deavoured to execute that tafk in the prefent part of this treatise; wherein the practice is modelled on the arrangement of Dr. Cullen; and the outline filled up from the beft authors, fo as to exhibit the most approved methods of treatment, with the latest discoveries and improvements in the healing art." P. 55.

We have here the outline of the plan of the editor; a fhort extract or two, taken cafually from different parts of the voJume, may convey to our readers an idea of the manner in which it is executed.

"GENUS LX. CHOLERA, the CHOLERA MORBUS.

Cholera, Sauv. 253. Lin. 186. Vog. 110. Sag. 188. Hoffm. II. 165.

Diarrhea cholerica, Junck, 112,

Sp. I. The Spontaneous Cholera, coming on without any manifest cause. Cholera fpontanea, Sauv. fp. 1. Sydenh. fect. iv. cap. 2.

Cholera Indica, Sauv. fp. 7.

Sp. II. The Accidental Cholera, from acrid matters taken inwardly. Cholera crapulofa, Sauv. fp. 11.

Cholera a venenis, Sauv. fp. 4, 5.

"1. Defcription. The cholera fhows itself by exceffive vomiting and purging of bilious matters, with violent pain, inflation, and difrention of the belly. Sometimes the patients fall into univerfal convulfions; and fometimes they are affected with violent fpafms in particular parts of the body. There is a great thirst, a fmall and unequal pulfe, cold fweats, fainting, coldness of the extremities, and hiccough; and death frequen ly enfues in twenty-four hours.

"Those who have been rendered weak or irritable by a hot or longcontinued fummer, or by living in a warm climate, or in putrid va pour, are peculiarly liable to this disease.

"It is produced by cold, or putrid vapour, or arifes as a partial evacuation in fever, or from a purging from any cause, if it has either continued long, or happened in a habit predifpofed; or it begins with phlegmonous inflammation of the intestines.

2. Cure.] In this difeafe, as much bile is depofited in the alimentary canal, particularly in the ftomach, the firft object is to counteract its influence, and to promote an eafy difcharge of it. It is next neceffary to restrain that increafed fecretion of bile, by which a fresh depofition in the alimentary canal would otherwife be foon produced. And, in the laft place, measures must often be employed to restore a found condition to the alimentary canal, which is frequently much weakened by the violence of the difeafe.

"On thefe grounds, the cure is effected by giving the patient a large quantity of warm water, or very weak broth, in order to cleanse the ftomach of the irritating matter which occafions the disease, and, injecting the fame by way of clyfter, till the pains begin to abate a little. After this, a large cofe of opium is to be given in fome convenient vehicle, and repeated as there is occafion. But if the vomiting and purging have continued for a long time before the phyfician be called, immediate recourse must be had to the laudanum, because the patient will be too much exhaufted to bear any further evacuations,

Some

Sometimes the propenfity to vomit is fo ftrong, that nothing will be retained, and the laudanum itfelf thrown up as foon as fwallowed. To fettle the ftomach in these cafes, Dr. Douglas, in the Medical Ef fays, recommends a decoction of oat-bread, toafted as brown as coffee and the decoction itself ought to be of the colour of weak coffee. He fays he does not remember that this decoction was ever vomited by any of his patients. An infufion of mint-leaves, or good fimple mint water, is alfo faid to be very efficacious in the fame cafe.

"The tincture of opium is fometimes retained when given in conjunction with a portion of the vitriolic acid properly diluted. But when it cannot be retained in a fluid form by the aid of any addition, it will fometimes fit upon the ftomach when taken in a solid state. "When the strength is reduced by the evacuation, and the prima vie cleared of feculent matter by this treatment, the vomiting and purging are to be stopped by opiates; but if the patient fhould be fe much weakened by the evacuation and irritation before any affiftance is called in, as to be in danger of finking, they are to be exhibited im mediately. In both cafes, the opiate is to be repeated in a smaller dofe, at fix or eight hours' interval, for two or three days, taking care to keep the inteftines free from feculent matter, by procuring one evacua tion every twenty-four hours, if it does not take place naturally.

