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officers of vessels on which such members of the Citizen Navy may be serving, or by the commandant of navy yards or naval reservations to which such members of the Citizen Navy may be assigned.

SEC. 30 29. That persons trained in the Citizen Cadet Corps or the Citizen Army and the reserves thereof may, when called into the service of the United States by the President, be assigned to active service with the Marine Corps of the Navy when the public interests demand such assignment.

SEC. 34 30. That persons undergoing training as members of the Citizen Cadet Corps, of the Citizen Army and Navy, shall not be entitled to pay. While undergoing training in camps of instruction and on board of training ships as herein provided they shall be entitled to the actual cost of transportation going to or returning from said camps and training ships and to their subsistence and necessary medical attendance while actually serving therein.

SEC. 32 31. That members of the Citizen Cadet Corps undergoing training in the first period shall not be provided with nor wear a uniform. Members of the Citizen Cadet Corps undergoing training in the second and third periods shall be entitled to wear the prescribed uniforms, and those of the third period shall be provided by the United States with the absolutely necessary uniforms for use during the periods of actual training in camps of instruction. Members undergoing training in the Citizen Army and Navy shall be entitled to and be provided with the necessary service uniform, the type of which shall be that of the Regular Army or Navy, and the amounts shall be prescribed by the Secretary of War or Navy, with such distinctive insignia as may be prescribed. The uniforms so provided and issued by the Government shall be worn only while present at established eamps places of instruction, maneuvers, or aboard ship: Provided, That nothing herein stated shall be construed to prohibit the use at any time of uniforms purchased by those entitled to wear them or the wearing of uniforms prescribed by universities, colleges, academies, and schools, or military or naval organizations.

SEC. 33 32. That any person who, not being a member of the Regular Army or Navy, the Organized Militia, the Citizen Cadet Corps, of the Citizen Army or Navy, and their reserves, wears any uniform or any colorable imitation thereof shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished by a fine not exceeding $50: Provided, That this section shall not prevent any person from wearing such uniform in any staged play, musical performance, or a bona fide military and naval representation.

SEC. 34 33. That no intoxicating or spirituous liquors shall be sold or supplied and-no-persons shall have any such intoxicating or spirituous liquers-in-his-possession at any military of naval station, camp, fort, post, or aboard ship during such time as the training of persons as prescribed in this act is proceeding in such military or naval camp, fort, post, or aboard ship, except as prescribed for purely medical purposes.

SEC. 35 34. That no intoxicating or spirituous liquors shall be sold to any member of the Citizen Cader Corps while in uniform, nor shall any intoxicating or spirituous liquors, except as prescribed by a duly qualified medical practitioner, be supplied to any such cadet while in uniform. Any person violating this or any preceding section shall, on conviction thereof, be subject to a fine of $100.

SEC. 36 35. That the arms, ammunition, equipment, and other military and naval supplies necessary for the training provided for by this act shall be issued in such quantities as may be prescribed by the Secretary of War or the Secretary of the Navy, respectively, and as Congress may duly authorize by apporpriation therefor.

SEC. 36. That persons undergoing training in the Citizen Army or the Citizen Navy and their reserves, when mobilized and called into the active service of the United States, as provided in section twenty one of this act, except for training shall receive the same pay and allowances as may be authorized by law for corresponding grades in the Regular Army or Navy and shall be subject to the Rules and Articles of War, if called to service with the Army, and to the laws and regulations for the government of the Navy if called to service with the Navy.

SEC. 38 37. That members of the Citizen Army or Navy and their reserves who incur disabilities in line of duty while in active service or while actually undergoing training, and while proceeding from their homes to training centers and camps of instruction, and returning therefrom to their homes, shall be entitled to pensions as provided under existing laws: Provided, That no member of the Citizen Cadet Corps, the Citizen Army, or the Citizen Navy shall be eligible to retirement or to retired pay.

SEC. 39 38. That for the purposes of carrying out the provisions of this act, in so far as they relate to the Citizen Cadet Corps, the Citizen Army and its reserves, there shall be established in the War Department a division of the General Staff Corps which shall be known as the Citizen Army Division of the General Staff Corps. The personnel of this division shall consist of seven officers, who shall be additional members of the General Staff Corps, and one of whom shall have the rank of major or captain, and be detailed from the Medical Department. The remaining personnel shall have one representative detailed, respectively, from the Infantry, Cavalry, Field Artillery, Coast Artillery Corps, and Engineer Corps. The chief of this division shall have the rank of colonel, the assistant chief shall have the rank of lieutenant colonel, and the remaining members from the line of the Army shall have the rank of major or captain, and it shall be the duty of this division to supervise the training, supply, and administration of the Citizen Cadet Corps, Citizen Army, and its reserves: Provided, That-the-continental limits of the United States shall be divided into fifty-inspection-districts, and there shall be an officer-of-the-line-of-the-Army, with-the-rank-of-captain,-designated and appointed as inspector of said inspection district, whose duties shall be to inspect and supervise the training in the several training-districts-included-within-the-limits-of-his-inspection-distriet: Provided further, That there shall be detailed from the Regular Army to each congressional district and the District of Columbia, bereinbefore-designated as training districts, a district commandant, one half of those so-detailed shall have the rank of first-lieutenant and the other half-shall have the rank of second lieutenant That the President is hereby authorized to detail officers of the Regular Army and Navy of the grades of first lieutenant to colonel, inclusive, and of equivalent grades in the Navy, for duty with and for the training of the Citizen Cadet Corps, the Citizen Army, the Citizen Navy, and their reserves, in such numbers as he may deem necessary: Provided further,

