three years and an half. Dan. 7, 25, and 12, 7, or as explained by that laft and greatest myftagogue JOHN, Rev. 11, 2-3, forty two months, or 1260 prophetic days or years, which is to include the fufferings of the "militant church, or of the two faithful with sses or reprefentatives of the Patriarchal and Evangelical churches or congregations, compofing the universal church throughout the world*.

"This first divifion of 1260 years, which is to be marked by trouble, diftrefs and perfecution of the faithful wines, counting backwards from its clofe A. D. 1880, gives A. D. 620.-the precite year when the Mahometan Impofture began to be propagated in the EAST, two years before his flight from Mecca, (whence the famous Æra of the Hegira, or flight, cominenced A. D. 622,) and about the fame year alfo, when the Gregorian liturgy, framed by Gregory the Great, who thereby thought to change times and laws," in the Chriftian church, by establishing the celibacy of the clergy, the worship of angels and interceffors, and the veneration of relics-Dan. 7, 25, fo wondertully foretold by the fpirit of prophecy; 1 Tim. 4, 1. 2 Tim. 3, 1. 2 Thef. 2, 3-11, began to be eftabi.thed in the WEST.

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"The fecond divifion of 1290 days, Dan. 12, 11. counted forwards from A. D. 70, the deftruction of Jerufalen, gives A. D. 1360. the precite year when long benighted Chriftinam firit was ch ared by the beamings of Evangelical light, difclofed by the great facker of the REFORMATION-The illuftrious WICKLIFF in ENGLAND. who in that identical year, firft began to oppofe the encroach rent of papal jurifdiction in the university of Cambridge, and who was the frit to trandate the Scriptures into a vulgar tongue.

"The third divifion of 1335 days, Dan. 12, 12. coun'e lalfo from A. D. 70, gives A. D. 1405, the precife year when Huss, that illuftrious difciple of WICKLIFF, and martyr to the perfid, of the council of Conftance, firft began to preach at Progue in Boh min a. ain't the corrap ions of Romifh faith.-The curious reader will find the foregoing date of A. D. 620, for the commencement of the Mahometan Inpoiture in Savary's Vie de Mahomet preaxed to his tranfl tion of the Coron, p. 49. The commencement of the Reformation in England by Wickliff, A. 1. 1360, and in Germany by us, A. D. 1405. in L'Enfant Hiftoire de Concile de Conftance.—vol. 1. p. 201. and p. 25.

"Such an aftonishing coincidence of hiftoric ages with ancient prophefy, in fo many inftances, furnifies no flight pr-fumption that the clue here offered to the learned in the Scriptures, is the true one; or at leant, is lefs remote from the truth than any hitherto difcovered. And

«* THE DEITY who in fundry degrees and in divers manners, fpake of old to the Patriarchs, through the Prophets, bath, at the end of thefe days, fpoken unto us, through A SON, whom he hath appointed heir of alf."———Heb. 1, 1.

Mojes gave unto you, (Jews) the rite of Circumcifion, (not that it is of Mojes but of the Patriarchs,) John 7, 22."

"After the way that they call Herefy, fo ferve I the PATRI ARCHAL GOD,”. -(św #XTEWw Otw.) das 24, 14.”

it perfefly correfponds with the context in the three cafes: For furely the commencement of the Romish fuperftition in the Weft, and the Mahometan imposture in the Eaft, about A. D. 620, was the commencement of "a time of trouble," Dan. 12, 1. during which, " the tave witnees," or faithful reprefentatives of the patriarchal and evangelical churches, should be cloathed in fackeluth,” Rev. 11, 3. 2. The commencement of the Reformation in England, was actually a fevere season of " trial," in which Wickliff and his illuftrious fucceffors Cranmer, Ridley, Latimer, &c. in England; and Huls, Jerome, Luther, Calvin, &c. in Germany, were, with " many" others, "purified and made white by fufferings," for their bold and undaunted testimony to evangelical truth. Dan. 12, 11, “ and perfected their teftimony,” (rediowai) Rev. 11, 7. or fealed it with their blood. But notwithstanding-3. “Blessed were they, the understanding wife-who waited and came to the 1335 days," or open proteftation against the corruptions of intolerant bigotry; fo ftrongly oppofed by Hufs, and his fellow martyr, Jerome of Prague. Dan. 12. 12.

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"So ftrong indeed is the conviction of the weight of thefe interpretations on the author's mind, that he fhould think himself moft highly criminal in the fight of GoD, and of his fuffering Country, were he to withhold them through any "enfmaring fear of man," or dread of ill confequences to himself, or thofe he regards more than himfelf, when his Countrymen are peribing for lack of evangelical knowledge," all around!!!