"After the violence of the difeafe is overcome, the alimentary ca nal, and the ftomach in particular, requires to be braced and ftrengthened. With this view recourfe is often had with advantage to different vegetable bitters, particularly to the ufe of the columbo root; which, while it ftrengthens the ftomach, is also observed to have a remarkable tendency in allaying a difpofition to vomiting, which often remains for a confiderable time after the cholera may be faid to be overcome, The following formula of Dr. Saunders may be employed. (No. 135.) R Colomb. in pulv, trit. gr. x.

Rhabarb. pulv.

Ferri rubigin. fing. gr. v.

Fiat pulvis, vel, fyrupo zingiberis, Bolus, bis quotidie capiendus, "Dr. Hugh Smith fays, the intentions of cure confift in diluting and expelling the acrid bile, and palliating the most urgent fymptoms. "The firit intention may be answered by diluting drinks, taken in large quantities; fuch as a decoction of a cruft of bread, water-gruel, chicken or any other thin broth, and the like; and, if at the fame time vomiting should be excited, the bile may be both diluted and expelled. "To palliate the fymptoms, opiates, efpecially if joined with gen tle cathartics, will most avail.

(No. 336.) R Rhabarb. in pulv. trit. gr. x.

Tinct. opii gtt. xx.

Mifce fiat bol, repetend. ut opus erit.

(No. 337-) R Kali præp. Dj.

Succ, limon. 3.

Aq. cinnam. 3j.

Sp. menth. fativ. 3j.

Tinct. opii gtt. iij.

Misce fiat Haust. quarta vel fexta quaque hora fumendus.”

P. 438.

The

The difeafe is here defcribed correctly, and a rational mode of cure inftitused. Our other fpecimen fhall be taken from that part of the volume which treats of the practice of fur

gery.

"SECT. IV. Of FISSURES, or fimple FRACTURES of the SKULL. "The term is here meant to imply a mere divifion of one or both the tables of the fkull, with or without a wound of the integuments, not attended with depreffion. Fractures of this kind are not dangerous as far as affects the skull only, for it frequently happens that extensive fiffures heal without producing bad fymptoms. But as they are frequently attended with effufions of blood or ferum upon the brain or its membranes, or as they may tend to excite inflammation in these, they require particular attention.

"When effufions occur, fymptoms of compreffion immediately follow. The remedies beft fuited to this disease must then be applied; and the trepan is alone to be depended upon. The fiffures fhould be traced through their whole extent, and a perforation made on the most depending part of each of them. If this be unfuccef-ful, the operation fhould be repeated along the courfe of the fiffures as long as fymptoms of a compreffed brain continue; and as the effufed matter will commonly be found contiguous to the fiffures, they ought to be included in each perforation.

"If the fiffure be fo large as to produce an obvious feparation of the two fides of the bone, the nature of the cafe will be at once rendered evident; but where it is extremely fmall, there is difficulty in diftinguishing it from the natural futures, or from the futures furrounding fmall bones, which fometimes occur, and get the name of offa iriquetra. But this may be known by the firm adhefion which always exifts between the pericranium and futures; whereas this membrane is always fomewhat separated from that part of the bone where a fiffure is formed. When the pericranium is feparated by the accident for a confiderable way from the furface of the bone, various means have been contrived for difcovering the nature of the cafe; as pouring ink upon the part fufpected to be fractured, which in cafe of a fracture cannot be wiped entirely off, or making the patient hold a hair or piece of caigut between his teeth, while the other extremity of it is drawn tenfe, which, when ftruck, is faid to produce a difagreeable fenfation in the fractured part. But fuch tefts are little to be depended on ; ink will penetrate the futures; and the others are ineffectual, unless the fracture be extenfive, and the pieces confiderably feparated from each other. The oozing of the blood from a fiffure is a better mark. The afcertaining of this point, however, appears not very material; for, unless alarming fymptoms are prefent, although there fhould be a fiffure, no operation is neceffary; and if fuch fymptoms occur, the bone ought to be perforated whether there be a fiffure or not.

When a fiflure is not attended with fymptoms of a compreffed brain, the trepan ought not to be applied, efpecially as the operation itfelf tends in fome degree to increafe inflammation of the part. The fiffure should be treated merely as a caufe which may induce inflammation. The patient fhould be blooded according to his ftrength: the

bowels

bowels fhould be kept lax, and the fore treated with mild, eafy dreffings and violent exertion fhould be avoided as long as there is any danger of inflammation occurring." P. 739.