That the number so detailed from each grade shall be in proportion to the number in that grade now provided by law for the whole Army: And provided further. That officers so detailed shall be subject to the provisions of section twenty-seven of the act of February second, nineteen hundred and one, relative to details in the Staff Corps.

SEC. 40. That the officers hereinbefore designated as-district-inspectors and district commandants shall be additional offieers in their respective grades, and the vacancies caused by their detail-shall be filled by promotion or appointment in the Regular Army: Pro vided, That officers so detailed as district commandants and district inspectors may be relieved by officers of the corresponding grades of the Regular Army, and officers so relieved shall be assigned to the duties of their grade with the Regular Army: Provided further, That officers thus detailed shall be subject to the requirements of the aet of Congress approved March third, nineteen hundred and eleven.

SEC. 44 39. That for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this act, in so far as they relate to the Citizen Navy and its reserves, there shall be established in the Navy Department a division of the office of the aid for naval operations. The personnel of this division shall consist of two officers, one of whom shall have the rank of captain, who will be the chief of this division, and the other shall have the rank of commander and be the assistant chief of this division, and it shall be the duty of this division to supervise the training, supply, and administration of the Citizen Navy and its reserves: Provided, That there shall be detailed from the Navy to each training district, as herein designated, a district commandant, who shall have the rank of junior lieutenant. The officers herein above designated as district commandant shall be additional officers in their respective grades, and the vacancies caused by their details shall be filled by promotion in the Navy: Provided further, That officers so detailed as district commandant may be relieved by other officers of the corresponding grades of the Navy, and officers so relieved shall be assigned to the duties of his grade with the Navy: And provided further, That officers on the retired list of the Navy may be detailed for duty as direet district commandants.

Sec. 40. That the President is hereby authorized to detail for duty with and the training of the Citizen Cadet Corps, the Citizen Army, and the Citizen Navy, such number of noncommissioned officers of the Regular Army and enlisted men of equivalent grades of the Navy as he may deem necessary: Provided, That the enlisted men so detailed shall be additional in their respective grades to the numbers authorized therefor in the Regular Army and Navy.

Sec. 42 41. That the President is authorized to make such regulations, not inconsistent with this act, which by this act are required or permitted to be prescribed, or which are necessary or convenient to be prescribed, for the securing of the discipline and good goverment of the members of the Citizen Cadet Corps, of the Citizen Army and Navy, and of their reserves, or for carrying out or giving effect to this act.

[Memorandum to accompany War College Division (9317-I) report on Senate bill 1695, compulsory training.] I herewith submit the following minority report on this bill:

Section 1: I believe this section should provide for the registration of all male citizens between the ages of 12 and 50. It should provide for the registration of all aliens, male and female, residing within the United States. It should provide

that all male citizens between the ages of 12 and 50 years are liable to training for military or naval service. I agree with the classes to be exempted except as follows: I do not believe the class of persons mentioned in (j) should be exempt. Reasons: I do not believe the Government should be restricted to training only those between the ages of 12 and 23. All between the ages of 12 and 50 should be made available and the Government should be given the right to select such as it desires to train. In any one year it may not desire any and on the other hand it may desire and need all able-bodied males of military age. This exemption (j) opens the way for much favoritism and politics and may lead to exempting citizens with influence. As a means of national defense, all aliens should be registered. The Government should know what aliens reside within its borders, who they are, and what their business is, and it should be able to control them to a certain extent in time of national danger.

Section 2: All citizens between the ages of 18 and 32 years should be included in (b). All citizens between the ages of 33 and 50, whether or not they have been trained should be included in (c).

Section 3: The period of training 6 months is entirely inadequate. I think this training should consist of a minimum of 12 months' continuous training, and, in addition thereto, training during such maneuver periods as the President may order pursuant to the provisions of section 21 of this act.

Reasons: If we are going to train our citizens for military or naval service, why not train them to make efficient soldiers and sailors? Why train them partially? I do not believe that under the provisions of this bill effective soldiers or sailors can be made in six months. Such a short period of training can only be based upon the assumption that a perfect organization exists for training and that all necessary trained instructors are available. Such can hardly be the case under this system. The "Statement of a proper military policy" prescribes 12 months as the minimum period of training necessary to make a soldier.