"To the truly wife, of every perfuafion, he fubmits them, either for correction or verification; more than ever convinced of the weaknefs of unoffifted Reafon, in fpeculations fo profoundly myfterious; where even the most enlightened, can only glean here a little and there a little, as PROPHECY is fulfilling, and the SPIRIT fhall vouchfafe to reveal. And furely the bling conveyed through DANIEL, 12, 10, to the wife, that "they should underitan, but none of the wicked hall understand,”—and folemnly repeated to the Reader" who cautiously endeavours to expound "the oracles of prophecy," and to "the Hearers," who obferve what are written therein with due seriousness and attention, through JOHN, Rev. 1, 3.-Taking up the conclufion, and continuing, as it were, the thread of Daniel's prophecies-fhould ftimulate the researches of the Learned, and the attention of the Unlearned, to the most rational and confiftent interpretations: left their Lamps alfo be extinguished, like thote of the feven Afiatic churches, and the glorious light of the Gofpel and liberty of the Gospel, be withdrawn with indignation from this moft highly favoured Land.

"Such are the confiderations forcibly crowding upon the author's mind, at this awful, this preffing hour. Let them not be treated with inattention, levity, or ridicule, fatally misplaced, as the effufions of an Enthufiaft, or the prophecies of a crazy Brothers.-They are the refult of long continued research, and of anxious and timorous meditation, trembling at the deferved catastrophe of the Blind leading the Blind." P. 64.

When the Translations of Dr. H. had been nine months Struggling through the prefs, owing to the political interruptions of the times, he was alarmed with the intelligence of the

rival work which had appeared in England, and was ready, he tells us, to exclaim, " ibi omnis effufus labor;" but on a candid examination of that publication he was happy to discover. refpecting himself and his antagonist, "that their labours do not clath or interfere with each other, but may fwim down the ftream of time together in perfect harmony, their plans and execution differing confiderably." He then proceeds to fome remarks on particular paffages, confefling fome few errors of his own, and noticing a few committed by his rival. The Index to the Purfuits of Literature occupies about 30 pages, and is adapted to the first Irish edition, which was printed from the feventh English. The Index is occafionally illuftrated with Notes. The divifion of the book, entitled "The Monftrous Republic," contains a ftrong, juft, and confequently very horrible delineation, of the atrocities committed by the French Republicans fince their Revolution. The author feems alfo to promife another publication in favour of our country, to be entitled The Matchlefs Monarchy" (p. 55). Thefe labours are truly patriotic, as are all the efforts of this author; and, though we may not always approve the manner, we cannot do otherwife than applaud the spirit of his writings.

ART. XII. A Sermon preached before the Archdeacons and Clergy of the Deaneries of Hartfmere and Hoxne, in Suffolk; at the Vifitation holden at Eafter, in the Year 1797, and if that of Southwark in September, 1799: and published by their Defire. By the Reverend J. Brand, M. A. Rector of the Parish of St. George the Martyr, in Southwark; and Vicar of Wyckham Skeythe, in the County of Suffolk. 4to. 17 PP. 1S. Rivingtons, and Hatchard. 1800.

THIS difcourfe, found and excellent in all refpects, is em

ployed chiefly in explaining the caufes which, in thefe times, call for peculiar care from all paftors to preserve their flocks from corruption. In fpeaking of the principles which tend to relax the fcriptural duty of obedience to governors, the author limits with great care the right of refillance, to the fingle cafe of extreme neceffity; and in a note, well stored with hiftorical knowledge, he fully establishes that as the doctrine of parliament on the fubject of our revolution. Purfuing his fubject, Mr. Brand takes occafion to prove, that the exaggerated doctrines of modern liberty, are exactly thofe cenfured by St. Peter, when he speaks of men who were prefumptuous, felf

willed, &c. (2 Pet. ii, 18) and, what is more remarkable, that the very fame notions were the fource of "all the miferies the Jews fuffered in their ferocious civil wars; and from the invafion of the Romans, which put an end to their existence as a nation." As the proof of this point is chiefly contained in the note fubjoined, we fhall here infert the moft material part of it; and indeed, for the fake of this important proof, and the conclufion drawn from it, we have given this Sermon a place in this part of our Review.

