Milestones in Mass Communication Research: Media Effects

adolescents adults advertising agenda agenda-setting aggressive behavior American arousal attitudes audience believed broadcast campaign Carl Hovland comic books concerning conclusions crime comics discussed emotional Erie County example experimental experiments exposure factors film findings George Gerbner girls Hovland hypothesis Ibid idea important individual interpretations interviewed investigation issues Jack Lyle leaflets learning magic bullet theory major mass communication research mass media media effects medium Mercury Theatre milestone motion pictures newspapers norms observational learning opinion change opinion leaders opinion leadership Overall paradigm parents patterns percent personal influence persuasive play political portrayals portrayed presented problem question questionnaire radio relationship response role sample selected showed significant situation comedies Social Behavior society stimulated subjects televised violence Television and Social television programs television's theory topics viewers viewing voters watching television Wertham Wilbur Schramm women