Thefe fpecimens, our readers will obferve, convey no unfavourable idea of the work, which feems throughout to be executed with faithfulness and care.

Four plates, containing delineations of the principal inftru-' ments ufed in chirurgical operations, are added; thefe, though not elegantly engraved, are fufficiently diftinct and clear i anfwer the purpofe intended.

ART, XIII. Le Dix-huit Brumaire. Par Roederer. Svo 431 pp. Paris. Deboffe, London.

IT

T will hardly be believed by pofterity, that, in the eleventh year of the French revolution, there should ftill be men incredulous as to the extent of the mifchief that it has done to the world. But however fceptical fuch perfons may aff & to be, with refpect to the truth of thofe narratives of French crimes, which we owe to thofe who are unpolluted with any share of thefe crimes; however ftrangely they may confider innocence as a fource of incompetence or difcrèdit, and difbe lieve every account of the revolution but what comes from its criminal leaders; they can have no pretence for not receiving, as unexceptionable teftimony, the confeffion of these leaders themselves. They may reject, if they pleafe, the evidence of all men of virtue: they may charge it with the exaggerations of partiality and refentment: we own that virtuous ten cannot be impartial in the ftruggle between virtue and crimes, and that they cannot diveft themselves of refentment against atrocious criminals. But, though the admirers of France fhould fucceed in excluding all pure witneffes, they must not flatter themselves with the hope of obtaining an acquittal for the revolution. A large body of evidence ftill remains behind, which they cannot impeach, because it comes out of the mouths of thofe who are the conftant objects of their panegyric. What will they object against the voluntary confeffion of the revolutionifts themselves? We are content that the decifion of the merits of the revolution fhould reft upon this fort of evidence alone it is fo abundant, and fo decifive, that it removes all doubt. Every faction has been under the neceffity of publifhing the history of the crimes of the faction which they deftroyed, with great boasts of their own virtue, till their own turn

for

for deftruction came, when their fucceffors executed the fame juftice on their memory. From this fucceffion of narratives the most demonftrative evidence may be collected, that, for eleven years, France has experienced nothing but flavery and mifery under the bloody defpotifm of ruffians and madmen. The crimes of the Conftitutionalifts were publifhed by the Briffatins, those of the Briffatins by Robespierre, and thofe of the Directorialifts are now publifhed by Bonaparte. What faction is destined to reveal the crimes of that famous ufurper, time only can determine. To juftify his own ufurpation, he has been under the neceffity of expofing to the world all the horrors of the previous state of France; and it must be owned, that, in pursuance of this policy, he has contributed to furnish the most important and the most authentic materials for history.

The Poet Laureat, Fontanes, in his hymn for the 14th of July last, recited in the prefence of Bonaparte, tells us, "La nuit de douleur couvroit dix ans la France!" and his Minifter, Lucien Bonaparte, in his harangue delivered on that day, faid, that "the horrors acted in France would make the most remote pofterity Jhudder at the name of a Revolution!" But the most decifive authority refpecting the effects and character of the revolution is the book before us, the production of Roederer, one of the earliest revolutionary chiefs, and now the confidential minifter of Bonaparte. If any man, after perufing this book, is not fatisfied that the example of France" ought to be "a warning to every other country under heaven," he must be con fidered as either labouring under a stupidity which no experience can teach, or tainted with a depravity which no difcipline can correct. If he is not an idiot, he must be rather the object of the vigilance of the magiftrate, than of the hopes of the mo-. ralift, for his reformation.

This volume opens with a picture of France under the conftitution of 1795, which deferves the attention of those who then envied the happiness of the republic, who wished to extend the bleffings of its protection to their native country, and who prayed for the fuccefs of arms employed in diffusing these bleffings over the world. "All the elements of deftruction and death defolated the interior of France; every new law feemed a declaration of war against property, induftry, individual liberty, and all the rights of citizens." P. 5. The executive power knew no arts but thofe of ufurpation and oppreffion: it was impotent for good, and omnipotent for evil." P. 6.- Liberty feemed only to have appeared among us FOR TEN YEARS, to be the watch-word for fome infolent oppreffors, the fignal of the oppreffion of the majority, and, the caufe of the ruin of all!" P. 7. This book was published in December, 1799, so that we have had a fhort and comprehenfive account of French-li

berty,