"Such was the very name of that spirit of delufion God fuffered to go forth, to punith the accumulated guilt of the Jews; for Jofephus informs us, that the Jews had anciently three fchools of philofophy-Judas and Saddoc inventing and adding a fourth, and gaining many zealous adherents, first filled the ftate with commotions, and planted the roots of thofe miferies in which we were afterwards involved by this novelty in philofophy τω ασυνήθεί πρότερον φιλοσοφίας τοιας δε. Jos. Hud. 792. And of their leading principle, and the length they carried it, the hif torian fays, "they were poffeffed with an immoveable love of liberty, admitting God alone as their ruler and king"-duszivni de te cheutige Έρως εστιν αυτοίς, μόνον ηγεμόνα και δεσποτην τον θεον υπειληφόσι. Ib. 794. It is obferved, by Grotius, that by the Latins, the term libertas, liberty; and by the Greeks, το ελευθερον oι ελευθερία, is always oppofed to the ftate of fubjection under a king, and that with powers either modified or abfolute; as he is to be understood. His words are "as perfonal liberty excludes the idea of a matter, fo civil liberty excludes the idea of any king;" and, in his notes, he fhows that Jofephus him, De Jur. I. 1. c. 3. 12. It may be curfelf adopted that oppofition. forily hence obferved, that a fubject of a modified monarchy, who should endeavour to form a practical notion of civil liberty, from what he finds in the Greek and Roman writers, may imbibe fome very dangerous principles from them.

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"But the identity of the principles which defolated Judea, and now menace all Christendom, receive their fulleft illuftration from the conclufion of the character of Ananus, the high priest, as given by the Jewish hiftorians. He made a refolute ftand against the infurgents, the nrchifts, and Sicarians, or Dagger-men. This intrepid champion of public order, venerable in his life, dignified by fat ily and by office,

contentedly fubmitted to the equality of rights of the loweft; loved liberty beyond meafure; and was paffionately attached to democracy"Ηγάπηκως ΤΟ ΙΣΟΤΙΜΟΝ προς της ταπεινοίατες, ΦΙΛΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΟΣ δε εκτόπως, και ΔΕΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑΣ εξαστης, Hud. Jos. 1133. The punctuation of Hudfon is erroneous and corrected here; but the fenfe of Jofephus is the fame eitherway pointed.

"This fuffices to cftablish what is faid in the paffage here to be confirmed; but I add two collateral points: as the factious demagogues "deof Judea had the fame ends as thofe of this day, they purfued them by the fame means; many of the Jews, it is affirmed in this history, livered their eulogies of [anti-regal] liberty with the declamation of Tragedians." Our language is not fo happy as the Greek in expreffing

this:

this : οίδα μεν αν, ότι πολλοι ΤΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΑΣ ΕΓΚΩΜΙΑ ΤΡΑΓΩ ΔΟΥΣΙΝ. Ibid. 1085.

"And as the arts by which this miferable people were excited to involve in utter ruin were the fame, fo were the crimes they were inflamed to perpetrate. At the conclufion of the laft of Bishop Newton's four differtations, mentioned above, he fays, that the flagrant crimes of the Jews, and the principal fources of their calamities, in the opinion of Jofephus, were their trampling upon all human LAWS, deriding divine things, &c. Καλαπέειτο μεν εν πας αύτοις ΘΕΣΜΟΣ αντ θρώπων, εγέλατο δε τα θεία, και της των προφήτων χρησμός ως πες αγυρτικάς Aoyomnias exheva(or Ib. 1188. Newton, v. 2. p. 81.

"I moft obferve, that as no circumftance of the times drew the attention of the Bishop when writing to the peculiar force of the word , he has tranflated it by the general term, law: "Now pos by Ulpian, is interpreted, Νομος παρακελευόμενος πως δεν νομοθέτει»; law giving a precept how to make a law." Archæol: Att. Rous and Bogan, I. 1. c. 1. whence by the so we are to understand confti:utions of legiflation, not municipal laws. The paffage there is more accurately thus rendered: "All human legislative conftitutions were trampled under foot; holy things derided; and the prophetic oracles ridiculed as the forgeries of common impoftures."

"One confequence is to be drawn from this important hiftory: that God, to punish the Jews for the violation of one covenant, the rejection of another, and the total of their crimes, permitted a national spirit of delufion to go forth, to lead them to a deftruction, the feverity of which no hiftory has yet paralleled. And of this, that fpirit of delufion, or the fanaticifm of liberty, was the proximate caufe: and, from its effect, we may pronounce it to be, the most terrible known fcourge of Providence, to make a guilty nation the executors of his judgments upon themfelves; the unrelenting ministers of his anger." P. 13.

The difcourfe illuftrated by this note, is throughout very evidently the work of a found and ftudious divine, not only well verfed in hiftorical knowledge, but competent to reafon ably from it, and to beftow new light upon it by his own fagacity and obfervation.

ART. XIII. Count Rumford's Experimental Effays, political, economical, and philofophical. Ellay X. Part I. On the Conftruction of Kitchen Fire-Places and Kitchen Utenfils; together with Remarks and Obfervations relating to the various Proceffes of Cookery, and Propofals for improving that most ufeful Art. 8vo. 94 pp. 2s. 6d. Cadell and Davies.

1799.

OF Count Rumford's Effays, two only have been omitted in our publication; namely, the eighth and the ninth; the reason of which is, that they only contain three papers, which

had