Section 9: I do not think a citizen who has completed the prescribed training should be passed to the Citizen Reserve at the age of 24. They should be held in the Citizen Army until 32. They need not be given additional training unless desired. Section 11: In addition to the fine imposed the boy between the ages of 12 and 18 should be held for service and required to undergo the training prescribed.

Section 14: I believe this section should also provide not to exceed 3 months' imprisonment in addition to the fine.

Section 17: Provision is only made for the registration of citizens upon arriving at the age of 12 years. If this bill passes no citizen over 12 years of age will be registered. All citizens between the ages of 12 and 50 years who are males should be registered and subsequently each year all who arrive at the age of 12.

Section 26: I do not believe members of the Citizen Army or Navy should be permitted to enlist in the Militia or Volunteer Forces.

Section 33: I do not approve of sec. 33. It should be eliminated from the bill.

Memorandum for the Chief of Staff:

W. T. MERRY, Captain General Staff.

WAR DEPARTMENT,

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF STAFF,
Washington, February 19, 1916.

Subject: Report by Mobile Army Division on S. 1695, a bill to provide for the military and naval training of the citizen forces of the United States, introduced by Mr. Chamberlain, chairman Committee on Military Affairs, United States Senate. The Mobile Army Division of the General Staff unanimously indorses the vital basic principle of universal training in peace and service in war, which this bill embodies.

It is the consensus of the military opinion of the world, in which our General Staff has concurred, that two years of intensive training is the minimum required for the thorough disciplining and training of a soldier, and our General Staff held in the policy report of September 11 that one year intensive training is required before soldiers should be sent into battle, and has recommended in that report a minimum training of nine months be given to our troops that are to constitute the second line whose additional three months' training is to be completed after war is declared.

In policy report of September 11, after showing what the preparedness of the great powers for over-sea expeditions was in 1914, the General Staff held that the minimum number of troops needed by the United States was 1,000,000-500,000 thoroughly trained troops with a minimum of two years' training and 500,000 partially trained

troops with a minimum of nine months' training. The report clearly pointed out that two expeditions alone would provide a force large enough to cope with our 1,000,000 mobile troops. No one can thoughtfully study the policy report without agreeing that the number mentioned above and that the training specified above is the irreducible minimum. The Mobile Army Division concurs in the revision of the bill herewith made by the War College Division of the General Staff, with the distinct understanding that we must have in our first line a minimum of 500,000 thoroughly trained troops that is, with an average period of training of not less than two years— and that the troops that will be provided by the provisions of this act are to be considered second-line troops that must complete their training after war has been declared.

The bill as originally drawn provides for a total of approximately 1,400 hours' training spread over the period included in the years from 12 to 23, inclusive, and follows very closely in its provisions the universal system of training provided by Australia. The distribution of periods for training provided in the bill is as follows:

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The War College in its revision has changed the period of training for the Citizen Army given above to six months continuous training to be given in any year between the ages of 18 and 23.

The Mobile Army Division unanimously concurs in this change in its application to boys who have received the cadet training, but unanimously recommends that those who will fail to receive the cadet training, due to living in sparsely settled districts, where the hardship imposed on the individual or the cost to the Government would be too great to give the prescribed cadet training, should receive the minimum of nine months as laid down in the policy report of September 11. This proviso would recognize the value of the cadet training and, at the same time, provide an automatic penalty for those who failed to take the cadet training provided in the bill.

As pointed out by the Judge Advocate General, in his report on this bill, one of the primary defects in the bill as originally drawn, was that it sought to establish Federal military training and to punish evasions of training and infractions of discipline through the medium of civil courts, the character of which, whether State or Federal, was not prescribed. In other words, it sought to establish universal military training without giving to the persons charged with the duty of conducting it such authority as would be necessary to maintain discipline and enforce the provisions of the bill. Since the offenses would be violations of the United States statutes only, they would be cognizable only by United States courts, and the attempt to give State and municipal courts jurisdiction is contrary to existing decisions that this can not be done.

The War College in its revision partially remedies the defect pointed out by the Judge Advocate General by giving courts-martial jurisdiction over any person liable for service in the Citizen Army who, without lawful excuse, evades or fails to render the personal service required by the act. For the offense of failing to register on the part of a person liable to service in the Citizen Army, or for neglect or connivance on the part of parents or guardians in permitting boys under their charge to evade service in the Citizen Cadet Corps, the United States district court will have jurisdiction. As the trial of cases in these courts by reason of their distance from the centers of training will cause great expense to the Government for the transportation of witnesses, etc., and due to the congestion of cases cause unusual delay and inconvenience in awarding punishment which should be summary in character, the suggestion of the Judge Advocate General.that in addition to giving courts-martial jurisdiction, the jurisdiction of United States district court commissioners should be extended for the trial of cases under this act not subject to the jurisdiction of courts-martial, with the

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