TREATIES. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and
equity arising under this Constitution, the laws of the
United States, and the treaties made, or which shall be
made, under their authority..

This subject critically considered, n. 199, p. 195.
TREATIES. All treaties made, or which shall be made, under the
authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law
of the land...

Treaties defined, notes 178, 240. How far it binds the
nation and is repealable, n. 240.

TREATY. No State shall enter into any treaty..

Because it is a national power, n. 152. Treaty defined,
notes 178, 199, 240.

TRIAL A party convicted on an impeachment shall nevertheless
be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and
punishment, according to law..

TRIAL by jury. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of im-
peachment, shall be by jury, and such trial shall be held
in the State where the said crimes shall have been com-
mitted; but when not committed within any State, the
trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may
by law direct......

(See Crimes-Jury, notes 213, 215.) Trial defined, n. 213,
p. 209.
TRIAL. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shali enjoy the
right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of
the State and district wherein the crime shall have been
committed, which district shall have been previously as-
certained by law. Amendments...

TRIAL by jury. In suits at common law, where the value in con-
troversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by
jury shall be preserved; and no faet tried by a jury shall
be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United
States. Amendments.

(See Common Law, n. 263.)

TRIBUNALS. Congress shall have power to constitute tribunals in-
ferior to the Supreme Court..

The tribunals which have been established under this
section, n. 109.

TRIED. When the President of the United States is tried on an
impeachment, the chief-justice shall preside...

TRIED. "Twice in jeopardy," means that a party shall not be
tried a second time, n. 255.

TRIMBLE, ROBERT. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, n.
197, p. 193.

TROOPS. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any
duty of tonnage, or keep troops or ships of war, in time
of peace..
Troops defined, n. 164.

TRUMBULL, JONATHAN. Speaker of the House of Representatives,
n. 26.

TRUST. Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend
further than removal from office, and disqualification to
hold an enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under
the United States

TRUST. No person holding an office of trust or profit under the
United States shall be appointed an elector..

TRUST. No religious test shall ever be required as a qualifi-
cation to any office or public trust under the United
States...

32, 161

TRY all impeachments. The Senate shall have the sole power to
try all impeachments..

(See note 40.)

TWENTY dollars. In suits at common law, when the value in con-
troversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by
jury shall be preserved. Amendments

(See Common Law, n. 263.)

TWO-THIRDS. No person shall be convicted by the Senate on an

impeachment without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present.. TWO-THIRDS. Each house of Congress may, by the concurrence of

two-thirds, expel a member..

TWO-THIRDS. A bill returned with objections by the President, may
be passed by two-thirds of both houses of Congress, and
become a law.
TWO-THIRDS. Any order, resolution, or vote, to which the concur-
rence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be
necessary (except on a question of adjournment), and re-
turned with objections by the President, may be re-
passed by two-thirds of both houses of Congress
TWO-THIRDS. The President shall have power, by and with the
advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, pro-
vided two-thirds of the senators present concur
TWO-THIRDS. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses
shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this
Constitution ...
TWO-THIRDS. On the application of the legislatures of two-thirds
of the several States, Congress shall call a convention for
proposing amendments to the Constitution..
TWO-THIRDS. A quorum (of the House of Representatives for the
election of President) shall consist of a member or mem-
bers from-two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all
the States shall be necessary to a choice. Amend-
ments...

TWO-THIRDS. A quorum (for the election of Vice-President by the
Senate) shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of
senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be
necessary to a choice. Amendments..

TYLER, JOHN. Vice-President, n. 37. And President, n. 166.

UNIFORM. All duties, imports, and excises, shall be uniform throughout the United States..

Taxes must be uniform, under this clause; but need not be apportioned according to the census, n. 81, p. 102. Uniforin defined, Id.

UNIFORM. Congress shall have power to establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies, throughout the United States...

To be uniform the power must be exclusive, n. 93. UNION. The doctrines of nullification in regard to, Pref. p. vii. It has the inherent powers to make it perpetual, Pref. p. viii. Secession tested its strength, Id. xi. Effect of secession upon governments firm to the Union, Pref. p. xii. The principle upon which West Virginia was admitted into the Union, Id. and note 235. The security in the hands of the lawmaking power, Pref. p. xiii., notes 46, 233, 242, 276, 286. Its firm basis, n. 286. Articles of Confederation and perpetual union, p. 9.

UNION. The Constitution established in order to form a more perfect union.

Preamble

That is to make it stronger, n. 7.

UNION. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned

among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, &c......... UNION. The President shall, from time to time, give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.

UNION. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this
Union..

See a list, and the dates of the admission of new States,
n. 230.
UNION. The United States shall guarantee to every State in the
Union a republican form of government ...

This guaranty extends to Territories as well as States,
n. 233.

UNITED STATES. Declaration of Independence sent to each of the,
p. 8. Formed Articles of Confederation, pp. 8, 9. Style of the
United States of America," Art. I. p. 9. Inhibitions
upon the States without the consent of, Arts. VI. pp. 11,
12, 13. Expenses of war to be borne by, Art. VIII. p. 18.
Power and jurisdiction under the Confederation, Art. IX.
pp. 14-19. Committee of the States might exercise the
powers of, during recess, Art. X. p. 19. Canada might be
admitted into the, Art. X. p. 19. To be liable for bills of
credit issued by Congress, Art. XII. p. 19. The States to
abide by the determination of, Art. XIII. p. 20.
UNITED STATES, or government of the United States.

