and beginning again upon a new foundation, they went on with a blessing.

The people of this town of Weymouth had invited one Mr. Lenthall to come to them, with intention to call him to be their minister. This man, though of good report in England, coming hither was found to have drunk in some of Mrs. Hutchinson's opinions, as of justification before faith, &c. and opposed the custom of gathering of churches in such a way of mutual restipulation, as was then practised. From the former, he was soon taken off by conference with Mr. Cotton, but he stuck close to the other, that only baptism was the door of entrance into the visible church, &c. so as the common sort of people did eagerly embrace his opinion; and some laboured to get such a church on foot, as all baptized ones might communicate in, without any further trial of them, &c. For this end they procured many hands in Weymouth, to a blank, intending to have Mr. Lenthall's advice to the form of their call; and he likewise was very forward, to become a minister to them in such a way, and did openly maintain the cause. But the magistrates hearing of this disturbance and combination, thought it needful to stop it betimes, and therefore they called Mr. Lenthall, and the chief of the faction, to the next general court, in March; where Mr. Lenthall, having before conferred with some of the magistrates and ministers, and being convinced of his errour in judgment, ' and his sin in practice, to the disturbance of their peace, &c. did openly and freely retract, with expression of much grief of heart for his offence, and did deliver his retractation in writing under his hand in open court; whereupon he was enjoined to appear at the next court, and in the mean time to make and deliver the like recantation in some publick assembly at Weymouth. So the court forbore any further censure by fine or other. wise, though it was much urged by some. At the same court, some of the principal abettors were censured; as

one Smith, and one Silvester, and one Britten, who had spoken reproachfully of the answer which was sent to Mr. Bernard's book against their church covenant, and of some of the ministers there, for which he was severely punished; but not taking warning he fell into grosser evil, whereby he brought capital punishment upon himself, not long after.

The 7th of September, 1639, there was a church gathered at Braintree, formerly Mount Wollaston, and Mr. Wheelwright, (whom the people of Boston, that were concerned in that place, had intended to be the minister thereof,) being by the order of the court removed out of the jurisdiction, Mr. Thompson, that came out of Lancashire, a pious and learned minister, and had for a time been preacher at Agamenticus, where he had been an instrument of much good, was ordained the pastor thereof, the 19th of November following; with whom was joined Mr. Henry Flint, as teacher. Mr. Ezekiel Rogers, son of Mr. Richard Rogers of Weathersfield, December 3d of the same year, was ordained pastor of a church at Rowley, where was a plantation newly erected, between Ipswich and Newbury. Mr. Eaton and Mr. Davenport laboured by all means to have drawn him with his people to New Haven, and had so far prevailed with him, (being newly come, and unacquainted with the state of the country,) as to engage him to go with them, upon propositions which they could not well fulfil; whereupon, by the advice of the ministers about the Bay, he took himself released from his foresaid engagement, and then came with his people to that place beyond Ipswich, where he was ordained their pastor, as is said before.

On the 18th of March, 1639, Mr. Norris was ordained teacher of the church at Salem, all the elders of the other churches being present.

The 19th of December Mr. Knowles, sometimes fellow of Emanuel College, in Cambridge, was ordained second pastor of the church of Watertown; the former yet surviving, so as at this time they had two pastors

and no teacher, therein differing from the practice of the rest of the churches; as they did also in their private way of proceeding, not giving notice thereof, either to the magistrates, or neighbour churches, as the common practice was then, and still is, by an order, established by the general court for that end; but that was the humour of some in chief place of that church. And so apt are the best of men oft times to come in danger of Scylla, that they may be sure to keep clear of Charybdis.

One Hugh Bewet was at the next court of assistants, March the 1st, sent out of the jurisdiction, for holding publickly, and maintaining that he was free from original sin; it being justly to be feared, that if he had staid still, he would have made himself, and others too, guilty of more actual sin, than his neighbours, (as is ordinarily found by experience of those great pretenders to perfection and holiness,) although he did also affirm, that for half a year before, he had been likewise free from actual sin.

The church of Dorchester, not contenting themselves with a single officer in the ministry of their church, invited one Mr. Burr, (who had been a minister in England, and of very good report there, for piety and learning,) with intent also to call him to office. And accordingly, after he was received a member of their church, and had given good proof of his piety, and other ministerial abilities, they gave him a call to office, which he deferring to accept upon some private reasons, known to himself, some of the church took some exceptions at some things which he in the mean time delivered, (his expressions possibly either not being well understood, or so far wire-drawn as that they seemed too much inclining to the notions then prevailing much at Boston,) and they desired him to give satisfaction, and he not seeing need for it, it was agreed that Mr. Mather and he should confer together, and so the church should know where the difference lay. Accordingly Mr. Burr wrote his judgment in the points of difference in such manner and terms, as from some of his propositions, taken sin.