Milestones in mass communication research: media effects

adult aggressive behavior American analysis attitudes audience Battle of Britain boys broadcast child comic books concerning conclusions crime comics developed earlier effects of mass emotional Erie County example experiments exposure factors film findings girls Herbert Blumer Hovland Ibid idea important individual interest interpretations interviews investigators issues Jack Lyle L. L. Thurstone leaflets learning listeners magic bullet theory major mass communication mass communication research mass media means media content medium Mercury Theatre motion pictures newspapers norms opinion change opinion leaders opinion leadership Overall patterns percent personal influence persuasive communications played political portrayals portrayed presented problems programs propaganda questionnaire questions radio relationships response role Schramm selective showed significant sleeper effect social scientists stimulus intensity subjects Task Force televised violence Television and Social theoretical theory tion topics two-step flow viewers viewing vote voters Wertham women