We the
people of the United States, &c., do ordain and establish
this Constitution for the United States of America.
Preamble...

(See America-Government-People, notes 1-13.)

UNITED STATES. All legislative powers herein granted shall be
vested in a Congress of the United States
(See Legislative Power, notes 14, 15.)

UNITED STATES. No person shall be a representative who shall
not have attained the age of twenty-five years, and been
seven years a citizen of the United States...
(See Qualifications, notes 19, 20, 46.)

UNITED STATES. The Senate of the United States shall be com-
posed of two senators from each State...
(See Senators, n. 28.)

UNITED STATES. No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States.

(See Qualifications, notes 35, 46.)

UNITED STATES. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit, under the United States

Doubtful if it can be less. (See Impeachment, n. 40.)
UNITED STATES. The senators and representatives shall receive a
compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law,
and paid out of the treasury of the United States......
(See Compensation.)

UNITED STATES. No senator or representative shall, during the
time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil
office under the authority of the United States, which shall
have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have
been increased, during such time; and no person holding
any office under the United States shall be a member of
either house during his continuance in office....
(See Offices, n. 63.)

UNITED STATES. Congress shall have power to provide for the
common defense and general welfare of the United States.
(See Common Defense and General Welfare, notes
9, 79, 80.)

UNITED STATES. All duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States....

(See Duties, notes 81, 144.)

UNITED STATES. Congress shall have power to establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States....

(See Naturalization-Bankruptcies, notes 93-96.) As to the effect of naturalization, see n. 274.

UNITED STATES. Congress shall have power to provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States..

(See Counterfeiting, n. 103.)

UNITED STATES. Establishment of the seat of government of the
United States..

(See District of Columbia-Forts-Arsenals, notes 136,
137.)
UNITED STATES. Congress shall have power to make all laws which

shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution.
the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this
Constitution in the government of the United States, or
in any department or office thereof...

(See Laws-Powers, notes 138, 268, 269, 274.
UNITED STATES. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United
States..

(See Nobility, notes 150, 151.)

UNITED STATES Treasury. (See Treasury.)
UNITED STATES. No State shall, without the consent of Congress,
lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except
what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspec-
tion laws, and the net produce of all duties and imposts
laid by any State on imports or exports shall be for the
use of the Treasury of the United States, and all such laws
shall be subject to the revision and control of the Con-
gress...

(See States-Duties-Imposts, notes 162-165.)
For these inhibitions see the Articles of Confederation,
Art. VI. pp. 11-13.

UNITED STATES. The executive power shall be vested in a Presi-
dent of the United States of America...

(See Executive Power, n. 165.) List of Presidents, n.166. UNITED STATES. No senator or representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector of President and Vice-President..... UNITED STATES. The time of choosing electors shall be the same throughout the United States...... Time fixed, n. 168c.

UNITED States. No person except a natural born citizen, or citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of the Constituton, nor unless he shall have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident of the United States, shall be President of the United States.... (See Qualification, n. 170.)

UNITED STATES. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States, when called into actual service of the United States...

(See Commander-in-Chief, n. 175.)

UNITED STATES. The President shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment..

(See Reprieves-Pardons, n. 177.)

UNITED STATES. The President shall nominate, and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law.

(See Appointments, notes 179-184: Tenure of Office,
n. 184.)

UNITED STATES. The President shall commission all officers of the
United States...

(See Commission, n. 190.)

UNITED STATES. The President, Vice-President, and all civil
officers of the United States, shall be removed from office
on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or
other high crimes and misdemeanors..
(See Impeachment, notes 192-194.)

UNITED STATES. The judical power of the United States, shall be
vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts
as the Congress may from time to time ordain and estab-
lish...

(See Judicial Power, notes 195-198.) UNITED STATES. The judicial power shall extend to all controversies to which the United States shall be a party.... UNITED STATES. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws

• 2

of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be
made, under their authority...

See (Judicial Power, notes 199-209.)

UNITED STATES. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and couifort .....

(See Treason, notes 211-214.)

UNITED STATES. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular State'

(See Territories, notes 231, 232.) UNITED STATES. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence.. (See Guaranty-" Republican form of Government," n. 233. Invasion, n. 234. Domestic Violence, n. 235.) UNITED STATES. All debts contracted, and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution as under the Confederation

(See Debts, n. 237.)

UNITED STATES. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land. See the article defined and discussed, notes 238, 241. UNITED STATES. The senators and representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States

(See Oath, n. 242.)

UNITED STATES Court. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved; and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law. Amendments..

See this article discussed, notes 263-265, and n. 205a. UNITED STATES. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States, respectively, or to the people. Amendments...

(See Powers, notes 138, 209, 274.)

UNITED STATES. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. Amendments...

(See Law and Equity, notes 270, 272, and n. 205a) UNITED STATES. The list of votes for President and Vice President shall be transmitted to the seat of the government of the United States. Amendments UNITED STATES. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Amendments.. 18 (See Citizens-Stavery, n. 174.)

UNITED STATES. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.

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46, 269

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